Role Of Anticipation Research Articles

Cold Urticaria: An Under-recognised Cause of Perioperative Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a rare but severe, potentially life threatening allergic reaction which commonly presents with cutaneous to multisystem involvement. The overall incidence rate of anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia varies greatly, ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:38. Cold urticaria, subset of chronic urticaria, is characterised with the presence of localised wheals to systemic and anaphylactic reactions. Physical urticaria can be due to physical stimuli such as friction, pressure, sun exposure and cold. Cold urticaria mainly comprises of physical urticaria rather which ranges from 3-33.8% with a higher incidence in cold climate. A case of physical cold urticaria was reported during perioperative period in a 40-year-old male who was posted in urology OT for a planned Ureteroscopy (URS). On pre-anaesthetic evaluation, patient’s medical, surgical and personal history found to be inconclusive. Patient was fit for surgery under ASA grade 1 and advised to be kept nil per orally for six hours for solid food and two hours for clear fluid. At the conclusion of surgery, patient developed shivering and was managed with warm blankets and radiant heater. After some time, patient develop wheals over chest, abdomen and lower back. Patient was managed with warm fluids, warming the patient, maintaining ambient OT temperature and drugs like injection pheniramine, epinephrine and dexamethasone to prevent catastrophic reaction. Through evaluation during preoperative period plays a key role in anticipation of these kind of untoward events. This case report describes the occurrence and management of this rare condition.

Household meal planning as anticipatory practice: The role of anticipation in managing domestic food consumption and waste

Food waste is a major contributor to various environmental problems and food wasted at the household level makes up a significant proportion of the overall estimated totals. Fundamental questions remain about this waste as an aspect of domestic consumption and the appropriate policy response. Deficiencies in household food planning have been posited as a potential factor related to food waste production in the home, but this has not been developed in a way which connects clearly to existing sociological studies of meal planning. This paper therefore engages with feminist literature on domestic meal planning and material culture approaches to food waste. It moves the concept of anticipatory practice to the domestic space, to address forms of domestic meal planning and other food-related practices as anticipatory practices which are inherently oriented to the future. The paper draws on a number of semi-structured interviews, research diaries, and images completed and submitted by participants to highlight the establish meal planning practices as anticipatory, and to identify other forms of anticipatory practices around food. As part of this, the association of additional food in the home with food waste is also questioned and practices such as batch cooking are reassessed along with related practices. Meal planning is ultimately described as an anticipatory practice, a broader designation of organisational practices involved in food consumption which may be relevant for policy and research concerning food waste reduction.

Psychological reactance and vaccine uptake: a longitudinal study

Objective In most countries, vaccine uptake is a voluntary decision. If people experience threats to this freedom, for example, by pro-vaccination media campaigns or government pressure, psychological reactance may be induced. To regain freedom, the opposite behaviour (vaccine refusal) may become more attractive, forming a vaccination barrier. It remains unclear how state reactance fluctuates and how it relates to vaccination intention versus behaviour. Therefore, this pre-registered longitudinal study aimed to gain insight in the changes in state reactance during a COVID-19 vaccination programme and its relationship with vaccine uptake. Methods A representative sample of Dutch adults under 60 completed questionnaires before being eligible for vaccination, shortly before they were invited for vaccination, and after the opportunity for vaccination. Results Data were analysed using regression analyses (N = 1411). Reactance did not change as hypothesised, but remained stable over time. As hypothesised, reactance predicted lower subsequent vaccination intention. Controlling for intentions, however, reactance did not predict vaccine uptake. Furthermore, reactance predicted lower decision confidence about vaccination, except for people who strongly opposed vaccination. Conclusion Reactance has a sustained role in anticipation of a vaccination decision. Although reactance seems to affect the process towards the decision, this does not determine the final choice.

Theorising repeated displacement: The role of anticipation and precedent. The case of Burundi

What drives mass displacement in the context of cyclical violence and repeated refugee flows? We take the context of Burundi and the Great Lakes region in Africa to show the limitations of available causal models, which are typically focused on war-related displacement, struggle to connect war and post-war displacement and where mass displacement is understood as a response to acute violence. Burundi is an excellent case study to problematise episodic, reactive and war-related causal models of displacement as this is a context with cyclical mass displacements spanning both war and peace and interconnected through dynamics such as people’s anticipation of worsening and reading of precedent. Taking the 2015 third-term contestation in Burundi as a starting point, we argue for a longue-durée approach to displacement and for complicating the dominant causality framework by bringing in three dynamics: anticipation, endogeneity and entrenchment. Anticipation considers how longer-term (violent) pasts rather than immediate events inform displacement. In Burundi, people drew on past experiences as well as rumours in an attempt to anticipate a deterioration. Endogeneity questions easy separations between displacement, violence and political crisis and rather sees them as co-constitutive. In Burundi, mass displacement cleared the opposition from domestic space and disenfranchised large populations in subsequent elections. It also drew increased transnational repression and triggered security fears on behalf of the regime. Finally, as the case of Burundi shows, redisplacement does not represent a ‘repeat’ or replication of past experience, but rather a new form of relation to exile and home. Against a long past of repeated displacements, many Burundians are entrenching in exile.

Emotional state analysis based on speech recognition signals

At present, as intelligent speech recognition is widely used, the importance of speech emotion recognition technology is also gradually gaining recognition. Considering the current social pressure, the generation of negative emotions has become particularly common. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the recognition of different emotions by using the speech recognition system, which has been perfected, so as to play a role in anticipation and prevention. In this paper, we focus on the negative effects of negative emotions on people's lives, and use K-nearest classifier to identify different emotions, and accurately identify them, and prevent and monitor them. Finally, the feasibility of this method is confirmed by simulating the process.

The Role of Anticipation in Patient Adherence.

The Role of Anticipation in Patient Adherence.

Medicinal Components in Edible Mushrooms on Diabetes Mellitus Treatment.

Mushrooms belong to the family “Fungi” and became famous for their medicinal properties and easy accessibility all over the world. Because of its pharmaceutical properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties, it became a hot topic among scientists. However, depending on species and varieties, most of the medicinal properties became indistinct. With this interest, an attempt has been made to scrutinize the role of edible mushrooms (EM) in diabetes mellitus treatment. A systematic contemporary literature review has been carried out from all records such as Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar with an aim to represents the work has performed on mushrooms focuses on diabetes, insulin resistance (IR), and preventive mechanism of IR, using different kinds of mushroom extracts. The final review represents that EM plays an important role in anticipation of insulin resistance with the help of active compounds, i.e., polysaccharide, vitamin D, and signifies α-glucosidase or α-amylase preventive activities. Although most of the mechanism is not clear yet, many varieties of mushrooms’ medicinal properties have not been studied properly. So, in the future, further investigation is needed on edible medicinal mushrooms to overcome the research gap to use its clinical potential to prevent non-communicable diseases.

Head control and head-trunk coordination as a function of anticipation in sidestepping

ABSTRACT Head reorientation precedes body reorientation during direction change to facilitate gaze realignment, thus enhancing perceptual awareness. Whole body kinematics are dependent on the available planning time. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of anticipation on head control and head-trunk coordination during sidestepping tasks. Fourteen male collegiate athletes performed anticipated and unanticipated sidestepping tasks. Transverse plane head, trunk and heading direction, as well as head-trunk coordination were assessed. During change of direction tasks, we observed greater head orientation towards the new travel direction, followed by heading direction and then trunk direction during both anticipated and unanticipated tasks. With reduced planning time, heading in the preparatory phase and trunk rotation in the preparatory and stance phases were significantly less oriented towards the new travel direction, with no differences in head rotation. During anticipated sidestepping, significantly greater in-phase coordination was observed during the preparatory phase compared to unanticipated sidestepping. Head reorientation facilitates gaze realignment and may be prioritized irrespective of planning time during sidestepping tasks. During anticipated trials, the head and trunk move more synchronously compared to unanticipated sidestepping, highlighting the potential benefits of aligning the degrees of freedom earlier in the change of direction stride and optimizing perceptual awareness.

Predictive Uncertainty Underlies Auditory Boundary Perception

Anticipating the future is essential for efficient perception and action planning. Yet the role of anticipation in event segmentation is understudied because empirical research has focused on retrospective cues such as surprise. We address this concern in the context of perception of musical-phrase boundaries. A computational model of cognitive sequence processing was used to control the information-dynamic properties of tone sequences. In an implicit, self-paced listening task (N = 38), undergraduates dwelled longer on tones generating high entropy (i.e., high uncertainty) than on those generating low entropy (i.e., low uncertainty). Similarly, sequences that ended on tones generating high entropy were rated as sounding more complete (N = 31 undergraduates). These entropy effects were independent of both the surprise (i.e., information content) and phrase position of target tones in the original musical stimuli. Our results indicate that events generating high entropy prospectively contribute to segmentation processes in auditory sequence perception, independently of the properties of the subsequent event.

Postural Adjustments during Interactions with an Active Partner

Ensuring stability of the human vertical posture is a complex task requiring both anticipatory and compensatory postural strategies when a standing person performs fast actions and interacts with the environment, which can include other persons. How people adjust their preparatory and compensatory postural adjustments in situations when they interact with an active partner is still poorly understood. In this study we investigated the postural adjustments while two healthy persons played a traditional childhood game. While standing facing each other, they were asked to push with their hands against the hands of the opponent only, and to make the opponent to take a step. We explored strategies when pushing the opponent’s hands generated perturbations to the posture of both players and when one of the players withdrew the arms to neutralize the opponent’s pushing action. Electromyograms were recorded from the leg and trunk muscles and used to quantify early (EPAs), anticipatory (APAs) and compensatory (CPAs) postural adjustments, as well as the co-activation and reciprocal changes in the activity of agonist–antagonist pairs. Results showed higher indices of muscle co-activation during EPAs during the game compared to the control conditions. We found that postural preparation strategies defined whether a participant kept or lost balance during the game. Our results highlight the importance of muscle co-activation, the role of anticipation, and the difference in strategies while interacting with an active partner as compared to interactions with passive objects.

Developing and testing the Expanded Sport Official’s Decision-Making Model

ABSTRACT The present study tests the new Expanded Sport Official’s Decision-Making Model (ESODMM), which expands the existing Official’s Specific Decision-Making Model by integrating emotion, anticipation, and information-processing into its conceptual framework. To test the role of anticipation and emotion in the ESODMM, 56 basketball officials (32 high school level, 24 NCAA division 1) were assigned to either high (crowd noise and peer evaluation) or low (no crowd noise or peer evaluation) stress conditions and asked to make calls on occluded or non-occluded basketball video clips while wearing eye tracking glasses. MANOVA and ANOVA analyses revealed that officials in the high-stress condition experienced more stress resulting in less accurate decisions than those in the low-stress condition. Additionally, experienced officials made more accurate decisions and goal-directed gaze behaviours than novices did. Moreover, decision-making accuracy was lowest in the occluded trial block. The findings support the important role that emotion, information-processing, and anticipation have in officials’ decision-making. Implementing the ESODMM can provide researchers with a comprehensive model to guide their understanding of officials’ decision-making processes.

Atmospheres of care in a psychiatric inpatient unit

In this article we directly address the question of atmosphere in a psychiatric inpatient unit, focussing on the particular role that forms of care delivered ‘on the move’ play in shaping that atmosphere. Our approach, based in sensory ethnography, foregrounds the perspective of the staff who work in this environment, showing how they enact care via mobile, sensory and spatial expertize. In particular, we focus on the role of anticipation and movement in how people apprehend and try to shape the atmosphere of hospital wards. We argue that this points towards the need for a shift in our thinking about designing environments of care, one that accounts for the contingent atmospheres that so often characterize them. This also offers a way forward for designers to allow people in the wards to ongoingly constitute atmospheres of care in these distinctive surroundings.

Interest Rate Pegs and the Reversal Puzzle: On the Role of Anticipation

We revisit the reversal puzzle: A counterintuitive contraction of inflation in response to an interest rate peg. We show that it is intimately related to the degree of agents' anticipation. If agents perfectly anticipate the peg, reversals occur depending on the duration of the peg. If they do not anticipate the peg, reversals are absent. In the case of imperfect anticipation, implemented by a Markov-switching framework, we measure the degree of anticipation by the frequency of the peg regime. Even if the frequency of the peg takes on a value twice as large as empirically observed, the reversal puzzle is absent.

On Anticipatory Accounts

Engaging an account of a judicial decision made in the Los Angeles Mental Health Court, this article interrogates the role of anticipation in the lived negotiation of moral, social and institutional orders. As Judge Samuel Benton recounts his attempt to let himself ‘emotionally off the hook’ in the wake of a patient’s suicide, anticipation emerges as: 1) an ordered, linear sequencing of events towards logical ends; 2) unsettled, temporally disjunctive engagements with the past in order to make sense of present experience and ambiguous futures; 3) existential negotiations of one’s potential morality and social belonging; and 4) distributed organization of information between people and across objects in order to elaborate present and future experience. These manifestations of anticipation reveal the social and temporal contingency and deep intersubjectivity of our negotiations with uncertainty in the unsettling process of becoming moral.

Selective Forces Related to Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is caused by an unstable expanded CAG repeat tract (CAGexp) at ATXN2. Although prone to selective forces such as anticipation, SCA2 frequency seems to be stable in populations. Our aim was to estimate reproductive success, segregation patterns, and role of anticipation in SCA2. Adult subjects from families with molecular diagnosis provided data about all his/her relatives. Affected and unaffected sibs older than 65.7years of age were used to estimate reproductive success and segregation patterns. Twenty-one SCA2 families were studied, including 1017 individuals (164 affected) who were born from 1840 to 2012. The median number of children of the non-carriers and carriers, among 99 subjects included in the reproductive success analysis, were 2 and 3 (p < 0.025), respectively. Therefore, the reproductive success of carriers was 1.5. There were 137 non-carriers (59.6%) and 93 carriers (40.4%) (p = 0.04), among subjects included in the segregation analysis. Age at onset across generations pointed to anticipation as a frequent phenomenon. We raised evidence in favor of increased reproductive success related to the carrier state at ATXN2, and segregation distortion favoring normal alleles. Since majority of normal alleles analyzed carried 22 repeats, we propose that this distortion segregation can be related to the high frequency of this allele in human chromosomes.

Once More, with Feeling: the Role of Familiarity in the Aesthetic Response

This article argues that familiarity is an important ingredient of the aesthetic brew, potentially more important than the tinge of surprise. Most of the examples are drawn from the psychology of music, pointing at people’s preferences for music from their youth, strong correlations between familiarity and liking of musical excerpts, the Caillebotte effect in preferences for paintings, and neuroimaging work on the role of anticipation in the experience of musical chills. In addition, I refer to the value of incremental work in creators, and the influence of prototypicality and self-relevance for the aesthetic response. Surprise/complexity/originality/expectation violations play a role too, but their influence needs to be carefully Goldilocked: There is an inverse-J-shaped relationship between originality and liking, and, within music, liking is associated with proximity to pink noise. Finally, there is evidence that different aspects of musical events lead to different responses, illustrating that the aesthetic brew is a complicated mix.

WEB PAGE ANTICIPATION SYSTEM USING MARKOV MODEL

Web page prediction plays a vital role in anticipation and pre-fetching webpage in advance earlier than the user accesses that webpage in future, resulting in reducing the user latency and efficiently utilize the minimum bandwidth of the network. Process of accessing any information on the internet, clustering plays an important role. But clustering is done only by using the navigational behavior of the user. The clustering technique is done for the purpose of making certain groups of similar web pages. The whole process of anticipation of web page tries to use the pre-fetching techniques and Markov and hidden Markov model. On the basis of the similar behavior of web pages they are divided into various clusters and with the help of using the prediction algorithm we are able to anticipate the next most probable web page by using the user’s current accessible web page.

P382 Neural mechanisms of attentional switching during distraction analgesia: A single-trial laser evoked potential study

Objectives Noxious stimuli capture attention and at the same time, pain is attenuated by a concurrent cognitive task. The present study aimed to elucidate the cortical mechanisms underlying diminution of pain during attentional distraction using single-trial electrocortical and subjective responses. Methods In 24 healthy participants, a laser heat stimulus was applied to the dorsum of the left hand while subjects either viewed Rubin vase-face illusion (RVI), or focused on their pain and associated somatosensory sensations occurring on their stimulated hand. Pain-related sensations occurring on every laser stimulus were evaluated using a set of visual analogue scales. Factor analysis was used to identify the principal dimensions of pain experience. Laser evoked potentials (LEPs) were correlated with subjective aspects of pain experience on a single-trial basis using a multivariate regression model. Results Subjects anticipated and perceived smaller pain whilst focusing on RVI than on their pain-related sensations. A positive LEP component at the vertex electrodes in the interval 294–351 ms was smaller during focusing on RVI than during focusing on the stimulated hand. The attention-related amplitude changes in LEPs were accounted for by an equivalent source dipole located in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Single-trial variations of source activity in PCC correlated with changes in Factor 1, representing essential aspects of pain, and inversely with both Factor 2, accounting for anticipated pain, and with the number of RVI figure reversals. Discussion Single-trial analysis of LEPs and subjective responses to a noxious laser stimulus point to the possibility that the attentional switching during a distraction analgesia operates in PCC via three channels: 1. The pain modulation channel which affects the pain experience during the distraction by neural and functional connections of the posterior cingulate cortex with the anterior cingulate cortex. 2. The task engagement channel represented by reduction of the LEP potential in PCC in trials with a large number of RVIs. 3. The anticipation channel representing a contextual, top-down modulation of the distraction effect. Conclusions PCC appears to mediate the attentional switching towards the pain during concurrent, distracting task. Switching between pain and non-pain task is modulated by the strength of engagement in a cognitive-perceptual task, and by the level of anticipated pain. Significance Our findings shed light on the factors underlying distraction analgesia. The level of engagement in the non-pain task and the role of anticipation are the factors which can be boosted to strengthen the analgesia in clinical applications.

Hemostatic parameters in Thalassemia patients; a single institute experience

Background: Changes of coagulation profile have been described in patients with B-Thalassemia major. Prolongation of prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time and reduced levels of coagulation factors and natural anticoagulants have been variously described though the mechanisms involved in the thrombotic tendency seen in some Thalassemia patients have not been fully clarified.Objectives: To investigate changes in the coagulation profile in patients with B-Thalassemia according to the available hemostatic parameters in Thalassemia patients in Al-Karama Teaching Hospital in Wasit governorate.Methods: Hemostatic variables were studied in pre-transfusion blood samples from 50 transfusion-dependent children with Beta Thalassemia (mean age 13.2 years) and from 20 healthy controls.Results: Laboratory evaluation showed thrombocytopenia in 43.5%, prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) in 54% and prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in 56% of the patients. All measured coagulation factors level were low in activity as compared with control group. Serum ferritin had positive correlation with PTT and PT (r=0.12 and r=0.11 respectively) and significant negative correlation with platelet count (r=-0.3).Conclusions: Changes in the hemostasis in Thalassemia patients is notifiable.These laboratory finding may be subclinical, but play important role in anticipation of future hemorrhagic manifestation and thrombotic events.

Contortions of the unconsolidated

This paper makes a case for the analysis of urban grounds as urbanizing agents at the intersections of the material and cultural. Through a case study of four decades of landslide management in Hong Kong, it casts new light on the role of urban nature as a participant in the generation of urban forms and conceptions of city life. It demonstrates the active role of anticipation, its differential distribution and materialization through a close study of how geotechnical engineers, film, literature and capitalists portrayed and operated on a territory on the verge of material collapse. In conversation with theories of urban assemblage, this paper contributes the process of ‘consolidation’ as it operated in geotechnical discourses in Hong Kong (and elsewhere) as a useful framework for analysing urban socio-natural interactions in contexts of volatile nature. This positions the city within fraught entanglements with a ground that is projected upon, surfaced, shaped and metamorphosing at variable rates.