Role Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

Effect of Ethyl Oleate Pretreatment on Drying of Ginger: Characteristics and Mathematical Modelling

Ginger is of high value and export oriented commodity crop, which plays an important role in agricultural sector. Proper drying techniques are required to capitalize this crop. In the present study, the effect of chemical pretreatment of alkaline ethyl oleate on drying behaviour of ginger was investigated and compared with untreated ginger at selected temperatures of 45, 55, and 65°C at a constant air velocity of 1.8 m/s. The drying rate curves showed that drying occurred in falling rate period and the drying times of pretreated ginger were shorter than those of untreated ginger. Thin‐layer drying models such as Newton, Page, Modified Page, Henderson and Pabis, and Wang and Singh were evaluated based on statistical criteria. The Page model was found to be a better model for describing the drying kinetics of the ginger. The rehydration capacity of pretreated sample was more than that of untreated sample and increased with drying temperature. The transport of water during drying was temperature dependent and described by Fick’s equation. The effective diffusivity varied from 3.87 × 10−10 to 1.55 × 10−9 m2/s and 4.43 × 10−10 to 1.89 × 10−9 m2/s with drying temperature for untreated and pretreated ginger slices, respectively.

Economic Development and Structural Change

During the last two decades, Turkey implemented a number of structural adjustment programmes, and changed the economic structural priorities from agriculture to manufacturing sectors. However, agricultural sector has still remained as the most important sector in terms of employing almost 29.5% of total employment in the economy. Despite this situation share of agricultural production in total value added has drastically declined. This research aims to enlighten changing role of agricultural sector in Turkish economy. In doing so, we employ input—output model, in which sectoral inter-linkages can be defined. Our research uses input—output tables from 1968 to 2002 and analyzes the importance of agricultural sector basing upon the forward and backward linkages calculated under different hypothetical cases. Therefore, we can examine the changes in total production in the economy. Through such a sensitivity analyses, we are able to investigate the extent of which other sectors rely on the production of the agricultural sector.

The overview of Government subsidies to agriculture sector in India

The agriculture subsidies are integral part of the farmers life in India. The agriculture subsidies plays very important role in agriculture sector in every country. The every year's government of India spends lot of money in various agriculture subsidies for growth of agriculture sector. The total arable & permanent cropland is 169,700 thousand hectors in India. The authors used only secondary data for research. This paper basically focuses on overview of agriculture subsidies in India with help of provisions of funds for agriculture in five years plans and annual budget. The authors also study types of agriculture subsidies and distribution criteria in India. Last few years the percent investment in agriculture sector is increases & percent of agriculture subsidies is decreases in India. To know the percentage agriculture subsidies in developed countries and developing countries, also number of dependent on agriculture sector. Keyword- Agriculture, Annual budget, Five years plan, Investment & Subsidies I. Introduction Indian Government play vital role in agriculture sector development. The government role is diverse and varied. Some of the cited reasons for vital role are self-sufficiency, employment creation, support to small- scale producers for adopting modern technologies and inputs, reduction of price instability and improvement of the income of farm households. This vital role can take a number of forms such as import-export policies and domestic policies like price support programmes, direct payments, and input subsidies to influence the cost and availability of farm inputs like credit, fertilizers, seeds, irrigation water, etc. Of all the domestic support instruments in agriculture, input subsidies and product price support are the most common. Various benefits are cited in justifying input subsidies: economic, environmental and social (World Bank 2008). Input subsidies can bring economic benefits to society. Inputs like fertilizers, irrigation water and electricity have a significant share in agricultural subsidies in India and fertilizer subsidy has attracted much attention of policymakers, and researchers in the recent past. An agricultural subsidy is a governmental financial support paid to farmers and agribusinesses to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of such commodities. A subsidy, often viewed as the converse of a tax, is an instrument of fiscal policy. Derived from the Latin word subsidium, a subsidy literally implies coming to assistance from behind. The objective of subsidies, by means of creating a wedge between consumer prices and producer costs, lead to changes in demand/ supply decisions. The forms of subsidies are a cash payment to producers/consumers is an easily recognizable form of a subsidy. However, it also has many invisible forms. Thus, it may be hidden in reduced tax-liability, low interest government loans or government equity participation. If the government procures goods, such as food grains, at higher than market prices or if it sells as lower than market prices, subsidies are implied 1.1) Review of Indian Agriculture Sector Indian agriculture has an extensive background which goes back to 10 thousand years. At present, in terms of agricultural production, the country holds the second position all over the world. In 2009, agriculture and it contributed 16 % of the Gross Domestic Product of the country. In addition, the sector recruited about 52% of the entire manpower. In spite of the fact that there has been a gradual fall in its contribution to the gross domestic product of the country, agriculture is currently the biggest industry in India.

Performance of e-Governance in Indian Economy

E-Governance or “electronic governance” is defined as the delivery of Government services and information to the public, using the electronic means including the dissemination of information to the people and the agencies. In India the concept ‘e-governance’ began with National Informatics Center’s efforts to connect all district headquarters though computers in 1980s. In 2002 it further proposed the setting up an Indian portal for public access to information on various aspects of government functioning. e-governance promotes the efficiency, enforces accountability, brings transparency in the working of the government system and reduces time delays; All important government policies are useful to people, e-governance also beneficial to the citizens. It involves technology, policies and infrastructure. This paper reveals the performance of e-governance in India in the context of its role in Agriculture sector, rural development and promoting social welfare.

ANALISIS IDENTIFIKASI DAN PERANAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH DI KABUPATEN CILACAP

This study aimed to identify agriculture sector and sub-sector for region developing; to know of role of agriculture sector and sub-sector for region developing in Cilacap Regency. The used descriptive method, then the data analyze were Location Quotient (LQ) Approach, Income Multiplier effect, and Labour Multiplier effect. The research used secondary data, it was Gross Domestic Regional Product of Central Java and Gross Domestic Regional Product of Cilacap Regency based on 2000 constant price along the year of 1999 to 2003 and the labor of Cilacap Regency. The result of the research shows: the basic sectors of Cilacap Regency are manufacture industry, trading, hotel and restaurant sector. The contribution of agriculture sector in Cilacap Regency can be known from the Income Multiplier Effect along the year of analysis. In the labor side shows that the capacity of agriculture employment field more increase and so does the contribution of agriculture sector for the employment in Cilacap Regency.