Effect Of Role Models Research Articles

An Exploratory Analysis of Long-Term Effects of Role-Model Volunteering on Young Adults

This study explores the long-term effect of parental role-modeling of volunteer behaviors as children age into adulthood. Although previous research indicates a relationship between concurrent parental and child volunteering, there is very little work that explores the long-term effect of parental volunteering (during a child’s adolescent years) on their adult children. We merged several modules of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics that allowed for significant granularity to explore this question. We found evidence that parental role-modeling during an individual’s adolescent years is associated with higher rates of young adult volunteering. Our findings are intended to provide practical insight to nonprofit organizations on how to strengthen and maintain volunteer rosters.

Teacher vaccinations enhance student achievement in Pakistan: The role of role models and theory of mind

We provide experimental evidence that role models can galvanize prosocial actions amid global crises, exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. In a randomized control trial comparing role models, cash incentives, and celebrity endorsements, only role models successfully mitigated vaccine reluctance and ameliorated pandemic-induced educational setbacks. Monthly tracking of vaccination status was achieved via QR-code-verified certificates. Theory-of-mind behavioral data on the mentalizing of others shed light on the mechanism underlying the role model effect. This research, from Pakistan, suggests how role models and theory of mind have the potential to play a role in tackling global challenges.

Service Delivery In Insurance Companies: Does Cultural Alignment Matter?

Background: In the last decade, Kenyan insurance companies have faced increased competition, changing consumer needs, and globalization which have potential adverse effects on service delivery. Despite the various initiatives that have been undertaken to resolve such challenges, there is evidence of delays in the processing of insurance claims, low claims settlement ratio and policy processing time. Therefore, this research focused was examining how cultural alignment impact service delivery within the Nairobi City County insurance industry in Kenya. It was anchored on, theory of dynamic capabilities, and service delivery dynamic theory. Employing a descriptive research design, the study encompassed 56 insurance companies, with a target population of 203 functional heads in finance, marketing, human resources, and customer service across these firms. Materials and Methods: Slovin's formula was employed to help determine the appropriate sample size while a combination of simple random and stratified random sampling were utilized in drawing the respondents. For gathering of data, structured questionnaire was deployed for both the piloting and actual undertaking of the research. The piloting was conducted in Britam Insurance Company with a sample size of 10%. The research instruments yielded both quantitative and qualitative data that was then analyzed appropriately for a comprehensive exploration of the possible statistical links among the variables. Descriptive results were then presented through frequency distributions, means, percentages, standard deviations and means. Deeper analyses involving inferential tests like the regressions tests were then performed to examine the presence or absence of statistical associations among the variables. Findings were summarized in bar charts, tables and pie charts. Results: The study found that cultural alignment was established to positively influence delivery of services among the insurance companies. Conclusion: The study therefore made recommendations on the need to conduct regular training sessions to ensure clarity and transparency in decision-making, fostering a collaborative culture that empowers employees at all levels. In addition, leaders should actively model desired behaviors and traits, creating a role model effect that encourages employees to embody these values

Impact of Teaching Efficacy of Chinese PE Teachers with Experience as a National Team Athlete on Students' Intentions to Exercise: The Mediating Effect of Role Models and Role Satisfaction

Impact of Teaching Efficacy of Chinese PE Teachers with Experience as a National Team Athlete on Students' Intentions to Exercise: The Mediating Effect of Role Models and Role Satisfaction

Beyond gender: the intersectional impact of community demographics on the continuation rates of male and female students into high school physics

This study examines the complex interplay of gender and other demographics on continuation rates in high school physics. Using a diverse dataset that combines demographics from the Canadian Census and eleven years of gendered enrolment data from the Ontario Ministry of Education, we track student cohorts as they transition from mandatory science to elective physics courses. We then employ hierarchical linear modelling to quantify the interaction effects between gender and other demographics, providing a detailed perspective on the on continuation in physics. Our results indicate the racial demographics of a school’s neighbourhood have a limited impact on continuation once controlling for other factors such as socioeconomic status, though neighbourhoods with a higher Black population were a notable exception, consistently exhibiting significantly lower continuation rates for both male and female students. A potential role model effect related to parental education was also found as the proportion of parents with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degrees correlates positively with increased continuation rates, whereas an increase in non-STEM degrees corresponds with a reduced student continuation rate. The most pronounced effects are school-level factors. Continuation rates in physics are very strongly correlated with continuation in chemistry or calculus — effects that much stronger for male than female students. Conversely, continuation in biology positively correlates with the continuation of female students in physics, with little to no effect found for male students. Nevertheless, the effect sizes observed for chemistry and calculus markedly outweigh that for biology. This is further evidence that considering STEM as a homogeneous subject when examining gender disparities is misguided. These insights can guide future education policies and initiatives to increase continuation rates and foster greater gender equity and inclusivity in physics education.

Getting across the finish line: how to boost completion rates for underrepresented student groups

ABSTRACT There remains a gap in college completion rates for Black and Hispanic students. Universities have focused on creating a diverse student body (peer effects), a diverse faculty (role model effects) and on providing resources to boost completion rates. This paper tests these effects in a panel data set of 9800 observations from 1493 universities over 2011–2018. Regression results show peer effects disappear when role model effects are included suggesting that previous literature testing only peer effects could be suffering from omitted variable bias. Faculty salaries and the percentage of full-time faculty are also highly significant in helping close the gap.

경찰공무원의 퇴직준비역량과 교육참여도가 경제활동의지에 미치는 영향

Today's aging population and extension of life expectancy are increasing the economic activities intention after retirement through partial retirement. This is because the age of physical health has been extended by 20 to 30 years compared to the past, due to advancements in medical technology and self-management. This study analyzes the influence of the retirement competencies and educational experience of police officiers on economic activity intention. Additionally, it analyzes the moderated effect of role models. For this study, an online survey was conducted using a questionnaire among 348 police officer.The statistical analysis software used was SPSS 24.0. It involved factor analysis, reliability testing and multiple regression analysis to verify the hypotheses. The research results were as follows. First, as a result of examining the effect of retire competencies on economic activity intention, it was found that among the retire competencies factors, financial management and digital competencies had a significantly positive effect on economic activity intention. Second, educational experience had a significantly positive effect on economic activity intention. Third, financial management and educational experience had a significantly positive effect on economic activity intention according to roll model.

Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Role Models on Students’ Opportunity Recognition for Sustainable Development in Sustainable Entrepreneurship Education

The transformation toward a sustainable economy is considered one of the most effective measures to accelerate the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. Sustainable entrepreneurs contribute to this transformation by identifying and exploiting business opportunities based on sustainability challenges such as biodiversity loss. Recognizing a business opportunity to achieve sustainable development characterizes the beginning of the sustainable entrepreneurial process. Sustainable entrepreneurship education (SEE) aims to foster skills, knowledge, and attitudes to accomplish tasks within this complex process. Role models are a common pedagogical instrument in educational settings, such as SEE at higher education institutions, where sustainable entrepreneurs are integrated into the curriculum to enhance learning outcomes. Given the limited research on SEE for secondary education, an exploratory study is conducted to investigate the effects of sustainable entrepreneurial role models on opportunity recognition for sustainable development. A total of 136 secondary school students participated in a program that guided them through the first steps of the sustainable entrepreneurial process. A total of 68 students were non-randomly assigned to sustainable entrepreneurial role models, providing support and feedback. During the program, groups of 3–5 students generated opportunity ideas (n = 35) for sustainable development. The quality of the opportunity ideas is explored by a qualitative content analysis. The obtained data is further analyzed for statistical group differences. The findings indicate the potential positive effects of sustainable entrepreneurial role models on idea generation for sustainable development. The results can advise educators and researchers on the design and investigation of SEE for secondary education.

Examination of Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers' Beliefs on Physical Education Profession

This research examines pre-service physical education teachers' (PPETs’) beliefs on the physical education profession (BPEP). A convergent mixed-method research design was administered. The descriptive information form, PPET-BPEP, and open-ended questions were used to collect the data. 218 PPETs’ studying in PETE program and pedagogical formation certificate program participated in this research. Non-parametric tests were used for quantitative data, and content analysis was used for qualitative data. While gender did not differ significantly between the programs, there was a significant difference in the "value of PE profession" sub-domain. There is a substantial difference between those whose first career choice is PE teacher and those who don't, and those who want to become a PE teacher after graduation and those who don't. Those whose first career choice is PE teaching tend to this profession for reasons such as having an athlete identity, dream job, role model effect, and a desire to make children love and teach sports. Those who want to be a PE teacher after graduation stated the following reasons for their preference: want to endear sports to children, love and want to take care of children, dream job, want to explain the importance of the profession, want to be involved in sports and some features of the work. In conclusion, it is recommended that more research should be done on PPETs’ beliefs on the PE profession.

Self-efficacy to entrepreneurship intention: Role of entrepreneurial passion and role models

This study investigates the effects of self-efficacy, entrepreneurial passion, and role models on entrepreneurship intention. The research is conducted through a survey method and multivariate data analysis. Students at a number of universities in Vietnam were sent questionnaires to complete in order to gather data. 446 valid sample data were assessed using a structural equation model. The findings show that: entrepreneurship intention is positively influenced by self-efficacy; self-efficacy positively affects entrepreneurial passion; entrepreneurial passion strongly influences entrepreneurship intention; entrepreneurial passion mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurship intention; role models act as a moderator in the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurship intention. The study suggests measures that universities can create in specific contexts and cultures to support the business activities of university students. This will add positive energy for students to enter the entrepreneurial path as well as nurture creative talents Further research is encouraged using a longitudinal design to examine the determinants of entrepreneurship intention at two or more different points in time.

Reading In‐Between: How Women Engage with Messages of ‘Superstar’ Business Role Models

AbstractWith role models being seen as central for developing women as leaders, recent research has been critical of messages that contemporary elite businesswomen role models promote. But how do women actually relate to female business ‘superstar’ role models’ messages? We argue that the implicit assumption that role models’ effects may be understood through exploring exclusively the kind of messages they send is problematic. Through introducing active audience theory, specifically de Certeau's concepts of ‘tactics’ and ‘strategy’, to analyse interviews with women who read autobiographies of business celebrity role models, we identify three key tactics in which female role aspirants engage with role models’ messages: tactics of confirmation, namely a selective adoption of intended messages; tactics of challenge, namely a contestation of messages; and tactics of change, through which unscripted meanings of collective consciousness and support for other women emerge. In doing so, the paper offers a novel way of theorising the influence of distant role models – as emerging from a process of co‐creation in the ‘in‐between’ space. We argue that theorising the role of models’ influence as co‐creation allows us to systematically incorporate role aspirants’ perceptions into the role‐modelling process and to further understand the unscripted and unforeseen effects of role models.

Analysis of entrepreneurs’ motivations and role models for growth expectations in the time of coronavirus

The change in life and professional conditions in 2020 has impacted the growth expectations of new firms. Based on a sample of more than 20,000 people coming from the Spanish Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for 2019 and 2020, we analyze the effect of entrepreneurs’ motivations and social role models on the growth expectations of new firms using a binomial logit model. The results show that, as a consequence of the institutional conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, entrepreneurs only take into consideration the economic projections of the new firm in order to take the risk of hiring employees in the early stage of the firm’s creation. However, experienced entrepreneurs involved in the consolidating stage of the entrepreneurial process have more ambitious motivations, and take advantage of their knowledge derived from peer role models in order to face the new opportunities arising during the pandemic. The effect of motivations and role models on firms’ growth also differ between men and women.

Path to success: female leaders in German neurosurgery

Despite advances in gender equality, only 6% of German neurosurgical departments are currently led by women. With regard to their pioneering work and the importance of their role model effect, we aimed at reporting on the career pathways of the present and former female chairs of neurosurgical departments in Germany. We approached current and former female chairs in German neurosurgery and gathered descriptive information on their ways into leadership positions through structured interviews. Data were obtained from 16/22 (72.7%) female neurosurgical chairs, aged between 44 and 82 years. They completed their training within 6.5 ± 0.6 years, and it took them further 14.5 ± 5.9 years between training completion and chair acquisition. Having obtained their chair positions between 1993 and 2020, six (37.5%) of them have retired or changed career tracks. Of ten (62.5%) chairs still practicing, two are directors of university departments. Twelve (75.0%) hold professorships. Nine chairs (56.3%) are married, eight (50.0%) having children. Five chairs reported having experienced gender-based discrimination. Twelve had a male mentor or role model, two had a female role model, while only one had a female mentor. This study characterizes the to date small number of female neurosurgical chairs in Germany and their paths to neurosurgical leadership positions. In future, these should become historical in order to perceive the presence of women in leadership positions as self-evident normality, reflecting our society. However, further analyses comparing paths of both female and male neurosurgical chairs are necessary to explore gender-based differences in achieving neurosurgical leadership positions.

Charitable giving role-modeling: parenttransmission frequency and adolescent reception.

Experiments indicate that adult role-modeling of giving has a causal effect on giving done by children, but a previous investigation using data from a natural setting suggests zero causal effect of parent role-modeling on their adolescents' giving. This article presents new evidence about the divergent findings: (i) parent giving does not automatically translate into adolescents knowing that their parents give, and (ii) adolescents are much less likely to know that their parents give if parents give from time-to-time. The results suggest new experimental designs that randomize (a) the frequency of role-modeling, (b) communication approaches that explain role-modeling actions to children, and (c) whether the receiving organization is in-group or out-group. The practical implications of the results are that frequent giving by a parent is necessary for adolescents to successfully 'receive' the role model, but may not be sufficient. Purposeful communication is needed to ensure that adolescents know that their parents are giving.

How role models can diversify college students in STEM: A social-cognitive perspective

ABSTRACT Bandura’s research on observational learning laid the foundation of role model research. Contemporary research shows role models support women and racial/ethnic minority students in STEM by buffering them from the deleterious effects of stereotype threats and boosting their self-efficacy. However, certain characteristics can make role models more or less influential. Thus, it is important to understand when and how role models influence minoritized students’ motivation in STEM. In this article, we (a) review Bandura’s theory of observational learning and its links to role modeling, (b) discuss the characteristics and mechanism of role models, and (c) make 3 recommendations for promoting the effectiveness of role models as an important way to diversify STEM.

Analysis of engineering and construction students’ perceptions to explore gender disparity

ABSTRACT Gender disparity is an enduring problem in engineering and construction (EC) areas. The main purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of female students in EC programs in the US toward factors impacting their situations and investigate barriers to their academic and professional paths. A quantitative research method was used to measure the perception of participants. In the first phase of this project 369 students participated in a paper-based survey. The results emphasized the effect of role models, by engineering students. The results also highlighted several similarities and differences between male and female students in regard to factors impacting the selection of major and career, such as career characteristics, familiarity with the industry, expected growth, and discrimination that facilitate or impede women’s presence in educational and professional positions.

Female Enrollment in Higher Education in India: Does Hostel Accommodation Play a Role?

The current study contributes to the literature of higher education in India at the institutional level by investigating the impact of hostel accommodation on female enrollment. State-wise panel data regression analysis reveals that while hostel accommodation has no impact on the gross enrollment ratios of female students in general, it significantly and positively impacts the enrollment ratios of females belonging to specific marginalized social groups, that is, Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Castes. This underscores the heterogeneity within female students pursuing higher education. Additionally, regression findings highlight a positive influence of the share of teachers belonging to marginalized social groups on the corresponding female gross enrollment ratios, thereby lending support to the “role model effect.”

Review: Women in plant disease management

Women first began to take a stance in science over 50 years ago, and since then, they have produced a great number of publications. However, the first step towards science was a matter of accrediting women as rightful members of the scientific community. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, women started to enter into graduate programmes, and such a step helped them to make a difference. In many cases and many countries, botanists and mycologists were, in some way, pioneering in the plant pathology discipline. This manuscript considers some of the women who led the way in plant pathology, with a special focus on those who also dealt with the early aspects of plant disease management. Women who were active in different geographical areas are featured, and an attempt has also been made to provide some less well-known stories. Moreover, the importance of women behind the scenes, as is the case for many lab and field technicians, whose lives have not been chronicled, is acknowledged. Finally, some suggestions are given on how to improve the present situation and increase the number of women in science as well as in technical positions, with special emphasis on the positive effect of female mentors and role models.

Improving family health climate, effect of role modeling and maternal support in female students

IntroductionGirls can use their mother’s emotional, informational and behavioral support to perform healthy behaviors due to their constant access to their mothers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of role modeling and maternal support in the family to improve healthy behaviors and perceived Family Health Climate (FHC) in female students.MethodsIn this educational quasi-experimental study, 261 female students (133 in the intervention group and 128 in the control group) and 223 mothers (109 intervention and 114 control) were selected using the cluster multi-stages sampling method and entered the study. Participants (intervention and control groups) completed the FHC scale at three stages (before intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 2 months after intervention). A training program that comprised 12 sessions for students and six sessions for their mothers using collaborative learning techniques and printed materials was conducted with the experimental group. Also after completing the questionnaire in the follow-up phase, pamphlets and educational videos were given to the control group. Data were analyzed using SPSS20 via a chi-square test, independent t-test, and Repeated Measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05.ResultsBefore the intervention, there was no significant difference between demographic variables and the score of the FHC scale in both groups (p < 0.05). Immediately and 2 months after the intervention, the experimental group (female students and their mothers) showed a significant increase in dimensions of FHC, including FHC-NU (Family Health Climate-Nutrition) and FHC-PA (Family Health Climate-Physical Activity), compared to the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsEducating and informing mothers about the impact of their role modeling on their children, especially girls, can make them more aware of health-oriented behaviors towards their children. Such findings reinforced the importance of focusing on actions to encourage a healthy lifestyle (healthy diet and physical activity) in students with a focus on role modeling and parental support, especially mothers.

Empowering women in STEM: a scoping review of interventions with role models

ABSTRACT Exposing women and girls to female role models is considered essential to break down gender-stereotypical beliefs on STEM interest and engagement. However, evidence remains controversial regarding the efficacy of these interventions. Here, we provide a scoping review of fifty-seven empirical studies that considers information about: (1) research type, (2) target, (3) type of intervention, (4) role models’ characteristics, (5) variables of interest and (6) effects of the study. Our findings show that research is considerably heterogeneous in terms of role models, interventions, variables of interest and effects. Role models are frequently female STEM professionals or a mixed-gender group of STEM workers. Interventions mainly consist of asking participants to read a brief article about the role model and the effect of being exposed to a role model is mostly tested on participants’ characteristics, e.g. attitudes toward STEM and performance. This heterogeneity comes at a price, i.e. it is difficult to understand the effectiveness of role models’ exposure. Future research should focus on whether and how the heterogeneous characteristics of role models influence the efficacy of these interventions.