Role Modeling Behaviors Research Articles

High-value care modeling: Evaluating cost conscious and potentially wasteful behaviors.

42 Background: Value-based care is key to decreasing waste, addressing increasing healthcare costs, and minimizing patient financial toxicity - especially in the treatment of high-cost diagnoses such as cancer. Medical student exposure to role-modeling of high-value care (HVC) behaviors may help shape professional identity formation and have long-term effects on future practices. Our study aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of faculty role-modeling of HVC in medical student core clinical rotations. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was performed with third- and fourth-year medical students on clinical rotations at 11 U.S. medical schools. The survey assessed thirteen variables associated with cost conscious role-modeling behaviors or potentially wasteful role-modeling behaviors, as well as questions characterizing the rotation such behaviors were observed on, demographic information, and organizational culture around HVC. Results: Cost-conscious role-modeling behaviors were observed “sometimes” or “often” between 52.9-70.5% of the time across all clinical rotations, with the exception of observing a student or resident being praised for ordering a cost-effective diagnostic work-up (seen only 25.7% of the time). Potentially wasteful role modeling behaviors were observed “sometimes” or “often” 5%-14.3% of the time, except simultaneously ordering numerous tests before seeing results of initial screening tests (45.1%) and repeating tests rather than attempting to obtain recently performed test results (42.9%). HVC was most often observed on internal medicine rotations (58.3%) and least frequently on surgery rotations (34.5%). Attendings were significantly more likely to model HVC compared to residents/fellows in 5/7 domains. Organizational culture correlated with frequency of HVC behavior observed. Conclusions: HVC role-modeling behaviors, as observed by medical students, are variable across clinical rotations. HVC practices are essential not only within oncology, but across all medical specialties; future studies should strive to identify factors which promote or inhibit HVC modeling and understand differences between HVC education in undergraduate medical curriculum.

The interplay between the proposer's role model and moral behavior modulates proposal processing in the Ultimatum Game: An ERP study

Economic decision-making plays a paramount role in both individual and national interests. Individuals have fairness preferences in economic decision-making, but a proposer's moral-related information may affect fairness considerations. In prior ERP studies, researchers have suggested moral identity influences fairness preferences in the Ultimatum Game (UG), but there are discrepancies in the results. Furthermore, whether role models (individuals whom someone else looks to help decide suitable behaviors), who can modulate people's moral standards, can affect fairness concerns in UG is still understudied. To address the questions, we selected the moral-related statements by eliminating those with illegal information and employed the ERP technique to explore whether the interplay of the proposer's role model and moral-related behavior influenced fairness processing in the modified UG and the corresponding neural mechanisms. We mainly found that the aforementioned interaction effect on proposal considerations in UG could be mirrored in both rejection rates and P300 variations. The results demonstrate that the interaction between the proposer's role model and moral behavior can modulate fairness concerns in UG. Our current work provides new avenues for elucidating the time course of the influencing mechanism of fair distributions in complicated social environments.

'Role Model Moments' and 'Troll Model Moments' in Surgical Residency: How Do They Influence Professional Identity Formation?

Role models are powerful contributors to residents' professional identity formation (PIF) by exhibiting the values and attributes of the community. While substantial knowledge on different attributes of role models exists, little is known about their influence on residents' PIF. The aim of this study was to explore surgical residents' experiences with role models and to understand how these contribute to residents' PIF. Adopting a social constructivist paradigm, the authors used a grounded theory approach to develop an explanatory model for residents' experiences with role models regarding PIF. Fourteen surgical residents participated in individual interviews. The authors iteratively performed data collection and analysis, and applied constant comparison to identify relevant themes. Role model behavior is highly situation dependent. Therefore, residents learn through specific 'role model moments'. These moments arise when residents (1) feel positive about a moment, e.g. "inspiration", (2) have a sense of involvement, and (3) identify with their role model. Negative role model moments ('troll model moments') are dominated by negative emotions and residents reject the modeled behavior. Residents learn through observation, reflection and adapting modeled behavior. As a result, residents negotiate their values, strengthen attributes, and learn to make choices on the individual path of becoming a surgeon. The authors suggest a nuance in the discussion on role modelling: from 'learning from role models' to 'learning from role model moments'. It is expected that residents' PIF will benefit from this approach since contextual factors and individual needs are emphasized. Residents need to develop antennae for both role model moments and troll model moments and acquire the skills to learn from them. Role model moments and troll model moments are strong catalysts of PIF as residents follow in the footsteps of their role models, yet learn to go their own way.

Teachers’ role model behavior and the quality of the student–teacher relationship as prerequisites for students’ attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties

IntroductionThe introduction of inclusive education in primary schools has raised many questions about the impact of teachers’ role model behavior on the social participation of students with learning difficulties. Based on the “theory of social referencing,” this study examines whether students’ attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties are predicted by perceptions of their teachers’ role model behavior and the quality of the student–teacher relationship in the classroom.MethodsA questionnaire was completed by N = 753 primary school students regarding their perceptions of the student–teacher relationship, their attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties, and their perceptions of teacher behavior toward students with learning difficulties.ResultsThe results of a structural equation model indicate that students’ attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties can be explained significantly by their perceptions of teacher behavior and their perceptions of the quality of the student–teacher relationship in the classroom. The effect of students’ perceptions of teacher behavior on their attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties is mediated by their perceptions of the student– teacher relationship. Thus, students focus more on teacher behavior when they perceive a positive student–teacher relationship.DiscussionOur findings emphasize the importance of teachers’ role model behavior in inclusive classrooms and offer opportunities to enhance the social participation of students with learning difficulties in inclusive primary school education.

Clinical mentorship of midwifery students: The perceptions of registered midwives.

Clinical mentors are experienced practitioners who play an important role in encouraging the professional development of students in clinical areas. The responsibility of clinical mentorship in nursing is often difficult to maintain. However, there is a dire need for clinical mentorship in maternity units, especially in South African hospitals were high maternal mortality rates remain alarmingly high. This study aimed to describe the perceptions of registered midwives regarding the clinical mentorship of midwifery students. The study occurred in a semi-rural state regional hospital in the eThekwini district, KwaZulu-Natal. A qualitative exploratory and descriptive design was conducted using in-depth individual interviews with midwives in maternity units. A purposive and convenient sampling method recruited 17 registered midwives from 3 maternity care areas within a single setting. Interviews were audio-recorded and all data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Five categories emanated from this study namely, sharing knowledge and skills; encouraging role model behaviour; promoting self-worth; Is a challenging task; and requiring additional support. Clinical mentorship has a reciprocal effect on teaching and learning in maternity care areas and encouraged registered midwives to lead as role-models. The process demands competence, professionalism, and leading by example. Despite the confidence, satisfaction and interest in clinical mentorship, registered midwives often find the process challenged by patient care priorities. Therefore, registered midwives require additional support to mentor students in clinical practice. This article shows that clinical mentorship places various challenges on registered midwives and formal mentorship training could be beneficial.

Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies to explore fathers’ perspectives of their influence on children’s obesity-related health behaviors

BackgroundIn nursing research and practice, there is a paucity of information about how fathers perceive their role in shaping their children’s health behaviors. Most studies on the parental factors affecting children’s health behaviors have focused on the role of mothers. However, recent studies showed that fathers’ health behaviors can influence those of their children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesize existing qualitative studies to explore fathers’ perspectives regarding how they influence children’s obesity-related health behaviors.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive meta-synthesis. To retrieve relevant articles, we used databases including PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Only qualitative studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals, targeting fathers of children aged 2–18 years, and focusing on fathers’ perspectives were included. All the quotes collected from the studies were reviewed and coded, and thematic analysis was used to derive themes.ResultsArticle screening and review yielded a total of 13 qualitative studies, from which the following themes emerged: (1) fathers’ parenting practices and role-modeling behaviors, (2) fathers’ roles in their relationships with their family members, and (3) fathers’ resource-seeking behaviors and contributions to their home food environment. Fathers were aware that their parenting practices and role-modeling behaviors could influence their children’s health behaviors. Furthermore, fathers recognized the importance of their relationships with family members, which was reflected in their family roles; that is, whether they took responsibility for childcare and household work, whether their parenting practices were similar to those of their spouses, and whether they involved their children in their activities. Fathers also reported their resource-seeking behaviors as well as their contribution to the home food environment, which affected their children’s health behaviors.ConclusionFathers’ perspectives on their influence on children’s health behaviors reveal their unique paternal role in influencing children’s health behaviors. Fathers’ perspectives could be incorporated into future nursing research to examine the relationship between fathers’ roles and children’s health behaviors to develop better health intervention programs.

The impact of leadership on the workplace learning of individuals and teams: a literature review and synthesis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review literature on the relationship between leadership and workplace learning, to critically analyze and discuss findings and to suggest future research paths based on the synthesis.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied a refined literature review process leading to a selection of 40 articles, which originated from 14 internationally acclaimed journals.FindingsWhen explaining leadership influence regarding individual and team learning, the concepts of role modeling behavior, relational support and negotiation of meaning is significant. If leaders provide support, show exemplary behavior and negotiate individual arrangements with employees, workplace learning development is positively affected.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should focus on empirical cases further illustrating how the leader–employee relationship is formed in practice, to further understand differences in leadership influence on employee workplace learning.Practical implicationsThe gathered knowledge implicates that carefully designed leadership training programs and personalized work arrangements between leader and employees are beneficial for leader’s ability to influence employee workplace learning.Originality/valueThe reviewed studies were solely published in top management journals, which resulted in an original literature selection. This study also discusses implicit or articulated assumptions about the view of learning in the selected studies, offering additional understanding about the underlying learning views in leadership–workplace learning research.

The role of parents in predicting gender‐stereotypic attitudes towards HEED occupations and gender‐stereotypic interest in these careers

AbstractThis study examined adolescents’ gender‐stereotypic attitudes towards HEED (Health care, Early Education, Domestic) occupations and gender‐stereotypic interest in HEED careers and the role of parental gender‐stereotypic attitudes, role model behaviour and socialization values. We used questionnaire data from 501 White Dutch families. Our results showed that adolescents’ gender‐stereotypic attitudes towards HEED predicted their stereotypic interest in these careers. Further, parental gender‐stereotypic attitudes, stereotypical role model behaviour and socializing values of self‐expression predicted adolescents’ gender‐stereotypic attitudes towards HEED. From these parental characteristics, only a stereotypic division of household tasks predicted boys’ lower interest in HEED careers. In conclusion, reducing gender‐stereotypic attitudes and, for boys, encouraging self‐expression seems important in fostering more male representation in HEED occupations and deserves more attention from policymakers, educators and parents.

Рецепции рэгтайма и танца медведя гризли в искусстве начала ХХ века

In this article, the author analyses the reception of the grizzly bear dance in the visual culture of the early 20th century. Such a study is relevant in the Russian discourse, since in recent years, there have been separate works on the reception of dance and music cultures in visual culture. In the grizzly bear dance, several characteristic trends of the early 20th century of the USA and Europe merged: fascination with the primitive, a desire to control moral behaviour, and the interpenetration of various cultural strategies of different countries. In this regard, it is important to analyse the visual representations of the grizzly bear dance in order to identify which specific social and cultural changes were reflected in the works of art on the theme of this dance. Analysing films, engravings and paintings dedicated to the grizzly bear dance, it is possible to identify those social changes that have undergone secondary reception in visual works. First of all, it is the connection of the dance with African culture, the personification of the bear with Africans due to cultural traditions and associations with other dances of the era. In addition, because of the obscenity of dance and violations of established dance norms, the bear dance has become a way of self-manifestation of a new female role-model behaviour. Music also played a great role in the jerky, cramped movements: the ragged rhythm of ragtime increased the uncontrolled spirit and “wildness” of the dance.

“You may think that the consultants are great, and they know everything, but they don’t”: exploring how new emergency medicine consultants experience uncertainty

BackgroundUncertainty is particularly obvious in emergency medicine (EM) due to the characteristics of the patient cohort, time constraints, and busy environment. Periods of transition are thought to add to uncertainty....

Blueprints for well-being: Modeling the way through Human-Centered Leadership and Pathway to Excellence.

Blueprints for well-being: Modeling the way through Human-Centered Leadership and Pathway to Excellence.

Improving the Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority-Identifying Trainees in Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Improving the Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority-Identifying Trainees in Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Strategies to Improve Teaching Point-of-Care Ultrasound at the Bedside.

Point-of care-ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming a core clinical skill in many medical specialties. Teaching POCUS at the bedside allows for observation of learners during actual patient encounters, provides a medium for role modeling skills and behaviors, and incorporates all core POCUS competencies. Nonetheless, bedside teaching can be time consuming and intimidating for learners and teachers, and the full benefits of teaching at the bedside can be difficult to attain. We provide strategies for improving bedside POCUS teaching based on our collective experience as medical educators and POCUS instructors at both the undergraduate and graduate levels in medical education.

Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals and the general population: Second important step in the fight against COVID-19.

This study aims at finding valuable information for predicting vaccination intentions against COVID-19 to guide future interventions to address hesitation. This observational study consists of 1010 volunteer health workers from the state hospitals in Bursa, and 1111 volunteers from the non-healthcare group, unvaccinated against COVID-19. In the study, the participants were asked about their sociodemographic information and reasons for refusing the COVID-19 vaccine by face-to-face interview. We classified the unvaccinated healthcare worker group as group 1, and the unvaccinated non-health workers group as group 2. Between groups 1 and 2, vaccination refusal, education level, income level, and pregnancy status were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The groups differed in the reasons for vaccine refusal and recommending vaccination to the relatives of those who refused vaccination (p < 0.001). Healthcare workers have priority among high-risk groups considered candidates for early vaccination. Therefore, it is important to consider health professionals' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination to better address barriers to widespread vaccination. The role of healthcare professionals is also important, as it encourages the entire community to be vaccinated with role-modeling behavior and advises patients and communities.

Prävalenz der Schulwegmobilität und des Spielens im Freien bei Kindergartenkindern in der Schweiz

Outdoor play and the daily way to school are considered as essential fields of experience for children to satisfy their motor needs, to gain increasing mobility and to establish social contacts. Although the kindergarten age is a central socialisation context in the active exploration of the environment, there have so far been only a few empirical findings on such activities of young children in Switzerland. Within the framework of a cross-sectional survey in the context of the MOBAK study, we therefore investigated how often 4-6 year olds (N = 1350, M = 5.7 years, SD = 0.57, 51.5% boys) practise these aspects of physical activity in their everyday life and wheter this outdoor play and active commuting differs depending on selected socio-demographic and regional characteristics. Overall, 67.0% of the children were physically active on their daily way to kindergarten and 59.0% played outdoors (almost) every day. The analysis shows that children from German-speaking regions, from urban communities and from parents who are active in sports were more likely to be physically active on their way to school. In addition, the frequency of outdoor play was also positively associated with the parents' level of sporting activity. The findings indicate that regional differences in mobility can already be detected at kindergarten age and that parents’ role model behaviour is also important for children's mobility and playing outdoors.

Perception of nurses, medical laboratory scientists, and midwives toward coronavirus vaccination in Khartoum State, 2021—a cross sectional study

Background: Nurses, medical laboratory scientists and midwives comprise a large portion of healthcare personnel. Healthcare personnel have an important role in guiding and encouraging patients and communities, and showing role modeling behavior. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and explore the perception of nurses, medical laboratory scientists, and midwives toward coronavirus vaccination. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted. Data were collected using an online Google form questionnaire. Demographic variables were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The association between independent variables and the decision of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were evaluated by binary logistic regression and Chi-square test. Results: In this study, 375 responses were collected, of which 324 (86.4%) were female. The majority of the participants (73.9%) were aged between 20 and 30 years. There were 160 (42.7%) medical laboratory scientists, 145 (38.7%) nurses, and 70 (18.7%) midwives. More than half of the participants (53.6%) accepted receiving vaccination against COVID-19. Results showed a positive correlation of vaccine acceptance with nurses, medical laboratory scientists, and midwives, suggesting that they are more likely to be vaccinated. Conclusion: There was a good perception towards COVID-19 vaccination, as 53.4% of the participants accepted receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, which is a good rate for acceptance. This finding has a positive impact on the whole vaccination process, as the recommendations of medical laboratory scientists, nurses, and midwives affect the behavior of the general population toward vaccination.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the role model apperception tool (RoMAT) in undergraduate nursing students.

Role modeling is one of the most influential components of teaching professional behaviors to nursing students. The Role Model Apperception Tool (RoMAT) was designed in the Netherlands to measure role modeling behaviors in clinical educators. The aim of this study was assess the psychometrics of the Persian version of this tool. In a methodological study, the Persian version of the RoMAT tool was developed using the forward-backward translation method. Face validity was confirmed through cognitive interviews, and content validity was done by a panel of 12 experts. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (n = 200), and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 142) was evaluated after the tool was completed online by undergraduate nursing students. Reliability was confirmed using internal consistency and test and retest methods. Furthermore, ceiling and floor effects were assessed. The two components of "professional competencies" and "leadership competencies" emerged with a cumulative variance of 62.01%, a reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 and 0.83, and an intraclass correlation of 0.9 and 0.78, respectively. It was concluded that the Persian version of the Role Model Apperception Tool is a valid and reliable tool and can be used to investigate the role modeling behaviors of clinical instructors of nursing students.

Bicycling as a Positive Youth Development Mechanism

Recreational activities are uniquely suited for the implementation of a positive youth development (PYD) approach, as they create space for youths’ physical, psychological, and social development. This may be especially true for vulnerable youth who face additional risk factors such as single parent homes and living in low-income communities. Momentum Bicycle Clubs (MBC), based in Greenville, South Carolina, use noncompetitive recreational bicycling as a mechanism to facilitate group mentoring opportunities for high-risk youth. MBC engage youth with their community while providing opportunities for leadership, building positive relationships, exercise, and learning new skills. This exploratory project’s purpose is to better understand the bicycle as a PYD mechanism through group mentoring by studying MBC program design, processes, and outcomes. Researchers identified three primary themes that indicated the bicycle provided youth opportunities to gain responsibility, confidence, and improved health. Sub themes provided additional context. For example, youth gained responsibility for their bikes and related equipment, as well as their individual and the group’s safety. MBC is an example of using individual specialized recreation equipment as an effective PYD mechanism that allows the program to meet more PYD desired outcomes than traditional programs. The bicycle rides differentiate the program dynamic from other PYD programs as the mentors are also group participants. This allows the mentors to share in the experience and role model behavior, which may foster stronger group identity and cohesiveness. Year-round asset intensive programs of this nature have management challenges, including sufficient resources (e.g., bicycle storage and maintenance), mentors willing to ride bicycles, as well as ensuring youth safety while riding. The resource challenges are met through extensive partnerships with government, nonprofit, and commercial agencies, which has also benefitted the program through a wider variety of mentors, adult role models, internship opportunities for the youth, and community knowledge about MBC. Safe bicycling is accomplished through extensive training, locating the clubs in areas with access to low traffic streets, and a 20-mile paved multiuse path. Lastly, since it is difficult to have meaningful conversations while riding, mentors must build in time before and after rides and at planned stops to facilitate the most meaningful mentor-mentee relationships.

R.E.A.C.T: A framework for role modeling anti-racism in the clinical learning environment

Purpose In 2020, medical schools across the U.S. were called to task by students who demanded a response to structural racism in medicine. Many medical schools made anti-racism declarations and pledged to promote more inclusive learning environments. Much of the focus was on changing the pre-clinical curriculum and less on the everyday interactions that occur in clinical settings. As medical educators, we have an obligation to reinforce statements of solidarity by role modeling behaviors that demonstrate anti-racism in clinical practice. Methods This article proposes a framework that provides practical steps for role modeling anti-racism in the clinical learning environment. These steps are drawn from a review of the literature on role modeling, constructs from Social Cognitive Learning Theory, and anti-racism praxis. Results The resulting framework uses the acronym R.E.A.C.T to describe practical steps that include Reflecting on implicit biases, Educating ourselves on historical and current forms of structural racism, Assessing the use of race in clinical practice and asking how racism is impacting a clinical interaction, Calling out behaviors that perpetuate racism, and Treating everyone with dignity and respect. Conclusions The R.E.A.C.T framework is of value to medical educators because it provides practical steps on role modeling anti-racism in the clinical learning environment. The framework calls medical educators not to merely passively ‘react,’ but to be introspective, proactive, and intentional in their response to racism. Examples are provided on how each step can be actualized and adapted for different learning environments.

Perilaku Model Peran Profesional dalam Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia

ABSTRACT Professionalism in nursing is constantly changing because of the nursing professional development and the values of the community. One important step in achieving and maintaining professionalism in nursing education is through Role modelling. This study was to identify professional role modelling behaviour in nursing education settings from the perspective of the students at a private faculty of nursing in Indonesia. This study applied an exploratory sequential with a mixed-method design that collected qualitative and quantitative data within two different phases. In the first phase, qualitative data were collected via open-ended questions from a total of 287 students. The qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis which then developed into a quantitative research questionnaire. The newly developed questionnaire was tested for its validity and reliability to 30 students (Cronbach Alpha 0.97). In the second phase, the 35 item questionnaire was developed and self-administered to undergraduate nursing students. Respondents provided opinions on a four point scale (strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree). A descriptive statistic was used to describe its item of the questionnaire. Total of 263 nursing students agreed to involve in the study. First Phase reveald categories of professional role modelling in nursing consist of guiding, willing to help, smart, caring, have love, commitment, competence, integrity and have the character of Christ, patient, disciplined. These categories were then developed into a role model questionnaire consisting of 35 questions. Second phase using the questionnaire most students (&gt;80%) agreed that nurse educators demonstrated professional role modelling behaviour in nursing education settings. However, few students disagreed, indicating that they witnessed unprofessional behaviour in their learning journey. This study has developed a number of characteristics of professional role modelling in nursing education settings that most students have agreed. These characteristics are essential and desirable for role models so they could assist nurse educators to strengthen needed characteristics within their institutions. Keywords: Professional, Role Modelling, Nurses