Role Modeling Behaviors Research Articles

Parental financial role modelling and fiscal behaviour of young home leavers

PurposeThis paper aims not only to provide an insight into the nature of the relationship between parental financial role modelling and consumption behaviour of young people, but also to explore the consumer socialization process that children undergo in the parent‐child dyad.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research in the form of personal in‐depth interviews was conducted in order to extract new knowledge and reach a greater understanding regarding the impact that this relationship may have on future consumption behaviours within the youth market.FindingsIt is clear that parents are able to exert a huge amount of influence over the financial behaviour of their children (although this obviously differs between families) and are able to do so through the informal teaching of financial lessons, by allowing children to observe their own financial patterns and by guiding their children through significant financial decisions by offering advice and approval (or disapproval) when asked. Key financial attitudes and behaviours of young home‐leavers are almost directly related to the parental financial education they received whilst growing up and still living at home and in many cases parental influence is still present even once the child has moved away from home and is responsible for making their own financial decisions.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough there are limitations, the present study does have implications for the impact parents can have on the spending behaviour of their children; it may be that the most important thing parents can do is teach their children about financial responsibility and successful consumer decisions at a young age so that they grow up with these life skills.Practical implicationsIn terms of practical implications, by identifying the specific areas where financial knowledge and awareness may be lacking, the research may help educational and financial institutions to design financial management courses in order to help young people achieve greater financial freedom.Social implicationsThe paper reveals the characteristics of the consumption relationship children enjoy with their parents, describing the role of financial education within families and conceptualising the various forms of consumption relationships that exist between young consumers and their parents.Originality/valueThe relationship between parental influence and youth consumption behaviour has already been identified using quantitative research methods but very little is known about the actual extent of this relationship, which is addressed by this paper.

Measurement development and validation of the Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior Short-Form (FSSB-SF).

Recently, scholars have demonstrated the importance of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB), defined as behaviors exhibited by supervisors that are supportive of employees' family roles, in relation to health, well-being, and organizational outcomes. FSSB was originally conceptualized as a multidimensional, superordinate construct with four subordinate dimensions assessed with 14 items: emotional support, instrumental support, role modeling behaviors, and creative work-family management. Retaining one item from each dimension, two studies were conducted to support the development and use of a new FSSB-Short Form (FSSB-SF). Study 1 draws on the original data from the FSSB validation study of retail employees to determine whether the results using the 14-item measure replicate with the shorter 4-item measure. Using data from a sample of 823 information technology professionals and their 219 supervisors, Study 2 extends the validation of the FSSB-SF to a new sample of professional workers and new outcome variables. Results from multilevel confirmatory factor analyses and multilevel regression analyses provide evidence of construct and criterion-related validity of the FSSB-SF, as it was significantly related to work-family conflict, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, control over work hours, obligation to work when sick, perceived stress, and reports of family time adequacy. We argue that it is important to develop parsimonious measures of work-family specific support to ensure supervisor support for work and family is mainstreamed into organizational research and practice.

Outcomes of Different Clerkship Models

To examine student perceptions and learning outcomes of three different third-year clerkship models: a yearlong, longitudinal, integrated clerkship (LIC); six-month clerkships with continuity (hybrid); and traditional, discipline-specific block clerkships (BCs). The authors compared the perceptions regarding the clerkship year and the hidden curriculum, as well as the pre- and postclerkship academic performance, of third-year medical students participating in LIC, hybrid, and BC models between 2006 and 2010. Generally, LIC students rated the following clerkship experiences higher than did the hybrid and BC students: faculty teaching, faculty observation of clinical skills, feedback, and the clerkship overall. Students in the LIC observed more positive role-modeling behaviors and had more patient-centered experiences than BC students. All students preferred to see patients more than once, work within a consistent site or system, and work with a stable group of peers and faculty mentors over time. Whereas students in both the LIC and the hybrid models outperformed their BC counterparts in clinical skills, student performance on the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam Step 2 (clinical knowledge) was equivalent across models. Key differences in student experiences and outcomes between the continuity clerkship models (LIC and hybrid) and BCs reinforce the literature and the educational framework for continuity in clinical learning. The benefits to student outcomes seem to increase with greater opportunities for continuity.

The Effect of Parental Involvement on Problematic Social Behaviors Among School-Age Children in Kentucky

This study examines the associations among parental active involvement and healthy role modeling behavior with social behavior among children in Kentucky and the nation. Data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health was used, limited to children 6-17years old. The dependent variable was a composite measure of problematic social behavior. Independent variables included parental involvement, parental healthy role modeling, and demographic variables. Chi square tests of independence were completed for bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were developed for Kentucky and the nation. The prevalence of problematic social behaviors in children was 10.4% in Kentucky and 8.8% in the nation. The parents of children in Kentucky who often exhibited problematic social behavior reported poor parent-child communication (50.4%), not coping well with parenthood (56.5%), parental aggravation (48.3%), and less emotional help with parenting (9.1%). The factor with the largest magnitude of association in Kentucky (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6, 24.5) and the nation (AOR=4.8; 95% CI: 3.3, 7.0) was observed for whether or not the parent communicated well with the child. Additional factors associated with problematic social behavior among children in Kentucky were living in a single parent, mother-led household, and having a parent with fair or poor mental health. Public health programs that target factors addressing the parent-child dyad, parent-child communication, and model healthy relationships may reduce the occurrence of problematic social behavior in 6-17-year-old children in Kentucky.

In Pursuit of the “Goldilocks Principle” - Finding the Right Fit Community-Level Intervention for Overweight Children: The YMCA and Seattle Children's Hospital Experience with Act! Actively Changing Together

For many families, perceived extremes of intensive weight loss programsmay be aversive. Since 2004, the ACT! Actively Changing Together program has aimed to strike a balance or “just right” level of participation to engage diverse, low-income families in healthy behavior changes, while also being affordable to continually operate in the community. Improvement efforts are ongoing to develop a sustainablemodel focused on secondary prevention. We evaluated outcomes after changes to the programweremade to increase sustainability, reach more youth and reduce costs. Between 2010-2011, youth aged 8-14 years and their parents enrolling in ACT! at 10 geographically and demographically diverse sites were eligible for this pre-post study. Groups met 90 minutes weekly for 12 weeks. Outcome measures assessed pre and post program included BMI z-score, health behaviors, quality of life (PedsQL), and fitness. Process measures included attendance and satisfaction. Group means were compared by paired T-test. From 100 youth, 73% percent completed the program (attending week 11 ). Complete pre-post data were available for 62 youth and 65 parents. BMI z-score decreased for 37% of youth, and stabilized for 48%. Parents’ report of their home nutrition and activity environments and role modeling behaviors improved (p 0.01). PedsQL youth (p 0.01) and parent (p 0.01) reports also improved. Overall results were comparable to data from the longer, more resource-intensive program (30 sessions).We found promising health and behavioral improvements among ACT! participants in a shorter version of our original program. ACT! successfully engaged families and can be readily disseminated in similar settings.

Mixed messages in learning communication skills? Students comparing role model behaviour in clerkships with formal training

Background: Medical students learn professional communication through formal training and in clinical practice. Physicians working in clinical practice have a powerful influence on student learning. However, they may demonstrate communication behaviours not aligning with recommendations in training programs.Aims: This study aims to identify more precisely what differences students perceive between role model communication behaviour during clerkships and formal training.Method: In a cross-sectional study, data were collected about physicians’ communication performance as perceived by students. Students filled out a questionnaire in four different clerkships in their fourth and fifth year.Results: Just over half of the students reported communication similar to formal training. This was especially true for students in the later clerkships (paediatrics and primary care). Good examples were seen in providing information corresponding to patients’ needs and in shared decision making, although students often noted that in fact the doctor made the decision. Bad examples were observed in exploring cognitions and emotions, and in providing information meeting patient's pace.Conclusions: Further study is needed on actual physician behaviour in clinical practice. From our results, we conclude that students need help in reflecting on and learning from the gap in communication patterns they observe in training versus clinical practice.

Professional and Ethical Decision-Making among Health Science Students: A Call to Action about Critical Thinking

A common approach to enhance professionalism among health science students calls for faculty and senior clinicians to role-model professional and ethical behavior. Role-modeling, however, overlooks the critical thinking skills that professional and ethical decisions require, a significant limitation because health science students frequently retreat to solely personal values to manage professional and ethical dilemmas without contemplating more thoughtful alternatives rooted in professional and ethical principles. In this commentary, we argue that faculty and senior clinicians must define and plainly demonstrate for health science students in the clinical phase of training the critical thinking process required for professional and ethical decision-making in clinical situations. To accomplish this task, we suggest that faculty and senior clinicians teach an application of the familiar SOAP method utilized to critically analyze clinical problems.

Mentoring Nurse Scientists to Meet Nursing Faculty Workforce Needs

Research indicates that mentoring has been highly effective in promoting faculty success. Strong mentors in the area of scholarship are extremely valuable for junior faculty, not only because of their research and academic expertise but also for their role modeling behaviors. This paper highlights key components of research mentoring used by a senior nursing faculty member. The senior faculty mentor and junior faculty mentee developed a common vision, relating to research interests in health promotion for vulnerable populations. Impact at the individual, school, university, and society level is discussed, and benefits of mentoring to meet nursing faculty workforce needs are emphasized.

Corporate Ethics And Ethical Behaviour: The Significant Function Of Top Management Role Modelling

Despite growing professional and academic interest in business ethics, moral lapses continue in the business sector, which suggests a need to rethink the efficiency of existing ethical strategies. That is, top management’s efforts to promote ethical behaviour among employees tend to focus on the implementation of explicit formal mechanisms, whereas in practice, more informal elements that communicate the true attitude toward ethics may be more useful and necessary. Thus top managers must work actively to make their personal ethics evident to influence the ethical behaviours of employees. Without a perception of ethics at the top, formal mechanisms likely fail to result in a more ethical workforce. This study therefore empirically analyses top managers’ role modelling behaviour along with the efficacy of their sanctioning dimension to promote ethical behaviour. Top management role modelling has a positively impact on employees’ ethics; sanctioning behaviour does not. These findings have critical practical implications, as well as promise for further research.

Differences in Physical Activity Penchance in Kinesiology Faculty Affect Role-Modeling Attitudes and Behaviors

Differences in Physical Activity Penchance in Kinesiology Faculty Affect Role-Modeling Attitudes and Behaviors

Dietary role‐modeling behaviors of classroom staff at childcare centers in North Carolina

The purpose of this study was to assess associations between dietary role-modeling behaviors of childcare classroom staff and center-level policies about staff dietary behaviors. Staff (n=148) behaviors were observed over 4 days at 50 centers. Directors reported center policies (written, unwritten but general practice, no policy) including staff dietary behaviors. At ~25% of centers, staff were observed eating fast food, candy, salty snacks, donut/pastry, and cookies at lunch/nap. At 50% of centers, staff drank a sweetened beverage at lunch/nap. At ~70% of centers, staff modeled healthful behaviors (e.g., told children fruits and vegetables taste good, sat with, ate same foods). Staff were more often observed eating less healthy foods at centers with: unwritten/no policy about food brought in by staff; written/no policy about staff role-modeling behavior, written/unwritten policy about encouraging healthy foods and discouraging unhealthy foods. Sweetened beverage consumption occurred more often with: unwritten/written policy about food brought in, encouraging healthy foods and discouraging unhealthy foods; and unwritten/no policy about staff role-modeling behavior. Staff role-modeling occurred more often at centers with written/unwritten policy about staff behaviors at mealtime. Results suggest policies alone may be insufficient to promote healthful dietary intakes among childcare staff.

Role model behaviors of nursing faculty members in Thailand

Being a role model is very important in order for nurse teachers to promote students' competence and confidence. This descriptive study aimed at exploring the role model behavior of nursing faculty members in Thailand. The Self-Evaluation Scale on Role Model Behaviors for Nursing Faculty (Thai version) was used to collect data from 320 nursing faculty members in eight schools of nursing, four university nursing schools, one college under the Ministry of Public Health, one under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, and two private schools of nursing. The results revealed that the mean score of the overall items in the role model behaviors of nursing faculty members in Thailand, as perceived by themselves, was at a high level. The scores on each subscale of the role model behaviors also were high and related to respect for students, enthusiastic and high-quality teaching activities, showing the value of nursing practice and the nursing profession, social appropriateness, and ongoing professional development. The results can be used to further develop nurse professionals and to improve the effectiveness of clinical teaching in Thailand.

Determinants of core value behavior in service brands

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of employees' core value behavior. For service brands, employees are most likely the most important vehicle in building and communicating brand core values. The paper aims to draw on two related theories on motivation to understand the basic psychological mechanisms involved, and to propose a set of hypotheses on determinants of core value behavior.Design/methodology/approachIn order to test the proposed model, a survey was conducted among employees in a Scandinavian bank. Regression analyses were used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsSupportive of the hypotheses, the study data suggest that attitude towards core values and role model behavior are significant determinants of core value behavior. Moreover, employee role satisfaction is found to be a key moderator of such behavior. Attitudes towards the values affect behavior only for less satisfied employees, whereas role model behavior influences behavior only for highly satisfied employees.Practical implicationsThe findings provide clear managerial implications in terms of how to stimulate core value behavior for employees both high and low in role satisfaction.Originality/valueThe present study introduces the concept of core value behavior (CVB) and represents the first empirical investigation on determinants of CVB for services brands. The study offers novel theoretical and empirical insight to an important, yet understudied topic in service marketing.

Tour Guides as Agents of Sustainability: Rhetoric, Reality and Implications for Research

Some authors and researchers have argued that tour guides are well-placed to foster sustainable tourism outcomes by, for example, communicating about and connecting clients with the natural and cultural environment and its values (via nature and heritage interpretation), and conveying, monitoring and role-modelling appropriate visitor behaviour in these environments. However, research that has contributed to assessing or enhancing the sustainability outcomes of tour guiding has been limited. Moreover, tour guides have had limited exposure to the use of theory, tools and techniques for optimizing the visitor experience and visitor-environment interaction within a sustainability framework. Not surprisingly, then, findings to date suggest that guides may not be fully realizing their potential to communicate and role-model sustainability in their tour content and practice. With the ever increasing pressure for tourism to enhance its cultural and ecological sustainability, this paper presents a timely examination of the theories and research that have been and can be used to harness tour guides as agents of sustainability. After examining some of the challenges that constrain research in this area, avenues for future research are presented that are both theory-driven and responsive to the realities and expectations placed on tour guides.

Role Model Behaviors of Nurses Noticed by Students during a Psychiatric Nursing Practicum

Role Model Behaviors of Nurses Noticed by Students during a Psychiatric Nursing Practicum

Role Model Behavior and Youth Violence: A Study of Positive and Negative Effects

The study investigated how role models’ behavior may positively or negatively influence African American early adolescents’ attitudes toward violence and violent behavior. Participants in this study included 331 African American seventh and eighth graders from low-income neighborhoods in an urban, Midwestern city. The study used a model developed and tested to assess the relationships between role model prosocial behavior, role model antisocial behavior, adolescents’ attitudes toward violence, and adolescents’ violent behavior. The model developed was assessed using structural equation modeling. Results revealed the following: (a) Role model prosocial behavior is indirectly related to less violent behavior through adolescents’ attitudes toward violence, (b) role model antisocial behavior is directly linked to increased violent behavior and indirectly linked to increased violent behavior through adolescents’ attitudes toward violence, and (c) role model antisocial behavior appear to have a stronger effect on African American early adolescents’ violent behavior than role model prosocial behavior. Possible explanations for study findings and implications are discussed.

Mentoring Nursing Leaders to Improve Health

Background: Research indicates that mentoring has been highly successful in promoting faculty success Mentoring in the areas of scholarship is important for individuals based on the stage in their career. Strong mentors for junior faculty are extremely valuable, not only because of their research and academic expertise, but also for their role modeling behaviors. Purpose: This poster presentation will highlight the key components of research mentoring used by an Endowed Chair senior faculty. Impact at the individual, school, college, and society level will be discussed for two specific junior faculty. Benefits of the mentoring will be emphasized. Methodology: A common vision between the junior faculty and mentor was developed relating to research interests in health promotion for vulnerable populations The mentor and junior faculty engaged in regular meetings to brain storm and discuss ideas in which their common research interests in women's health promotion and reducing health disparities intersected and complemented each other's research. Specific strategies that were used were coaching, feedback, focusing, planning, and networking. The mentor consistently provided positive encouragement, while demonstrating best practices for proposal development through her role modeling. Findings: Both faculty were successful in obtaining external funding in a seven month period. Dr. Flood received funding through Sigma Theta Tau International for promoting successful aging in the African American elderly population. The mentor role modeled exemplary strategies for planning and organizing a successful qualitative study Dr Coffman received funding through the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to conduct a study to improve health literacy and health care use in Latina women with type 2 diabetes. The mentor will continue to serve on this grant as the nursing faculty mentor. Summary Concluding Statement: Mentoring is an important strategy nursing leadership can use to facilitate the growth of our future nurse scientist to improve health status in vulnerable populations.

Role Model Behaviors of Visiting Nurse

Role Model Behaviors of Visiting Nurse

Gender Differences in Psychosocial Functioning Across Substance Abuse Treatment

The present study investigated gender differences in psychosocial functioning among clients mandated to substance abuse treatment. In the current study, 210 probationers' self reports of depression, anxiety, self esteem, decision-making, life beliefs, role modeling, cooperation, and AIDS risky behavior were gathered. Ratings were collected at intake as well as midway and toward the end of the residential phase of treatment. A series of growth curve models were used to examine changes in psychosocial functioning across these time periods. Improvements were recorded in several areas of psychosocial functioning over the course of treatment (including anxiety, depression, self esteem, decision-making, role modeling, and life beliefs). Importantly, significant gender by time interactions indicated that females showed greater rates of change than their male counterparts in such areas as self esteem, decision-making, and role modeling. The importance of psychosocial change and the implications of these gender differences are discussed.

Survey of Health Attitudes and Behaviors of a Chiropractic College Population

Objectives We gathered information about health behaviors on a chiropractic campus, including compliance with recent guidelines for exercise as well as diet, smoking, and binge drinking. We also assessed the perceived importance of the chiropractic physician in role modeling and teaching healthy behaviors to patients. Methods A survey instrument composed of 16 questions was designed and distributed to 279 students, faculty, and staff at a chiropractic college campus in northern California. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the process, and a response rate of 92% was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected. Results The levels of obesity, inactivity, and smoking on this college campus are lower than the levels reported for the metropolitan area, the state, and the nation. The level of binge drinking among our students was high but similar to the reported rates for college students generally. We found interesting and significant relationships between the behaviors of physical activity and diet (red meat consumption), obesity, and self-reported perceived health in our surveyed chiropractic college population. Without exception, all surveyed members of our campus community view doctors of chiropractic as having a responsibility to role model healthy behaviors and to educate their patients with regard to healthy behaviors; however, we also found that less importance was placed on role modeling and patient education by those who were obese or who consumed red meat in excess. Conclusions This chiropractic college campus places a high level of importance on both educating patients and role modeling healthy behaviors. In the behavioral domain, the rates of smoking, obesity, and inactivity are lower than what is seen in the general population. However, there remains room for considerable improvement to bring actual health behaviors closer in line with evidence-informed behavioral health practices.