Role In Unification Research Articles

Explanation, formal models, and rational choice

Formal theorists use a unified collection of models to generate intentional and causal explanations of political behavior. I explicate this claim and argue that disagreements about the role of unification and intentionality are at the root of persistent friction between theorists and empiricists. A debate around pathologies of rational choice theory is used to illustrate the argument.

Motion in Clifford Space

Clifford algebra as an approach of geometrization of physics plays a vital role in unification of micro-physics and macro-physics, which leads to examine the problem of motion for different objects. Equations of charged and spinning of extended objects are derived. Their corresponding deviation equations as an extension of geodesics and geodesic deviation of vectors in Riemannian geometry have been developed in case of Clifford space.

The History of International Associations of Museums of Medicine

The article considers history of activity of international associations of museums of Europe and North America from the moment of organization of the first International Association of Medical Museums existed from 1907 to 1955 and to the European association of Museums of History of Medical Sciences (since 1983) and the Association of Medical Museums (since 1985) both existing at the present time. The analysis is presented concerning their role in unification of scientific community, development of research methods, determination and reconsideration of professional concepts and also alterations of functions of medical collections and museums with the course of time and new trends in medical education, clinical and fundamental medicine and museum business. The existence and development of museum associations is compared with concept of three "museum revolutions": professionalization of museum sector (at the turn of XIX-XX centuries), orientation on education of broad masses of population (second half of XX century), establishment of principles of social inclusion and multi-culturality (beginning of XXI century). The method of study is analysis of such sources untranslated to Russian previously as archives of "Vestnik" and reports and also scientific publications of members of associations involved into their activities. The results of study determined possible directions of work related to coordination of activities of medical museums, development of scientific research and scientific education methods and exposition work. The conclusions are made about an important role of international associations in systematization of knowledge, organization of scientific activities and medical community, development of guidelines for regional museums and also organization of unified information space for workers of medical museums.

دور جماعات الضغط في عملية صنع القرار السياسي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية

A political system is a set of constitutional foundations, legal rules, regulations, and political structures associated with political decision making through which an authority exercises its power and maintains its existence. Political decision making, in turn, is the interpretation of political demands into decisions through a series of actions and interactions between political and other sub-social structures. Political demands emerge resulting from the processes of these interactions which are the interpretation of the "needs" and "interests" of social groups and classes. They are also related to the imbalance in the sub-social patterns or their mutual interactions. Political parties, lobby groups, political elites, media, public opinion and the research centers play a significant role in unification, articulation and formulation of interests related to political demands, where their significance and effectiveness vary according to the nature of the political and party systems. For this purpose, the relies on two methods of scientific research which are descriptive and analytical approaches. Given the problematic nature of the research and the main hypothesis which the study tries to demonstrate, the structure of the research is divided into three chapters including an introduction and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with the concepts and conceptual framework of lobby groups and the political decision-making process. The second chapter examines constitutional institutions in the United States of America. The third chapter and the last chapter are titled “The most influential means of lobbying in political decision-making in the USA

A Proposal for the Development of Personnel in the DPRK for Public Health and Medicine

The government of South Korea and its medical personnel must make a way by which health professionals who have escaped from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) can play a positive and practical role in unification and south-north medical unification while south-north authority talks on DPRK public health and medicine manpower development are not going smoothly. Medical personnel escaped from the DPRK have to be recruited for the interviewer of the national examination, to improve the accuracy of national examination interviews. For those medical professionals who have escaped from the DPRK with 6 years medical college education, but failed the interview on the national examination, we propose here a course of 3–6 months for them to have a right to apply the Korean Medical Licensing Examinations (KMLE). We also propose that medical professionals who have escaped from the DPRK who have graduated from a 6-year medical college in the DPRK and who are medical doctors over the fifth grade or with more than 6 years of experience can be qualified as unification medical doctors and be exempted from the KMLE, getting the right to go directly into an internship and residency. They should be permitted to work in manpower development projects for the health professions. They should also be given opportunities such as to become psychiatrists who treat the mental illness of persons escaped from the DPRK and people from North Korea after unification. Medical students in South Korea should earn college credits on the topic of medical unification and not only students, but all South Korean medical personnel, should prepare for north-south medical unification with an open mind. A way for each medical college to participate in DPRK manpower development for the health professions through a memorandum of understanding between the medical colleges of the south and north.

The Role of Unification in Micro-Explanations of Physical Laws

In the literature on scientific explanation, there is a classical distinction between explanations of particu- lar facts and explanations of laws. This paper is about explanations of laws, more specifically about micro- explanations of laws in physics. We investigate whether providing unificatory information has a surplus value in micro-explanations of physical laws. Unificatory information is information that provides ontolog- ical unification in the sense defined by Uskali Maki. We argue that providing unificatory information may lead to explanations with more explanatory power (we use Jim Woodward's concept of explanatory power for that) and that it may lead to more strongly supported explanations.

Adsorptive transformation of heat: Principles of construction of adsorbents database

Abstract Developing a database of adsorbents promising for adsorptive transformation of heat is very timely. This database would play an important role in unification of adsorbent properties, correct comparison of various adsorbents, theoretical analysis, mathematical modeling and brief estimation of heat transformation cycle performance. In this paper, we discuss principles of creating such database, consider the adsorbent properties which should be given there, and address the issues of their measurement and calculation. A tentative list of common and innovative adsorbents to be presented in the database is discussed as well.

Formation of the resource concept in Japan: pre-war and post-war efforts in knowledge integration

The objective of this paper is to trace the evolution of the resource concept in modern Japan by highlighting key individuals who played major roles in communicating this idea to a wider audience during its formation and development between the 1910s and 1950s. Special attention will be paid to the effect of different historical contexts on interpretations of the term “resource”. The paper reveals how the integration of knowledge indispensable for achieving sustainability occurs. The orientation of resource policy was drastically different before and after World War II. In the pre-war period, the military government used the resource concept to create a comprehensive inventory of the nation’s military forces, and “resource” was thus a convenient term to neutralize the aggressive connotations of top-down military mobilization. After the turn to democratic principles in 1945, “resource” suddenly acquired a symbolic meaning as a means to serve the people. Despite these contrasts, however, pre and post-war resource concepts share a commonality in that the government acted as the centralizing force, providing a platform to integrate disparate knowledge under the resource concept. At a time when society itself is more prone to fragmentation, the resource concept, which played a significant role in unification in the past, should be re-examined. The history of the concept in Japan, particularly during the pre and post-war period up until the 1950s, contains a wealth of insights as to how this can be achieved.

On Broca, brain, and binding: a new framework

In speaking and comprehending language, word information is retrieved from memory and combined into larger units (unification). Unification operations take place in parallel at the semantic, syntactic and phonological levels of processing. This article proposes a new framework that connects psycholinguistic models to a neurobiological account of language. According to this proposal the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) plays an important role in unification. Research in other domains of cognition indicates that left prefrontal cortex has the necessary neurobiological characteristics for its involvement in the unification for language. I offer here a psycholinguistic perspective on the nature of language unification and the role of LIFG.

Family Transitions for Young Adult Women in the Context of a Changed Germany

The authors examined the patterning of marriage and childbearing for female German young adults by comparing data independently collected in 1991 and 1996. The sample consisted of 20- to 29-year-old women from former East and West Germany. Results suggest that the timing of marriage and childbearing, but not the sequencing and duration between these two transitions, was altered after unification, particularly for Eastern females. Furthermore, personal experience variables predicted the particular sequencing of family transitions, however, only for Western females. The discussion focuses on the role of unification in shaping family transition patterns and considers reasons behind regional differences.

The Higgs field and its role in unification of scales

Assuming the inflation field in the early universe to be that of the Higgs scalar ϕ, an equation of state of the vacuum has been proposed and analysed. There is a remarkable possibility for a universal application of the equation to three different unification scales of energy during the epoch of the evolution of the early universe; an estimate of the upper bounds of the critical temperatures corresponding to the GUT, electroweak and quark hadronic phase transition scales has also been made along with the mass of the Higgs boson.

Nonsupersymmetric SU(5) Resuscitated by New Quarks and Leptons

The issue of gauge unification in the (non-supersymmetric) Standard Model is reinvestigated. It is found that with just an additional fourth generation of non-sequential and long-lived quarks and leptons, SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) gauge couplings converge to a common point of approximately 3.5x10^{15} GeV (corresponding to a proton lifetime of approximately 10^{34 plus/minus 1} years). This result is due to the non-negligible- but still perturbative- contributions of the top and fourth generation Yukawa couplings to the gauge two-loop beta functions, in contrast with the three generation case where such a contribution is too small to play an important role in unification.

On the role of unification in mechanical theorem proving

A generalization of the Skolem-Herbrand-Godel Theorem is stated and proved, clarifying the role of unification in resolution. It is shown that any of the pre-resolution theorem-proving procedures of the Davis and Putnam variety can be upgraded to incorporate unification.

A Test of Equality of Block-Diagonal Covariance Matrices and its Role of Unification

Summary Let Cb, b = 0, 1, …, B, be the class of all d-dimensional matrices (i.e. having d rows and d columns) with a block-diagonal structure, the blocks along the diagonal being the identity matrix of order d1b, and mjb repetitions of a symmetric dsb-dimensional positive-definite matrix σsb, s = 2, 3, …, Sb. One or more of the dsb's may be zero. The model specifies initially that observations Wb, b ⩾ 1, are independent Wishart matrices of nb degrees of freedom and expected value nb σb, σb ∈ Cb. The hypothesis H0 to be tested is that σb, b ⩾ 1, are all equal to a matrix σ0 in C0. It is assumed that C0⊂C1∩C2∩…∩CB. The likelihood-ratio test criterion is obtained. Several current multivariate test criteria are shown to be special cases, but they do not exhaust the cases that are useful. From the Mellin transform of the test criterion, a χ2 series, a χ2 approximation, a non-central χ2 series and a non-central χ2 approximation are derived for the null distribtion of the test criterion. The error in the non-central χ2 approximation is of the order of n−3b, while the error in the χ2 approximation is of the order of n−2b.

Letters to the Editor

The article in THE MATHEMATICS TEACHER for November 1967 by Herbert Fremont has at least one strong supporter. He has raised a question of pedagogical significance to all teachers not only those in mathematics. He states, in connection with the alleged unifying role of the concept of set, that “the student cannot possibly appreciate the role of unification if he has no comprehension of what is being unified.” And the secondary school student scarcely suspects that this can be done.