Role Of Travel Research Articles

Travel as a Tool for Trauma Recovery: A Mixed-Methods Analysis Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches

This study aims to explore how travel serves as a tool for trauma recovery, aiding individuals in coping with psychological trauma and promoting mental health. We adopted a pragmatic mixed-methods approach, conducting two complementary studies: qualitative interviews with individuals who have experienced trauma and a quantitative survey. The qualitative interviews reveal the mechanisms and key factors of travel in the trauma recovery process. Based on the interview data, we constructed a conceptual model that includes latent variables such as travel experience, emotional regulation, self-reflection, social support, and trauma recovery. This model was subsequently validated through a quantitative survey study using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicate that travel significantly promotes trauma recovery by providing a restorative environment, facilitating emotional regulation, and enhancing social interaction. This study provides new insights into the role of travel in trauma recovery and offers practical guidance for mental health interventions.

Travel-based learning: unleashing the power of destination curiosity

ABSTRACT International travel has been historically influenced by interest in foreign cultures and environments. Despite its deep roots in curiosity and exploratory behavior, curiosity-driven travel is underrepresented in modern tourism scholarship. Curiosity, vital for exploratory actions, plays a significant role in travelers’ behaviors, influencing travel for learning about diverse societies and cultures. This study (1) underscored destination curiosity as the zeal for travel exploration, (2) devised a Destination Curiosity scale using mixed methods, (3) validated the scale’s predictive capability concerning cultural identity’s impact on visit intentions, and (4) expanded tourism literature, aiding entities in crafting experiences that stimulate curiosity and learning.

Subjective factors of travel activity for the purpose of cultural support of biological diversity for individuals with different success levels

It is shown that the activity of a person’s travels is associated with his psychological characteristics, ideological attitudes, needs for new connections and knowledge. Travel is endowed with a psychological resource that allows you to actualize the motivation for positive personality transformations. A system of internal factors for personal travel activity is identified and described: direction, tolerance for uncertainty, interests, tendency to accept novelty and test one’s capabilities. The factors that determine the specificity of travel trajectory choice and tourist programs’ types in the conditions of modern realities are described. The content of external and internal factors that can enhance the psychological resource of travel as a platform for self-development and personal improvement is shown. The role of travel in cognitive, communicative and personal transformations, in the development of the subject’s ability to productively solve complex situations and effective activity in conditions of uncertainty is shown. The novelty of the study lies in the identification and subjective factors’ description of travel activity for individuals with different success levels. Empirically, studies have identified severity indicators of tolerance and intolerance to uncertainty among participants in tourism programs with different statuses of success and self-efficacy.

Travel decision making through blogs and vlogs: An empirical investigation on how user-generated content influences destination image

Tourist decision-making is based on the information available before visiting a destination. Although marketing content has a role to play, user-generated content (UGC) has gained momentum in recent years. This study considering the role of travel blogs and vlogs created by the user, aims to comprehend the role of these information sources in the decision-making of their consumers. The present research investigates the preference of travelers for UGC and its role in travel decision-making over other marketing information generated by destination marketing organisations (DMOs). The study is based on responses from 220 Indian tourists via an online web-based survey conducted using a structured questionnaire and applying multi-stage sampling. The study findings reveal a strengthened preference for blogs and vlogs among travelers compared to traditional DMO marketing content. The study provides implications for industry players that can help engage their visitors in UGC creation and dissemination for better marketing by suggesting suitable strategies for tourism.

Consumption value in food tourism: the effects on purchase involvement and post-travel behaviours

ABSTRACT This study applied local food consumption values to food tourism (culinary tourism) activities. Prior research revealed that impacts of consumption values in food tourism often varied based on the destination. This study adapts the tourist’s local food consumption value (TLFCV) scale to food travel in general, using a survey of American leisure travellers (N = 489). Interaction value, emotional value, and prestige value impacted purchase involvement of dining decisions while travelling. Travellers believe that eating local food while travelling builds personal bonds (interaction value), provides pleasure and happiness (emotional value), and increases social status or social capital (prestige value). Emotional value played the strongest role in travellers’ purchase involvement, and purchase involvement led to post-travel activities: satisfaction, intention to return and to recommend a destination. Between traveller types, prestige value was less important for culinary travellers than other leisure travellers. Destinations are recommended to market not just local food products or experiences but also the consumption values or benefits that tourists seek.

Human Circular Tourism as the Tourism of Tomorrow: The Role of Travellers in Achieving a More Sustainable and Circular Tourism

Human Circular Tourism as the Tourism of Tomorrow: The Role of Travellers in Achieving a More Sustainable and Circular Tourism

Human Circular Tourism as the Tourism of Tomorrow: The Role of Travellers in Achieving a More Sustainable and Circular Tourism

Nowadays, the challenge of sustainability is increasingly played out in cities, which represent the favoured field of action to implement strategies and actions for supporting the transition towards a more human and ecological development paradigm. The problems caused by the current economic model (linear model) are even more stressed today due to the effects produced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The tourism sector (one of the world’s major economic sectors and, thus, one of the main players in the development dynamics) is one of the economic sectors that has been the most negatively impacted by the pandemic. In this study, Human Circular Tourism (HCT) is proposed as a strategy to move towards a more sustainable future and, thus, reduce the negative impacts produced by the tourism sector. In particular, the objective of this paper is to understand the awareness of travellers (one of the categories of actors involved in the tourism experience) regarding sustainable and circular tourism in order to support local governments in the elaboration and implementation of strategies and actions towards more sustainable and circular tourism. To this end, a survey was conducted. In particular, a questionnaire was developed and submitted to a sample of tourists from all over the world to understand their behaviours and perceptions in their tourist experiences. From a critical analysis of the results, it emerges that there is a growing awareness of issues related to the concept of sustainability, especially in relation to the major issues of climate change and people’s health. This perception has certainly been influenced by the health emergency from COVID-19, but the sample of interviewees reveals that much still needs to be invested in increasing their awareness of the complexity of the factors involved in more sustainable, circular, and human-centred tourism. Therefore, starting from this, possible future prospects for the tourism sector from the circular economy perspective are here identified.

On the Role of Research Travel in Medical Education in the 2nd – 3d Centuries AD

The role of travel in obtaining medical education in Antiquity is well known from the texts of the “Hippocratic Corpus”. However, the most valuable evidence about this aspect of the medical profession can be found in the texts by Galen of Pergamum (129-210/217), whose works are the main source of this study. Galen's numerous autobiographical notes allow us not only to trace the routes of his voyages, but to uncover their goals as well. After receiving his initial medical education in Pergamum, Galen travelled to Asia Minor, particularly to Mysia, Phrygia, and Cappadocia, attending lectures of famous physicians and philosophers and studying the local traditions of medicine. After that he spent some years in Alexandria. An analysis of a number of texts allows us to conclude that Alexandria in the 2-3 centuries AD was a center for the study of anatomy and commenting on Hippocrates’ texts. To study medicine in this city was considered a necessary stage in the career of a successful physician and a prerequisite for recognition in the profession. Important evidence should also be noted regarding the existing medical specialization in Alexandria, the features of the local dietetics and medicinal substances. An important stage in Galen's medical career was the theoretical and practical study of surgery at the gladiatorial school of Pergamum, where his knowledge was expanded not only with the rules for suturing, but also with hemostatic and wound healing prescriptions. From his extant works on pharmacology (“De simplicium medicamentorum temperamentis ac facultatibus”, “De compositione medicamentorum per genera”, “De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos”), we know that Galen also visited a number of places in the Eastern Mediterranean: Thrace, Macedonia, Cyprus and even Palestine. The purpose of these journeys was to observe the local climate that affects human health and causes diseases, to study the peculiar properties of the local herbs and minerals, and to collect medicinal substances for his personal apothecary. According to the evidence preserved in one of his latest works, “De indolentia”, Galen managed to collect one of the richest pharmacopoeias of his time and a unique collection of prescriptions that was destroyed by a fire in Rome in 192.

Re-Narrating the Postcolonial Subject within Neo-Liberal Spaces: A Study on the Role of Travel as Depicted in the Contemporary Postcolonial Novel

Re-Narrating the Postcolonial Subject within Neo-Liberal Spaces: A Study on the Role of Travel as Depicted in the Contemporary Postcolonial Novel

Drivers of the summer influenza epidemic in New South Wales, 2018-19.

To assess the extent to which the 2018-19 New South Wales summer influenza epidemic was associated with overseas or domestic travel and with seasonal influenza vaccination status. Unmatched case-control study, based on an online survey distributed from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System (NCIMS) to people for whom mobile phone numbers were available. A case was defined as a person with notified laboratory-confirmed influenza with onset of illness between 1 December 2018 and 21 March 2019. People with notified pertussis infections (confirmed or probable) were selected as controls. Notified influenza infection, by travel and contact with unwell overseas travellers in the week before onset of illness and seasonal influenza vaccination status (as the primary exposures). Valid survey responses were provided by 648 of 2806 invited people with notified influenza (23%) and 257 of 796 invited people with notified pertussis (32%). The demographic characteristics of the respondents were similar to those of the source population (7251 cases, 2254 controls). During the first two months of the summer of 2018-19, notified influenza was more likely for people who had travelled overseas or had contact with an ill overseas traveller in the week before symptom onset (adjusted OR [aOR], 6.99; 95% CI, 3.59-13.6), but not during the second two months (aOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.79-3.35). Influenza vaccination status was not associated with the likelihood of notified influenza. Travel-related factors were early drivers of the 2018-19 NSW summer influenza epidemic; local transmission sustained the outbreak despite unfavourable conditions later in summer. Our findings prompted re-evaluation of recommendations for pre-travel vaccination in NSW. The role of travel in out-of-season influenza outbreaks should be considered in other temperate zones.

Travel à la Mode: Australian Architects and the Changing Nature of the International Tour

ABSTRACT For Australian architects of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the pull to centres of architectural culture was significant. Travel to further one’s architectural education and experience was out of reach for many Antipodean architects because of geographical distance and costs. For others, particular circumstances enabled a period of international travel, having a transformative effect on their subsequent architectural outputs and careers. Not all architectural travel is the same: it has different modes and outcomes, and can be instigated through means as diverse as a reward for years of practice to enlisting in military service. This paper examines the changing role of travel for Australian architects prior to the Second World War. Six distinct modes of travel emerge: the grand tour; the commercial enterprise; the roaming adventure; accidental tourismthat Kilburn took through the United States saw him directly influenced; educational imperative; and finally, as a rite of passage. While the impetus differed, all modes allowed architects to experience places and structures first-hand: to see architecture differently. This increasing role of travel in the careers of architects vastly truncated the distance between the United Kingdom, Europe, North America, and Australia, building educational and professional engagement and networks. These opportunities brought multi-valent benefit to individual architects, as well as new ideas that transformed Australian architecture.

Airline choice model for international round-trip flights: The role of travelers’ satisfaction and personality traits

Air travelers' satisfaction with current airline options may have different effects on their decisions. We analyzed air passengers' demands for international round-trip flights using an Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) model. Most research on airline choice has only included observable factors. To fill this gap, this study hypothesized that the airline choice process depends not only on a set of measurable factors but also on passenger satisfaction which, in turn, is influenced by travelers' personality traits. Structural equation modeling was used to construct the passengers' satisfaction to relate passengers' personality traits, airline characteristics, and passenger flight experiences with travelers' perceptions of air carrier services. The satisfaction was incorporated into the discrete choice (DC) model, which was used to evaluate travelers' airline choices for an international round-trip flight. Results indicated that passenger satisfaction with each airline service was associated with airlines’ utilities. Therefore, by incorporating traveler satisfaction into a DC model, air passenger choice behavior can be modeled more precisely. The average probability of correct predictions in the validation sample reflected the superior fit of the ICLV model. These findings highlighted the complex ways in which perceptions can influence airline choice and provided insight for targeted policy interventions.

Role of travel and tourism sector in the attainment of Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia: An analytical study

Tourism is the main service industry significantly developing in the world. It is recognized as the critical factor in economic improvement in various countries. Saudi Arabia is one of the oldest and most famous spots for pilgrimage tourism due to its Islamic heritage. The study analyzes data available on the websites of the Saudi government to specify the contribution of travel and tourism revenue to the economy and its trend, occupancy of residential, and transportation capacity. A tourism satisfaction questionnaire was administered online to get the responses of Saudi nationals and residents related to tourism infrastructure, facilities, and other tourism services in Saudi Arabia. Ranks and percentage analysis were applied to get the relational satisfaction of tourists. Index numbers, ratios, percentages, and coefficient of variations were applied to get the trend, yearly fluctuations, variations, weights, and contribution of tourism avenues. There is a positive but low degree correlation between tourism revenue and the GDP of Saudi Arabia for the period from 2010 to 2018. The results indicate either negative or negligibly positive revenue growth of the accommodation/hotel services, food services, and air transportation. Two-thirds of tourists are either strongly satisfied or satisfied with essential and other tourism services and facilities in Saudi Arabia. Apart from tourist satisfaction, the Saudi government may consider a variety of services as per the economic level of the targeted tourists, and softening of visiting visa procedures and fees to enhance tourism revenue of major contributors for the positive and progressive development to the economy. AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, for providing financial support to complete this project (Project No: 2020/02/16978).

Recommendation agents and information sharing through social media for coronavirus outbreak

The novel outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was an unexpected event for tourism in the world as well as tourism in the Netherlands. In this situation, the travelers’ decision-making for tourism destinations was heavily affected by this global event. Social media usage has played an essential role in travelers’ decision-making and increased the awareness of travel-related risks from the COVID-19 outbreak. Online consumer media for the outbreak of COVID-19 has been a crucial source of information for travelers. In the current situation, tourists are using electronic word of mouth (eWOM) more and more for travel planning. Opinions provided by peer travelers for the outbreak of COVID-19 tend to reduce the possibility of poor decisions. Nevertheless, the increasing number of reviews per experience makes reading all feedback hard to make an informed decision. Accordingly, recommendation agents developed by machine learning techniques can be effective in the analysis of such social big data for the identification of useful patterns from the data, knowledge discovery, and real-time service recommendations. The current research aims to adopt a framework for the recommendation agents through topic modeling to uncover the most important dimensions of COVID-19 reviews in the Netherland forums in TripAdvisor. This study demonstrates how social networking websites and online reviews can be effective in unexpected events for travelers’ decision making. We conclude with the implications of our study for future research and practice.

Capturing the interaction between travel time reliability and route choice behavior based on the generalized Bayesian traffic model

Travel time reliability plays an important role in travelers’ route choice behaviors. Based on a previously developed generalized Bayesian traffic model, we propose different types of perceived knowledge (i.e., mean-variance-based type, relative gap-based type, and penalty-based type) to model travelers’ daily route choice behavior concerning travel time reliability. We theoretically demonstrate the flexibility of the generalized Bayesian model in capturing various existing UE-based travel behaviors and other non-UE-based travel behaviors (e.g., penalty-based) in stochastic transportation systems. Three major conclusions are obtained. First, the route choice dynamics induced by the Bayesian model with an infinitely long memory and mean-variance-based perceived knowledge will converge to the mean-variance UE condition. Second, the convergence of route choice dynamics to a UE condition is not affected by adding a bounded weight on the daily perceived knowledge. Thirdly, non-UE-based formulations of perceived knowledge also lead to fixed points for the mean route choice proportion. The convergences of the models with different types of perceived knowledge are verified based on numerical studies and the underlying day-to-day route choice dynamics with both recurrent and non-recurrent unreliability are examined.

A Multisite Network Assessment of the Epidemiology and Etiology of Acquired Diarrhea among U.S. Military and Western Travelers (Global Travelers' Diarrhea Study): A Principal Role of Norovirus among Travelers with Gastrointestinal Illness.

.U.S. military personnel must be ready to deploy to locations worldwide, including environments with heightened risk of infectious disease. Diarrheal illnesses continue to be among the most significant infectious disease threats to operational capability. To better prevent, detect, and respond to these threats and improve synchronization across the Department of Defense (DoD) overseas laboratory network, a multisite Global Travelers’ Diarrhea protocol was implemented with standardized case definitions and harmonized laboratory methods to identify enteric pathogens. Harmonized laboratory procedures for detection of Norovirus (NoV), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli, Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli, and Campylobacter jejuni have been implemented at six DoD laboratories with surveillance sites in Egypt, Honduras, Peru, Nepal, Thailand, and Kenya. Samples from individuals traveling from wealthy to poorer countries were collected between June 2012 and May 2018, and of samples with all variables of interest available (n = 410), most participants enrolled were students (46%), tourists (26%), U.S. military personnel (13%), or other unspecified travelers (11%). One or more pathogens were detected in 59% of samples tested. Of samples tested, the most commonly detected pathogens were NoV (24%), ETEC (16%), and C. jejuni (14%), suggesting that NoV plays a larger role in travelers’ diarrhea than has previously been described. Harmonized data collection and methods will ensure identification and characterization of enteric pathogens are consistent across the DoD laboratory network, ultimately resulting in more comparable data for global assessments, preventive measures, and treatment recommendations.

The Role of Social Media in Health Safety Evaluation of a Tourism Destination throughout the Travel Planning Process

This research aims at identifying the role of social media in evaluating the attractiveness of a tourism destination, with special emphasis on the health safety of the destination. Consistent with this objective, a survey has been carried out on a sample of 675 Romanian social media users. The research results led to the development of a model based on structural equation modeling. The model includes nine latent variables that were structured taking into account different behavioral aspects related to the role social media has in travel planning, as well as for evaluating the health safety of a tourism destination. The main findings suggest that the trust in social media for tourism information made people become more interested in communicating through this means and to consider it more useful throughout the travel planning process. When choosing a travel destination, the more involved a tourist is in the decision making process, the greater the attention they pay to social media. The perceived usefulness of social media in travel planning has a significant influence on intentions to choose a tourism destination. As the importance assigned to the health safety of tourism destination increases, social media plays a more active role in travel by creating trust in this means in order to obtain sanitary safety information. People that intend to use social media for finding information on the health safety of a tourism destination are more likely to choose that destination for their vacation. The managerial implications of this paper regard the communication strategies adopted by tourism services suppliers or by some public authorities aimed at stimulating an efficient usage of social media so as to increase the buying intentions for tourism destinations.

Audacious Hitchhikers: The Role of Travel and the International Food Trade in the Global Dissemination of Mobile Colistin-Resistance (mcr) Genes.

Colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, has been used in controlling infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. However, recent reports showed a global dissemination of mobile colistin-resistance (mcr) genes, genetic elements that encode resistance to colistin, which has raised public health concerns. These mcr genes threaten the effectiveness of colistin and could limit therapy options for complicated infections. Despite global attention, many facets of the molecular epidemiology of mcr remain poorly characterized. Here, we focus on the role of travel and the international food trade in the dissemination of mcr to countries where these genetic elements and/or colistin resistance are relatively limited in prevalence. We present evidence from the literature on the acquisition of mcr during travel, and the carriage of these genes back to travelers’ countries. We also highlight the potential transmission of mcr via imported foods. These observations emphasize the magnitude of efforts that are needed to control the spread of mcr, and further highlight the challenge of antimicrobial resistance and the urgent need for coordinated global action.

Work, ICT and travel in multinational corporations: the synthetic work mobility situation

Theorising the relationships between information communication technology (ICT), travel and work continues to preoccupy researchers interested in multinational corporations (MNCs). One motivation is the desire to understand ways of reducing demand for and the negative consequences of business travel. Existing studies offer, however, little in the way of theoretical explanation of why situations that require travel arise in the first instance and how they might be avoided. To address this shortcoming, this paper analyses two case study engineering consultancy MNCs to develop a novel sociomaterial perspective on the role of travel and ICTs. It introduces the concept of the synthetic work mobility situation which highlights the way ICT and travel exert agency that constitutes ways of working and the organisational form of MNCs. The concept also recasts questions about ways of reducing demand for travel as questions about ways of reconstituting the sociomaterial organisation of the MNC.

여행정보 엔트로피(Entropy) 속성에 관한 연구

Online reviews to obtain travel information by social network services have become more critical. Tourists tend to consider online reviews to be more believable than the information from tour operators and travel agencies. Online consumer reviews, in particular, are playing an increasingly significant role in travelers' purchase behavior. However, from the literature review, a wide range of information with different levels of certainty is available, and the different tourism information may result in different impacts on tourist behavior. This study employed “entropy” in the information theory that indicates the degree of uncertainty related to the information in the message. The information entropy theory assumes that high information entropy implies more uncertainty to customers. This study investigated and verified the entropy attribute of travel information through the integrated research methodology. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis for the validity test of the qualitative research, the study identified four factors as the entropy of travel information: asymmetry, discordance, distrust, and uncertainty. These findings hold significant implications for both travel agencies and marketers.