Role In Scientific Research Research Articles

INTERACTION OF OBJECT, SUBJECT AND SYNERGETIC CATEGORIES IN SCIENTIFIC WORK

This article is about one of the most fundamental categories of philosophy, the object and the subject, and focuses on its place and role in scientific research. The objective of the research activity is the object in the broadest sense of reality. The researcher acts as a subject, whether it is an individual or a specific community (creative team). Synergetics has gained the status of a philosophical category as a branch of science and is important in the study of significant changes in the universe.

Artificial Leaf for Switchable Droplet Manipulation.

Droplet manipulation plays an important role in scientific research, daily life, and practical production such as biological and chemical analysis. Inspired by the structure and function of three typical leaf veins, the bionic texture was replicated by the template method, and the artificial leaf was selectively treated by nanoparticles to obtain a quasi-three-dimensional hybrid superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surface. When the droplet touches the surface of the leaf, it will be attracted to the bottom of the main vein from different directions even in horizontal conditions due to the Laplace pressure gradient and energy gradient. The simulation analysis demonstrates that the reason for directional transportation is the energy gradient of the droplets on the different levels of veins, including the thin veins, lateral veins, and main vein. Meanwhile, the experimental result of water collection also showed an outstanding directional transportation effect and excellent water collection efficiency. In addition, when the sample is tilted upside down, the droplet will flow back to the main vein along the lateral vein and then flow down the main vein, showing a good droplet pumping effect. Therefore, the directional and polydirectional transportation of droplets on the same sample is successfully realized, and the conversion between executing single and multiple tasks simultaneously can be realized only by upright and inverted samples. This work provided a new strategy for directional and polydirectional water manipulation, water collection, directional drainage, and microfluidic devices.

A calorimetric system for charge and kinetic energy characterizations of pulsed electron beams

The monitoring of the cross-sectional distribution of an electron beam plays a significant role in scientific research and applications. A sectioned calorimeter system combined with a detector of total electron beam current by Faraday cup was developed for estimating the charge and energy distribution of pulsed electron beams. The calorimeter, consisting of a collector with 61 sections and a matrix of remote thermal sensors (pyrometers), allows measuring the cross-sectional energy distribution of pulsed electron beam with an electron kinetic energy up to 700 keV, energy density within 3.6 J/cm2, and total beam energy up to 50 J/pulse. The response of each section is separately monitored and the total current from all the collector sections is measured for beam charge calculation. The charge distribution is estimated in proportion to the total energy distribution. The system was tested with a pulsed electron beam ejected into the atmosphere (accelerating voltage 270 kV, current 140 A, 100 ns FWHM). The difference in the output between the developed system and diagnostics equipment of the accelerator is within 10%. With measured total energy of 4 J/pulse and transferred charge of 13.6 μC/pulse, an average electron kinetic energy of 115 keV was estimated, fulfills the monitoring of cross-sectional energy density and the estimation of the average electron kinetic energy.

ACHIEVING THE NEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES

This paper examines achieving the new sustainable development goals, the role of scientific research in Nigerian universities. Development in any sector can only be achieved when challenges facing such sector are located and tackled. Sustainable development goals are birthed to address every problematic area of human life. Researches, especially scientific researches, fits into all these areas are medium through which solution can be preferred. This study examines the nature, classification, types and approaches of scientific research. It also laid bare the sustainable development goals, the importance and the roles scientific researches play in the achievement of the goals. Academics and professionals must know that education and research are explicitly recognized in all of the SDGs and that universities/tertiary institutions have a direct role in addressing the challenges therein. Higher education institutions (with academics and professionals on the driving seat) have a critical role to play in implementing and driving sustainable development initiatives through their institutional policies and practices. The government and non-governmental organisations needs to make good policy that will aimed at training and retraining of researchers to developed good and quality research skills in implementing the new sustainable development goals. Article visualizations:

BioDWH2: an automated graph-based data warehouse and mapping tool.

Data integration plays a vital role in scientific research. In biomedical research, the OMICS fields have shown the need for larger datasets, like proteomics, pharmacogenomics, and newer fields like foodomics. As research projects require multiple data sources, mapping between these sources becomes necessary. Utilized workflow systems and integration tools therefore need to process large amounts of heterogeneous data formats, check for data source updates, and find suitable mapping methods to cross-reference entities from different databases. This article presents BioDWH2, an open-source, graph-based data warehouse and mapping tool, capable of helping researchers with these issues. A workspace centered approach allows project-specific data source selections and Neo4j or GraphQL server tools enable quick access to the database for analysis. The BioDWH2 tools are available to the scientific community at https://github.com/BioDWH2.

A gridded establishment dataset as a proxy for economic activity in China

Measuring the geographical distribution of economic activity plays a key role in scientific research and policymaking. However, previous studies and data on economic activity either have a coarse spatial resolution or cover a limited time span, and the high-resolution characteristics of socioeconomic dynamics are largely unknown. Here, we construct a dataset on the economic activity of mainland China, the gridded establishment dataset (GED), which measures the volume of establishments at a 0.01° latitude by 0.01° longitude scale. Specifically, our dataset captures the geographically based opening and closing of approximately 25.5 million firms that registered in mainland China over the period 2005–2015. The characteristics of fine granularity and long-term observability give the GED a high application value. The dataset not only allows us to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of the establishments, urban vibrancy, and socioeconomic activity, but also helps us uncover the fundamental principles underlying the dynamics of industrial and economic development.

Philosophical and Methodological Providence of Music Teacher Training Based on Interpretive Culture

Philosophy as a methodology and theory of cognition plays a decisive role in scientific research. The research of philosophical and methodological providence of music teacher training in the article is relevant and original and has a theoretical nature. A review of literature sources showed that the research of philosophical and methodological providence of music teacher training on the ground of interpretive culture was not conducted. To solve this problem, the following tasks were set: to develop a block diagram of the methodology of research of the scientific problem of music teachers training; to find out the interpenetration of such concepts as «interpretation», «culture», «interpretive culture»; to analyse the categorical apparatus of scientific research. The scientific research began with a monographic method, which allowed diving deep into the problem of music teacher training on the ground of interpretive culture. A system-structural approach was used to develop a structural scheme of the research methodology of this problem. Systematisation of the categorical apparatus allowed to make a categorical matrix of this scientific problem. The method of generalisation allowed to form a system of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «interpretive culture of a music teacher». The scheme of methodology of the problem developed by the author contains: subject area, scientific approaches, and components of methodology. The subject area in this development is the theory and practice of modern music and pedagogical training, analysis of the state of methodological providence in higher education institutions and providing quality training. The categorical matrix demonstrates the understanding of the theory and practice of interpretive activity, as well as harmonizes the logical and meaningful reflection of the object and subject of the research. Addressing the spiritual-value context is methodologically important, as it gives an idea of the spiritual environment of music and deepens the understanding of music, forcing to realise, differentiate and then synthesise ideological and semantic moments into a concrete integrity.

The role of scientific research on nuclear radiation waste management and preserving environment

On the level of this article, we deal with nuclear radiation (and their residues), which is defined as a physical phenomenon and strong atomic activity that occurs in unstable atoms of elements. We are interested in studying radiation as the emission or diffusion of energy into space in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. The scientist Fermi (1934 AD) is among the first to present scientific research in this field. Radioisotopes are considered one of the most prominent discoveries of modern science and based on the importance of the topic, scientists and researchers searched for methods and techniques to facilitate the implementation of practical applications for radiation measurement, and among those methods a specialized program was used to simulate radiation dose (digital simulation in a computer through the use of an imaginary model of the radiometric process with technology Monte Carlo using code (Geant 4). We have also highlighted the views of researchers and specialists in the area of disposal of radioactive waste, relying on a field study and a comparison of some of the currently adopted techniques to get rid of the negative consequences that each unreasonable (reckless) management and measure of this radioactive waste may have Among the most prominent results we have reached is highlighting the weakness of dealing with this topic and not giving it the right to research and scientific achievements carried out by researchers, which increases the complexity of the situation and from which it is difficult to control the problem in the future.

Knowledge base of Cenozoic volcanoes in China

Abstract Knowledge management plays an important role in scientific research and provides a basis for technical development in the era of Big Data. Studies of Cenozoic volcanoes in China have been undertaken for more than half a century, generating plentiful relevant literature and data. However, these data have stayed scattered between different authors and libraries, and this hampers management and access. Based on theories, knowledge bases and related technologies, we developed the Knowledge Base of Cenozoic Volcanoes (KBCV) to collect such volcanic data in China. The directory tree of the KBCV is structured based on five levels according to the volcano distribution, magma origin, data type and file format. The KBCV supports querying, searching and browsing. It can provide well-managed Cenozoic volcanic data and technical support for scientific research and public communication. The KBCV is still in its early stages and is imperfect with respect to data completeness and universalization of the system, and efforts are being made to continuously develop and popularize the system.

The Role of Scientific Research in Local Community Service from the Perspective of Faculty Members of some Palestinian Universities

The present study aimed at investigating the role of scientific research in the development of the local community from the point of view of the faculty members in the Palestinian Universities. To achieve this objective, a convenient sample of (244) faculty members from the universities of northern Palestine: Al-Quds Open University (Tulkarm), An-Najah National (Nablus), Technical Palestine - Khadouri (Tulkarem), and Arab American (Jenin). The results of the study showed that the participants' assessment of the importance of the role of scientific research in community development was medium in the overall instrument and two dimensions: applied research and scientific consultancy, but their assessment of awareness-raising was high. On the other hand, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of the role of practical research in the development of the community attributed to the gender variable in favor of males on the overall instrument and three dimensions, while there were no statistically significant differences in the level of participants' assessment attributed to the variable of specialization. The differences were in favor of the disciplines of educational sciences and applied sciences. There were also statistically significant differences in the level of their assessment attributed to the qualification variable on the overall instrument and the three dimensions in favor of PhD holders.Keywords: scientific research, community service, awareness-raising, applied research, scientific consultancy.

The Role of Scientific Research in Local Community Service from the Perspective of Faculty Members of some Palestinian Universities

The present study aimed at investigating the role of scientific research in the development of the local community from the point of view of the faculty members in the Palestinian Universities. To achieve this objective, a convenient sample of (244) faculty members from the universities of northern Palestine: Al-Quds Open University (Tulkarm), An-Najah National (Nablus), Technical Palestine - Khadouri (Tulkarem), and Arab American (Jenin). The results of the study showed that the participants' assessment of the importance of the role of scientific research in community development was medium in the overall instrument and two dimensions: applied research and scientific consultancy, but their assessment of awareness-raising was high. On the other hand, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of the role of practical research in the development of the community attributed to the gender variable in favor of males on the overall instrument and three dimensions, while there were no statistically significant differences in the level of participants' assessment attributed to the variable of specialization. The differences were in favor of the disciplines of educational sciences and applied sciences. There were also statistically significant differences in the level of their assessment attributed to the qualification variable on the overall instrument and the three dimensions in favor of PhD holders.Keywords: scientific research, community service, awareness-raising, applied research, scientific consultancy.

Trichoderma spp. and Mulching Films Differentially Boost Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Greenhouse Lettuce under Diverse N Conditions

The global increasing demand of lettuce is pushing farmers to boost their production through several technical means, including mulching and nitrogen fertilization. However, from an environmental protection perspective, the role of scientific research is to limit the excessive use of some chemical approaches. This research aims to evaluate the possible effects of two mulching films (black polyethylene, PE, and brown photoselective film, BF) and two treatments with a plant growth-promoting product, containing Trichoderma spp., (non-treated, - Control and treated with RYZO PEP UP, - TR), on the productive and qualitative traits of lettuce grown under four regimes of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1, N0, N30, N60, and N90, respectively). The marketable yield increased at higher nitrogen levels, but without differences between the N60 and N90 doses. The photoselective film elicited marketable yield, with an 8% increase over PE. N fertilization also improved photochemical efficiency (higher Soil Plant Analysis Development and chlorophyllous pigments biosynthesis), as well as antioxidant activities (lipophilic—LAA and hydrophilic—HAA) and bioactive compounds (phenols and total ascorbic acid—TAA). Interestingly, Trichoderma spp. had a positive effect on these qualitative parameters, especially when combined with mulching films, where the increase generated by PE-TR treatment over the all other treatments was 16.3% and 16.8% for LAA and HHA, respectively. In all treatments, the nitrate leaves content was consistently always within the legal limit imposed by the European community. Overall, although Trichoderma spp. did not engender a marked effect on yield, probably due to the short crop cycle, its positive effect on some quality traits is an interesting starting point for further research.

Trust and knowledge contribution to agricultural cluster performance

PurposeThis paper aimed to analyze the contribution of the interorganizational relationship (IOR) factors trust and knowledge resources to the relational and transactional performance of a Brazilian agricultural cluster formed by small farmers.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted using a questionnaire divided into groups of variables, each group seeking to identify one of the three constructs: trust, knowledge resources and relational and transactional performance. A theoretical framework was elaborated and later compared with survey results, which were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsCorrelations between trust and relational and transactional cluster performance varied according to actors involved, being significant between some actors and not significant between others. Knowledge resources, on the other hand, proved to be significantly relevant for cluster performance, considering both relational and transactional measures.Research limitations/implicationsIt was made in a Brazilian single cluster and its conclusions cannot be generalized.Practical implicationsFarmers cannot innovate with the efficiency and effectiveness that the process demands. They need complementary capacity that apparently is not in the agricultural cluster. Research and development involve knowledge and techniques that empirical knowledge alone may not provide. And much of the formal knowledge is embedded in universities and research institutes. If there were investments by public entities in research and development to improve the culture and its by-products, this could contribute to improving the income of farmers.Social implicationsThis study provided a photograph of the current scenario of a Brazilian agricultural cluster. Changes in trust and knowledge resources could affect cluster relational and transactional performance. Special attention is deserved to the important role of scientific research on agricultural clusters to strengthen the capacity of critical analysis by the researcher who, with the results in hand, makes them public, hoping that the shared information can contribute with the research of other scholars and improve the quality of life of farmers involved.Originality/valueThis study offers empirical evidence that trust and knowledge resources can contribute to a Brazilian agricultural cluster performance, which can be analyzed considering both relational and transactional measures. These findings brought new fact to Singh and Shrivastava’s (2013) research.

A history of canine parvovirus in Australia: what can we learn?

Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been reported throughout the world since the late 1970s. Published information was reviewed to draw insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of CPV disease in Australia and the role of scientific research on CPV occurrence, with key research discoveries and knowledge gaps identified. Australian researchers contributed substantially to early findings, including the first reported cases of parvoviral myocarditis, investigations into disease aetiopathogenesis, host and environmental risk factors and links between CPV and feline panleukopenia. Two of the world's first CPV serological surveys were conducted in Australia and a 1980 national veterinary survey of Australian and New Zealand dogs revealed 6824 suspected CPV cases and 1058 deaths. In 2010, an Australian national disease surveillance system was launched; 4940 CPV cases were reported between 2009 and 2014, although underreporting was likely. A 2017 study estimated national incidence to be 4.12 cases per 1000 dogs, and an annual case load of 20,110 based on 4219 CPV case reports in a survey of all Australian veterinary clinics, with a 23.5% response rate. CPV disease risk factors identified included socioeconomic disadvantage, geographical location (rural/remote), season (summer) and rainfall (recent rain and longer dry periods both increasing risk). Age <16 weeks was identified as a risk factor for vaccination failure. Important knowledge gaps exist regarding national canine and feline demographic and CPV case data, vaccination coverage and population immunity, CPV transmission between owned dogs and other carnivore populations in Australia and the most effective methods to control epizootics.

Overview of meta-analyses on giftedness

ABSTRACT A meta-analysis is a statistical method for combining the results of primary studies on the same topic. Meta-analyses play a significant role in scientific research particularly in the field of gifted education in which the study results rely on small samples, imprecise measurements, and heterogeneity. This overview provides a thematic analysis followed by a technical review of completed meta-analyses on giftedness. Out of 168 identified studies, 22 meta-analyses are included in this study. The common theme clusters were social-emotional development, educational interventions, identification issues, minorities, and learning. The technical review covers conducted meta-analyses in this study with respect to their various steps. The results indicated a need for more comprehensive and rigorous meta-analyses in the field of gifted education.

The status of coral reefs in central Vietnam’s coastal water under climate change

The coral reef ecosystem plays an important role in scientific research and economy. An assessment research on status of the coral reefs was carried out at 6 sites of coastal water from Nghi Son (Thanh Hoa province) to Vung Ro (Khanh Hoa province), Viet Nam between October and December 2015. The research was done using the manta tow method for rapid reef assessment and reef area determination, using reef check for detailed assessment of reef substrate types, etc. 288 species of hard corals under 57 genera and 14 families were identified from the study sites. These species mainly belonged to 4 families, namely Acroporidae, Faviidae, Poritidae and Fungiidae. The research showed the bad condition of the reef at all study sites through such indicators as a low live hard coral cover (average cover of 19.8%), high dead coral cover, recently killed coral, fleshy seaweed, etc. Most of surveyed transects had poor level of hard coral cover, the number of transects having good coral cover was unsignificant. The total reef area of 6 surveyed sites was 809.5 hectares, mainly occupied in Son Tra and Vung Ro. This was the first time coral disease and bleaching widely ranged had been observed and described. However, the reason of this phenomenon has not been mentioned yet and there is a need for more detailed researches on these problems in the coming time to have a basis for protection and management of coral reef ecosystem in Vietnam’s coastal water.

Radiation therapy technologists' involvement and opinion in research: A national survey in Italy.

This survey describes Italian RTTs' involvement and opinions in research activities related to radiation oncology. Primary aim was to assess the degree of involvement of the national RTTs community in research and to describe how RTTs can integrate their skills collaborating with other professionals. A ten-items multiple-choice questionnaire, with 2-8 possible responses, was developed by a steering committee and generated on a survey platform. Links were sent via email to Italian RTTs.The questions were divided in 3 domains: demographic data; scientific research and activity; opinions about RTTs role in scientific research. The survey started on October 1, 2018 and ended on January 31, 2019. One hundred thirty-five out of 509 (26.5%) RTTs responded to the questionnaire at its expiring date; 97.73% think to be valid contributors in radiation oncology research, expressing clear interest in "data collection" tasks (52.71%); 38.64% feel unsupported by other professionals in the research team and 59.85% of the respondents are not members in any scientific society. The role of Italian RTTs in research is heterogeneous. Mainly RTTs in the age range from 30 to 40 years responded to the survey showing their interest in scientific research. This might be related to different informatics and educational skills as well as to personal attitudes. RTTs particular skills, like data management and technical hypothesis generation abilities, are of benefit to realize research projects. Therefore, engaging RTTs in research activities is strongly suggested.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is significantly changing methodologic approaches in all branches of the health system. From a forensic point of view, this event is partly changing the manner in which forensic pathologists and all those who work in autopsy services operate, but above all, it is changing the patterns established for years by which cadavers are analyzed postmortem. To present a review of the literature and a proposal for COVID-19 autopsy protocols. To contain the infection risk, a revision of all the protocols that until now have been applied to the examination of bodies that require autopsy services is required. Currently, the diagnosis and postmortem analysis of positive or suspected COVID-19 cases plays a crucial role in scientific research. A review of the main recommendations proposed by international scientific societies regarding the risk of infection during autopsy was carried out. Scientific papers currently available via the PubMed NCBI search engine on COVID-19 postmortem diagnosis were also examined. Throughout the history of medicine, autopsy has been fundamental to the understanding of multiple pathogenic processes that are investigated postmortem. The purpose of the study is to propose an operating protocol that can be useful for all clinical and forensic autopsies, with particular reference to the correct methods to be applied to the examination of positive or suspected COVID-19 cases, regarding both the autopsy procedure and the collection and analysis of biological samples.

The Role of Scientific Research in the Policy-Making Process in African Economies

The central argument of this paper is that it is the responsibility of university and research institutions to undertake objective scientific research which can serve as the basis of formulating sound and sustainable socio-economic development policies in African countries. Unfortunately, scientific research as a tool of government policy has not been given adequate attention by policy-makers in many African Countries . In fact, the relationship between policy-makers and university / research and training institutions in the continent has not been very encouraging, particularly in those countries which have not established formal national structures for interface and dialogue. Thus, for scientific research findings to have the desirable impact on the policy-making process and the socio-economic development in Africa, it is recommended among other things that: first, African governments should provide adequate funding and infrastructure for research; second, African universities and research institutions should aim at excellence by improving upon the quality of their scientific research, and properly address their research endeavours to the contemporary issues, challenges, and problems of national development; third, an interface to promote collaboration and cooperation, build trust and confidence, and promote dialogue between policy-makers, university research and training institution backed by appropriate, adequate and broad database should be put in place. Keywords: Scientific Research; Policy-Making; Policy-Makers; University; Research Institutions, Interface; Africa DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-5-07 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Role of farmer’s indigenous knowledge for adaptation and mitigation to Climate Change in Kgalagadi-North District, Botswana

This paper presents perception of farmers in terms of adaptation and mitigation to climate change in Kgalagadi-North District. The study used qualitative survey method and results are derived from purposively selected interviews using semi-structured questionnaire. The research focused on participants who were aged 50 years and above. Data were summarized and analysed qualitatively using descriptive statistics. Farmers’ perceptions showed that frequent wildfire was major cause of climate change. Farmers further mentioned that they were affected by irregular rainfall, increased temperature and recurrent droughts. The findings confirmed that milk production and number of calves per cows were in declining trend over the last 30 years. The results showed increased trends in donkeys’ population signifying importance of donkeys in farmer’s herd as adaptation strategy. The results revealed that livestock diversification, making use of migratory approach in search of pasture and water, and sale of livestock before onset of drought are key adaptation strategies developed by farmers. The results also displayed that farmers mainly used to practice different strategies such as saving food and seeds, use of drought tolerant crops, diversifying crop varieties and changing of planting dates to overcome the irregularity of rainfall. Results revealed that farmers mostly used to pray for rains and involve in environmental management for adaptation and mitigating. It seems that adaptation and mitigation measures employed by farmers helped them to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability. We suggest that farmers’ experience for adaptation and mitigation to climate change plays a crucial role in scientific research and sustainable development.