Role Of Purity Research Articles

The role of purity and frequency in the classification of perimenstrual headache

BackgroundAmong all menstruation-associated headaches, only menstrual migraine has classification criteria in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3). Other menstruation-associated headaches are not generally described. The ICHD-3 classifies menstrual migraine according to headache type, timing(on days -2 to +3 of menstruation), frequency (whether headache occurs in at least two out of three menstrual cycles), and purity(whether headache occurs at other times of the menstrual cycle), and provides a reference for research on menstruation-associated headache. However, the role of frequency and purity in the classification of menstruation- associated headache is not clear Moreover, the potential risk factors for high-frequency and pure headaches have not been explored.MethodsThe study was a secondary analysis of an epidemiological survey on menstrual migraine among nurses. Among nurses who had a headache on days -2 to +3 of menstruation, headache frequency, purity, and type were described. High-frequency vs. low-frequency and pure vs. impure headache were compared according to headache features, demographics, occupation-related factors, menstruation-related factors, and lifestyle factors.ResultsOf all respondents, 254(18.3%) nurses who had headaches on days -2 to +3 of menstruation were included in the study. In the 254 nurses with perimenstrual headache, the proportions of migraine, tension type headache (TTH), high-frequency headache, and pure headache were 24.4%, 26.4%, 39.0%, and 42.1%, respectively. High-frequency and impure perimenstrual headache was more severe and similar to migraine. High-frequency headache was associated with more perimenstrual extremity swelling and generalized pain. Other variables were not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionsHeadache except for menstrual migraine accounts for a certain proportion of menstruation-associated headache and should not be ignored in research. Headache frequency and purity are related to headache type and should be equally considered in the classification of menstruation- associated headache. Perimenstrual extremity swelling and generalized pain are potential indicators of high-frequency perimenstrual headache.Trial registrationChiCTR2200056429

The sanctity of life: The role of purity in attitudes towards abortion and euthanasia.

Although abortion and euthanasia are highly contested issues at the heart of the culture war, the moral foundations underlying ideological differences on these issues are mostly unknown. Given that much of the extant debate is framed around the sanctity of life, we argued that the moral foundation of purity/sanctity-a core moral belief that emphasises adherence to the "natural order"-would mediate the negative relationship between conservatism and support for abortion and euthanasia. As hypothesised, results from a nation-wide random sample of adults in New Zealand (N=3360) revealed that purity/sanctity mediated the relationship between conservatism and opposition to both policies. These results demonstrate that, rather than being motivated by a desire to reduce harm, conservative opposition to pro-choice and end-of-life decisions is (partly) based on the view that ending a life, even if it is one's own, violates God's natural design and, thus, stains one's spiritual purity.

Dancing on a knife-edge: European colonisation of Africa and Nigeria’s cultural crisis

ABSTRACT At the centre of African underdevelopment are slave trade and colonization. Expectedly, these two issues have been in the front burner of academic discourse, especially in Africa. While the literature is stuffed with forms and causes of colonialism, this current article contributes to the existing literature by interrogating the relationship between colonialism and some selected parts of Nigerian culture. The paper therefore examined the effects of colonialism on African culture, the relationship between colonisation and Nigeria’s cultural crisis, including the challenges it poses for her identity. Using descriptive analysis and evidence-based research method, the study found that certain aspects of valued Nigerian culture were being eroded, especially as it related to the role of purity in religion and marriage. Findings further showed that the enthusiastic assimilation of Western culture by the younger generation was suggestive of a culture whose future is on a knife-edge.

Eco-friendly sonochemistry preparation and electrochemical hydrogen storage of LaCoO3/CoO/La2O3 nanocomposites

This research recommends a green and fast route for sonochemistry fabrication of La-Co-O nanostructures exerting pomegranate extract as a natural complexing agent. Various compositions of La2O3/LaCoO3, LaCoO3/La2O3 and LaCoO3/CoO/La2O3 nanocomposites achieved in different La:Co molar ratios and heat processes. The results revealed that applying of novel and green complexing agent in diverse quantities of La and Co precursors has considerable role in purity, uniformity and shape of La-Co-O nanocomposites. The active functional factors existing in pomegranate extract can connect to created nanoparticle surface to control of particles growth that finally generate favorable nano-sized composites. To distinguish the final nanocomposites in terms of crystallinity, morphology and porosity, different analysis systems have been served. Besides, the performance of the fabricated La-Co-O nanocomposites for electrochemical energy storage has been discovered through chronopotentiometry mode in KOH medium. The discharge capacity of the optimum LaCoO3/CoO/La2O3 nanocomposites was recorded around 1500 mAhg−1 after fifteen cycles at room circumstances.

PURITY IN THE SONGS OF ELMIRBEK IMANALIEV

This article analyzes the role of purity in the poems of Elmirbek Imanaliev and its application. It first gives a brief explanation of purity, followed by information about the poet's poems on purity. The article answers questions about how Elmirbek Imanaliev reflected the concept of purity in his poems, and his opinion about purity. In addition, it includes research on the verses where Imanaliev used the word pure. More precisely, such songs will be studied in detail. It shows that the poet often used the words pure and purity, especially in his poems about love, and reasons for their usage. In other words, what is purity for a poet, how he interprets it, why he used the word purity, what he wanted to show to the reader as a poet, and what he glorified. The article contains similar opinions, analysis, and reflections on these issues.

Nd2Sn2O7 nanostructures: Green synthesis and characterization using date palm extract, a potential electrochemical hydrogen storage material

This paper introduces a novel and green way for preparation of Nd2Sn2O7 nanostructures applying date palm extract. Various quantities of new fuel, date palm extract, have been applied to achieve the most favorable condition for pure and uniform nanostructures of Nd2Sn2O7 through a facile way. Our results revealed that usage of new fuel, date palm extract, and its quantity had substantial role in purity, homogeneity and shape of Nd2Sn2O7. To characterize the resulting nanostructures in terms of shape, porosity, dimension, composition and level of purity, different techniques have been served. Moreover, the performance of the fabricated Nd2Sn2O7 with date palm extract for electrochemical hydrogen storage has been explored through chronopotentiometry way in alkaline medium, for the first time. The discharge capacity of the fabricated Nd2Sn2O7 with date palm extract has been recorded after twenty cycles around 4013 mA h/g (≈14.2 wt%) and the efficiency of the mesoporous Nd2Sn2O7 for hydrogen storage has been very favorable at room temperature.

Morality, Colour, Bodies: Epistemological and Interpretive Questions

As contributors to this special edition show in different ways, purity itself is a less stable concept than may first appear. This insight, however, is not always reflected in dominant theory on the topic. Contributions to this special edition are therefore placed in dialogue with a metanarrative regarding the role of purity in Western history, presented by the influential Harvard sociologist Barrington Moore Jr.. In effect, discussion of Moore’s narrative on purity is a way to expose it differently, allowing the reader to reconsider Moore’s claims. In turn, we hope that the special issue’s contributions will be exposed differently in light of work to refine and redefine Moore’s overarching thesis.

Degradation Under Influence of Radiation Defects of Detector Properties of CdTe and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te Irradiated by Neutrons

This work is devoted to the study by computer simulation of the mechanisms of the influence of radiation defects, arising under the influence of neutron irradiation, on the changes in electrical properties: resistivity ρ, electron mobility μn, lifetime of nonequilibrium electrons τn and holes τp in Cd0.9Zn0.1Te and charge collection efficiency η of uncooled ionizing radiation detectors based on this material. Radiation defects, which are corresponded by deep energy levels in the band gap, act as trapping centers of nonequilibrium charge carriers, noticeably affect the degree of compensation by changing ρ of the detector material, the recombination processes, decreasing τn and τp, and also the scattering of conduction electrons, decreasing μn, that ultimately can cause degradation of the charges collection efficiency η. The specific reasons for the deterioration of the electrophysical and detector properties of this semiconductor under the influence of neutron irradiation were identified, and the main factors affecting the increase in the resistivity of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te during its bombardment by low-energy and high-energy neutrons, leading to complete degradation of the recording ability of detectors based on this materials, were found. The recombination of nonequilibrium charge carriers is noticeably stronger than the decrease in μn affects the degradation of detector properties, therefore, the effect of recombination processes at deep levels of radiation defects on the degradation of τn, τp, and η of detectors based on Cd0.9Zn0.1Te was studied. A comparative analysis of the properties of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te with the previously studied CdTe:Cl was made. An attempt was made to explain the higher radiation resistance of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te compared to CdTe:Cl under neutron irradiation by the influence of the radiation self-compensation mechanism with participation of deep donor energy levels: interstitial tellurium and tellurium at the site of cadmium. In addition, the rate of recombination at defect levels in Cd0.9Zn0.1Te is, ceteris paribus, lower than in CdTe:Cl due to the smaller difference between the Fermi level and the levels of radiation defects in cadmium telluride. The relationship between the band gaps of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te and CdTe:Cl, the concentration of radiation defects, the Fermi level drift during irradiation, and the radiation resistance of the detectors were also noted. The important role of purity and dopant shallow donor concentration in initial state of the detector material is indicated.

Devociones religiosas colectivas y conversos en Almagro: la Cofradía de Santa María de Mirabuenos (ss. XV-XVII)

El presente artículo aborda la religiosidad local en Almagro, capital de la Orden de Calatrava en La Mancha, durante la transición de la Edad Media a la Moderna. Para ello, centramos nuestra atención en la trayectoria de una cofradía que hasta la fecha había pasado desapercibida para la historiografía: la consagrada a Santa María de Mirabuenos. Se trata del mejor ejemplo de integración de la minoría conversa en los estructuras sociales de los cristianos viejos hasta que, a fines del siglo XVI, se implanta el estatuto de limpieza de sangre y triunfa la segregación socio-religiosa en Castilla.

Abstract B21: Integrated genomic characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the confounding role of purity

Abstract We have utilized integrated genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling to perform comprehensive molecular characterization of 150 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD) specimens. PAAD demonstrates a characteristic biology notable for low neoplastic cellularity and prominent fibrotic stroma. Prior genome sequencing studies have focused on tumors with high neoplastic cellularity or have used physical techniques to enrich for tumor cell purity. Consequently, tumors with low neoplastic cellularity have been significantly underrepresented in existing genome sequencing efforts, even though they represent the majority of surgically resected PAAD samples. In a collaborative effort through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network, we comprehensively analyzed 150 clinically annotated pancreatic cancers with a minimum of 1% neoplastic cellularity. We evaluated somatic DNA mutation and copy number alterations, mRNA and miRNA sequencing, and promoter methylation in all samples as well as proteomic profiles in a subset of tumors. We have overcome technical challenges of low neoplastic cellularity in primary tumors through deep whole exome and targeted gene panel sequencing to identify high-confidence somatic mutations in all samples, including 20 samples with less than 15% cellularity as assessed by ABSOLUTE. We observe recurrent somatic mutations in genes previously reported to be common in PAAD, including KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A. We have observed copy number alterations in loci harboring the MYC, AKT2, and KRAS oncogenes and the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene, among others. Moreover, we demonstrate two distinct classes of KRAS wild-type tumors based on the presence or absence of a RAS pathway genomic alteration. While low neoplastic cellularity was addressed through increased coverage with exome sequencing, other platforms were heavily influenced by purity, including mRNA, miRNA, RPPA and methylation. We find that, in our data, previously defined expression subtypes based on NMF-consensus clustering are highly confounded by purity, whereas recently published tumor-specific subtypes are purity-independent. Furthermore, we find that naïve approaches to defining molecular subtypes across each of our platforms resulted in defining groups of samples which were confounded with purity. Therefore, we divided our dataset by the median ABSOLUTE tumor purity, creating both a high- and low-purity classifications, and employed a two-stage approach to classifying the data. We first performed unsupervised clustering on higher-purity tumors and derived molecular classifiers that are more likely to reflect tumor cell biology, rather than that of the admixed stromal, immune and normal pancreas cells. We then projected these classifiers onto the larger dataset including both the high- and low-purity samples. We found that by pre-defining these tumor-specific discriminatory features that we were able to help mitigate the tendency of low purity samples to form their own groups, and instead define subtypes of disease which were not statistically significantly associated with tumor purity. Thus, we have used quantitative purity information to create and interpret methylation, copy number, mRNA and miRNA expression signatures as well as reverse phase protein array-based proteomic profiles which also have prognostic significance in an multivariate model. Finally, we observe multiple instances of predicted and observed methylation and miRNA regulation of RNA which help describe subtypes of disease. In summary, we have used our data, including miRNA and protein expression, to expand and help understand previous genomic and transcriptomic descriptions of PAAD. These data describe the molecular landscape of pancreatic cancer and may serve as a roadmap for future study of this disease. Citation Format: Richard A. Moffitt, on behalf of the Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network.{Authors}. Integrated genomic characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the confounding role of purity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.

Modern sport between purity and hybridity

Issues of purity are central to modern sport, as well as to modernity in general. This paper ponders the role of purity in modern sport by also including its counterpart, hybridity, in the discussion. In sport studies, the concept of the ‘human’ is identified as something taken for granted, and therefore remains under-theorized. Bruno Latour's conception of modernity and scientific practice is here combined with Sigmund Loland's analogy between scientific experiments and sport competitions. Purity is assumed to be related to the idea of modern sport as a practice, which revolves around distilling samples of ‘humanness’ that should not be polluted by non-human interference. This paper argues that while modern sport strives to minimize non-human impact, it acknowledges the hybrid material that sport results are moulded from. The concept ‘Human’ is therefore not an a priori in modern sport but an a posteriori.

Fear and loathing in the Turkish national imagination

AbstractBlood, sexual honor, and “Muslim-ness” are related discourses that in Turkey produce national subjects in the service of the state. The national narrative brands a subject's perception of self, attributes of the body, and everyday practices with highly resonant markers of belonging. The maintenance of a national identity requires continual vigilance against the threat of forgetting, losing the coherence of the narrative, and disappearing. I will examine the role of purity and boundaries in reproducing Turkish national identity, with particular focus on two key metaphors of threat: the missionary and the headscarf.

Cyclophilin A differentially activates monocytes and endothelial cells: Role of purity, activity, and endotoxin contamination in commercial preparations

BackgroundCyclophilin A (CyPA) is a cytoplasmic protein secreted under inflammatory conditions. Extracellular CyPA is detected in atherosclerotic plaques and has been observed to activate endothelial cells as well as monocytes. Methods and resultsCommercially available recombinant CyPA-induced expression of tissue factor (TF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). However, CyPA from commercial sources contained lipopolysaccharide at concentrations up to 18.9ng/ml; moreover, it exhibited low purity as determined by protein spectrum analysis and low activity as assessed by peptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) assay. An in-house preparation of pure, active, and uncontaminated CyPA failed to induce endothelial TF or VCAM-1 expression; moreover, it was not chemotactic for HAEC. In contrast, such CyPA exhibited potent chemotactic activity on monocytic THP-1 cells, with a maximal effect on migration occurring at a concentration of 5.5×10−9mol/l. Pretreatment of CyPA with cyclosporine A prevented its effect on THP-1 cell migration; similarly, PPIase-deficient mutant CyPA protein did not induce migration of these cells. In-house prepared CyPA induced the release of Il-6, but not TNF-α, from THP-1 cells. ConclusionsCommercially available CyPA exhibits low purity and activity and may be contaminated by endotoxin. Pure, active, and uncontaminated CyPA does not induce endothelial TF or VCAM-1 expression; instead, it acts as a potent monocyte chemoattractant and induces monocyte Il-6 release, implying a role for extracellular CyPA in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via activation of monocytes rather than endothelial cells.