Role Of Public Sector Research Articles

Surplus Food Recovery and Food Aid: The Pivotal Role of Non-profit Organisations. Insights From Italy and Germany

Food security and food waste are unanimously recognised as relevant issues affecting the whole society and should be therefore acknowledged as a priority on the public agenda. Nonetheless, in many countries the third sector stands in for public actors and operates to tackle both these issues. This paper explores the role of public and third sector in tackling food poverty and food waste, particularly analysing the role of the non-profit organisations involved in the food recovery and redistribution processes in two European regions: Lombardy (Italy) and Baden-Württemberg (Germany). By comparing the two different policy framework and the organisations’ actions, the study recognises the ability of the non-profit sector to create new relationships among different actors (private for-profit, private non-profit as well as public actors) while answering various unmet needs. The paper draws on a mix of secondary and primary data including observations and interviews in the two regions carried out in 2014 and focuses on two relevant case studies (the “Associazione Banco Alimentare” and the “Tafel”).

Transforming the Role of Public Policies for Innovation: Governing the Evolutionary Process

While the role of public sector for innovation has been downplayed in the dominant, market-centered view, advanced economies are facing challenges to develop novel approaches to innovation policies. Reasons behind this include the changing focus of innovation and the catch-up by the latecomer countries. Based on a detailed case study of the implementation of a novel approach to innovation policy, demand- and user-driven innovation (DUI) policy, in EU and Finland, this paper examines how the role of the public sector has been transformed in implementing innovation policies and argues that the novel role of the public and semi-public sectors in a DUI policy can be understood as the governance of the evolutionary process of innovation, where the public and semi-public sectors should be deeply involved in the innovation process. This is contrary to the conventional role of the public sector to provide useful complementary resources such as institutional frameworks, funding, and education, while standing outside the innovation process. From institutionalist perspectives, the Nordic welfare and corporatist institutions, including the active third-sector organizations, might play a key role in implementing DUI policies.

An effects analysis of logistics collaboration in last-mile networks for CEP delivery services

Rapid increases in courier, express, and parcel (CEP) delivery demand have made environment- and traffic-related issues important in metropolitan areas. This study analytically formulates CEP delivery behaviors in last-mile networks to estimate the effects of logistics collaboration for apartment complexes. Reflecting courier delivery behavior, the CEP delivery problem was divided into horizontal and vertical routing problems. Optimization methodologies commonly utilized in the operations research area were employed for the analytical modeling of these two routing behaviors. The proposed methodologies were applied to apartment complexes in Seoul, Korea. It was found that the financial feasibility of CEP collaboration is guaranteed when the number of households in an apartment complex exceeds about 900. From the financial perspective, CEP collaboration is applicable to 9.1–19.4% of the apartment households in Seoul. In addition, CEP collaboration was analyzed to provide a meaningful amount of social cost savings, implying its economic feasibility. The public sector's roles in stimulating CEP collaboration are discussed from financial and legislative perspectives.

Making Mechanization Accessible to Smallholder Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper summarizes the deliberations at a meeting convened by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation held in Beijing in October 2015. Farm power and mechanization are agricultural production inputs that will be essential to raise the labor and land productivity required if Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 2 (ending poverty and hunger) are to be achieved. The smallholder farm sector demand for mechanization needs to be raised to stimulate the product value chain and activate input supply (that is to raise farm productivity, stimulate value addition, and encourage private sector custom hire service provision). The sustainability of mechanization from a natural resource conservation point of view is discussed with reference to conservation agriculture principles. Mechanization appropriate for the smallholder sector covers the range of possible power sources human, draft animal and motorized. The key is to engage all the stakeholders in the supply chain and offer a range of suitable options from which the user can select. Sustainability of mechanization includes financial and social, as well as environmental factors. Local manufacturers should be supported where feasible as they can provide implements and machines adapted to local conditions—and better technical service and replacement part supply. The public sector role in providing access to mechanization should be restricted to promulgating enabling policies, building technical and business management skills and stimulating demand. The lessons to be learnt from Chinese experience in making mechanization available to smallholder farmers include subsidies, strong extension services, infrastructure development and a solid manufacturing sector that prioritizes the smallholder sector. The implications for sub-Saharan Africa appear to be that group ownership and custom hire service provision are the models to follow. Finally, the relevance of an African Center for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization, on the model of CSAM in Beijing, is considered and recommended.

Banking regulation in China, the role of public and private sectors

Banking regulation in China, the role of public and private sectors

Offline: Uncivil society

Offline: Uncivil society

TOD(대중교통중심)형 도시개발 특성 및 발전전략에 관한 연구

The aim of this study was to suggest characteristics and strategies of urban development focused on Transit Oriented Development (TOD). For this study, the relevant concepts of TOD were reviewed, and the types of urban development based on TOD was surveyed. As a case study, 7 TOD projects implemented in advanced countries were analyzed in the terms to change in urban spatial structure, urban balance development and connection of public transportation. The conclusions are as follows. First, the regal system and the support mechanism for success of the public-private partnership are essential for TOD. Second, the role of public sector leads planning, implementation and management should be emphasized in the development process, and mitigation of the development density and revision of a municipal ordinance for promoting TOD are necessary. Third, a public transportation plan and land-use plan in the downtown areas should be integrated, and the enlargement of the urban infrastructure through public assets by the local authority is essential.

Transition management towards sustainable mobility in Alpine destinations: realities and realpolitik in Italy's South Tyrol region

ABSTRACTSustainable mobility, including public transport and human-powered slow mobility is a priority for the sustainable development of tourism destinations, but it is a complex challenge to devise, implement and manage. This paper explores the mechanisms and conditions governing transition towards sustainable mobility in destinations, using a complexity-based approach. Destinations are understood as complex adaptive systems where social-ecological, socio-technical and socio-political subsystems interact dynamically with the tourism subsystem. These subsystems are interwoven and undergo significant, and inter-related, changes during transition towards more sustainable mobility. Three examples from the tourism intensive Alpine destination of South Tyrol (Italy) illustrate subsystem interactions during the transition process. Key player interview-based qualitative research indicates that the complexity of transition management is rooted particularly in the paired presence of risk aversion among local stakeholders and the unpredictability of visitor flows. Mitigating risk aversion through collective knowledge creation and offering answers to unpredictability by developing a strong adaptive and (re)organisation capacity seem to be required to adjust sustainable mobility solutions to continuous market changes, to convince stakeholders and to guarantee incremental and durable success. The public sector's special role is noted, as are the time demands of transition management, and the value of both formal and informal partnerships.

Employer Voices, Employer Demands, and Implications for Public Skills Development Policy Connecting the Labor and Education Sectors

Educators believe that they are adequately preparing youth for the labor market while at the same time employers lament the students' lack of skills. A possible source of the mismatch in perceptions is that employers and educators have different understandings of the types of skills valued in the labor market. Using economics and psychology literature to define four skills sets—socio-emotional, higher-order cognitive, basic cognitive, and technical—this paper reviews the literature that quantitatively measures employer skill demand, as reported in a preference survey. A sample of 27 studies reveals remarkable consistency across the world in the skills demanded by employers. While employers value all skill sets, there is a greater demand for socio-emotional skills and higher-order cognitive skills than for basic cognitive or technical skills. These results are robust across region, industry, occupation, and education level. Employers perceive that the greatest skills gaps are in socio-emotional and higher-order cognitive skills. These findings suggest the need to re-conceptualize the public sector's role in preparing children for a future labor market. Namely, technical training is not equivalent to job training; instead, a broad range of skills, many of which are best taught long before labor market entry, should be included in school curricula from the earliest ages. The skills most demanded by employers—higher-order cognitive skills and socio-emotional skills—are largely learned or refined in adolescence, arguing for a general education well into secondary school until these skills are formed. Finally, the public sector can provide programming and incentives to non-school actors, namely parents and employers, to encourage them to invest in the skills development process.

Role of Public Sector in Economic Development A Comparative Analysis of Adam Smith

Role of Public Sector in Economic Development A Comparative Analysis of Adam Smith

Sustainably Managing the Bimbia Slave Trade Village – The Public Sector Role

Tourism is a global industry therefore good practices in sustainable tourism management at destinations tends to be applicable internationally; this therefore means that it is possible to learn from the experience and development in the sustainable destination management taking place in any particular country and try to adapt the techniques to your culture. A destination needs to be managed properly to achieve its aim and this sustainable partnerships in tourism development means there must be a joint negotiation and acceptance on the approach to be carried out in which case the goals are mutually defined and endorsed and the techniques of designed agreed and are jointly operated. In order to meet the needs of the future depends on how well we balance social, economic, and environmental objectives when making decisions today. The Bimbia slave port has a great cultural, historic and touristic importance to Cameroon and that is why the government as well as United States Embassy in Yaounde has been put in a lot of money to help preserve its collective cultural memory.

Public and Private Translation Sectors in Jordan

The present paper aims to highlight the role of public and private sectors in the Jordanian translation movement. The paper starts with a general introduction about translation and interpretation in Jordan. The role of public and private sectors in prompting the translation movement in Jordan is thoroughly investigated through providing names, statistics and highlighting and commenting on the main activities carried out by these organizations. The Jordan Committee of Arabicization, Translation and Publication; Jordan Academy for Arabic; The Royal Scientific Society; The Royal Academy for Islamic Civilization Institute for Islamic Thought; Ministries and Governmental Institutions; The Ministry of Culture; The Ministry of Education; The Ministry of Communication; The Ministry of Awqaf; The Ministry of Information; The Ministry of Health; The Ministry of Tourism; The Jordanian Universities; and the Private Sector such as the Private Publishers are investigated. The paper concludes with some conclusion and recommendations that benefit translators, student of translation, researchers and people in charge of translation alike..

Trójsektorowość podejścia LEADER w założeniach i w praktyce wdrażania w okresie programowania 2007–2013 na przykładzie województwa śląskiego

The main goal of the article was to evaluate the level of the individual sector involvement in tri-sector partnership in submitting LEADER programme projects (called “small projects”). The research was conducted in 15 Local Action Groups of the Śląskie Voivodeship, Poland; 3161 “small projects” submitted in 2009-2014 were analysed. The research has shown that:1) It seems that there is a considerable connection between the involvement level of each sector (social, private and public) in submitting LEADER projects and the development potential of each rural area in micro-regional context.2) The involvement level of social sector is quite high in every local action group, which can be regarded as a relative success of LEADER approach implementation in the Śląskie Voivodeship in Poland.3) The fact identified in other research that public sector is a major applicant in LEADER projects was confirmed. It could be considered as a real constraint in harmonic development of tri-sector partnerships in the future, but on the other hand it could be also a positive phenomenon, which enables LEADER implementation in these rural areas, where many obstacles limit access to LEADER funds by representation of the other sectors.These conclusions show that there is a great need of better promotion of LEADER approach especially among social and private sector. Moreover, it seems that LEADER requires a wide debate on its functions, real effects, and the role of public sector in LEADER programme implementation. It is particularly important in the current EU financial framework 2014-2020 in Poland as new regulations restrict the accessibility of LEADER funds for public sector.

Fiscal Dividend from Saving, Investment and Per Capita Income Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Panel Data Analysis

Most of sub-Saharan Africa countries (SSA) have recorded impressive rates of growth and remained resilient to shocks especially during the recent past. Nevertheless, the status of social welfare has remained low as manifested by poor quality of standard of living and short longevity of life. In cognizance of the role of public sector to wellbeing through the fiscal arrangement, the objective of this study was to unearth the extent to which SSA have taken advantage of the achieved saving, investment and growth performance to enhance fiscal gains. Panel data analysis of 40 countries was done and results indicated that per capita income growth, total investment and gross national saving bolstered governments’ revenue and thus reduced budget deficits in SSA, except in the global economic crisis during which, only saving yielded significant fiscal dividend in terms of cushioning the revenue. In view of this, enhancing national savings (both public and private) in SSA can appropriate surpassing return to fiscal stance.

La diffusione dei servizi online come indicatore della qualità del settore pubblico

This paper focuses on the role of public sector in shaping the competitiveness of national economic systems and proposes an alternative measure of the quality of public administrations based on the availability of public eService. Using the Eiburs-Taips database, which allows a comparative analysis of the diffusion of four typologies of public eService (eGovernment, Intelligent Transport Systems, eHealth, and eProcurement), different patterns of performance are highlighted across PAs at the national and local (city) levels in UE15. The use of novel e-service based indicators confirms that Mediterranean countries, including Italy, lag behind the best performers of Northern Europe. Over and above national differences, the degree of specialisation in service categories largely varies also within countries and across large cities in Europe, suggesting that public policies should be fine tuned in this respect. Italy exhibits a rather weak performance overall, and in the areas of Infomobility and eProcurement in particular, which appear to be the most urgent areas wherein a competitive gap must be filled relative to other UE countries.

The Role of DFIs in Industrial Growth and Transformation: Why the East Asian Countries Succeeded and Pakistan Did Not

In this paper we explore how development finance institutions (DFIs) helped to promote industrial growth with active role of public sector in emerging market economies – Korea, China, India, Malaysia, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey. The DFIs provided long-term credit financing which led to structural transformation of their economies. These countries have succeeded in spectacular fashion at this transformation over the past four decades but Pakistan did not; why? There has been an endless debate concerning the role of the public sector vis-à-vis the private sector in promoting economic growth and it continues in the present. I begin by asserting that historically public sector has been in the forefront in starting and sustaining economic growth. This not a leap of faith, rather this has been the experience of most emerging economies. They have gone through reforms, liberalization and structural adjustment, ushering in market-based policy regime and opening up foreign trade and capital flows.

Fiscal Policies as Boost of the Economic Development of Kosovo

Knowing that in a world where everything seems to be changing, doing all you can to build a proper Fiscal policy as boost of the economic development, presents a new and very often dismaying challenges for most of the countries in the region and particularly for the Kosovo as a transition country. This research study will include first of all the role of public sector in the economy of Kosovo, through the analysis of the economic and fiscal policies and drafting the strategic development plans for stimulating measures for creating new workplaces and employment growth rate, undertaken by the government of Kosovo in comparison with some other regional countries. According to many publications and analyses, the economy of Kosovo will not be disqualified by external developments and it is necessary for the government to take adequate measures to create gently calming effect of the situation. It is well known that Fiscal Policy affects the materialization of the economic policy aiming first of all, price stability, level of employment, solvent balance of payments, and economic growth rate, through collecting the public income and public expenditure realization, which creates effects on macroeconomic aggregate performance and its behavior of economic entities in Kosovo. Fiscal policy in interaction with other government policies has a special importance in the national economy which would help in the formulation of financial strategy and strategic development objectives, as well as the analysis mainly of the private sector which continually has to play the leading role in the development of the national economy. So, the special focus of this paper will be on fiscal policy, which has an impact on budget revenues due to the possible decrease of imports and trying to increase exports – as a result of financial supporting of Kosovo manufacturing private business for creating the lower overall demand for imported products and services, having in mind that the current main source of budget revenues of Kosovo are the border customs and the tax revenues. This may have a reflection in public spending with periodically negative impacts on economic activities of the Kosovo, with one good appearance on long term development orientation. From other side the reducing economic activities also have a strong effect on level of savings in Kosovo which could be proved declining the level of deposits. Finally in concluding part of this research paper will be given suggestions for improvement and overcoming problems is facing the economy of Kosovo. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2p479

Emprendedores y capital riesgo en España: el caso de Fond-ICO Global

En este trabajo se revisan las bondades del capital riesgo como fuente alternativa de financiación empresarial, especialmente para empresas que se hallan en las primeras fases de desarrollo. Asimismo, se expone cómo el ecosistema emprendedor es importante a la hora de generar innovación y reactivar la economía. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia que el sector público tiene en el estímulo de la actividad emprendedora y en el fomento del capital riesgo como forma de financiación, en este artículo se analizan los factores de éxito de las iniciativas públicas y el reciente programa español Fond-ICO Global.

Business Orientated to Women and Her Impact on Economy (Case Kosovo)

Women, 60 years earlier demanded their basic rights, employment rights, education and equal right with men in society - especially, their rights in their family. Nowadays, women lend a hand to the world with combination of huge sacrifice, hard work and vision. Their skills are performed in high performance and education gained brought them into a position of power and influence in business, political participation and influence in society. As we can see, a woman in the world today plays crucial part in society as well in economic development. Why has the expansion of women’s economic ,education and political rights coincided with economic development in one society? A radical change is taking place in the world, which includes the changes in relation to their work places, their homes, markets, and peaceful struggle for influence women greater participation in politic as well as in society. Women, today earn a lots of money from her work and those money they spend on products that they wish facilitate her life. It is also well known that women saves her money and also have the knowledge to invest them in correct way Today, one billion women participate in the global job - this number will going to grow to 1.2 billion over the five next years. It’s already the time to understand that “The Economy which will be oriented to women will have a big impact on the global economy . After the war (1999), political developments, have naturally given their own impact on social and in economic development of Kosovo. The work on this article is doing by used all data concerning for the impact of Kosova’s women in society but also in the economy, have seen under perspective of increasing its role in society and in the economy. The analysis show also their leadership role in public and private sector as well, convinced that if a women empower economically the society will develops economically too and we are trying to understand themselves and the perception of women in this process and their commitment. As the primary data for preparation of this article we were conducted using questionnaires from 35 Kosovo’s women from urban and rural areas that have made to understand us, their role in economic development. And as a secondary data were used published reports by relevant Kosovo Institutions and books by different authors. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s1p43

Challenges for Industrialisation in India: State versus Market Policies

The study is important because there currently seems to be a gap in the literature, since most published research has highlighted India’s overall GDP growth rates. Little academic research has been done on the importance and performance of industrial sectors in a developing economy like that of India. The industrial sector there has languished at around 16% of GDP, which is much less than that of China or of any other country at India’s stage of economic development.The neoliberal reforms of 1991 in India removed tariffs and barriers to foreign trade and investment. India reduced the role of state and public sector, and dismantled controls, while increasing the role of the market and private sector within the economy. As a result, foreign capital investment and foreign exchange reserves improved. However, job expansion did not occur and there has been no corresponding decline in the share in agricultural employment. Even the much heralded IT sector’s dramatic expansion over the last two decades has provided jobs directly to less than a million people.This study argues that it would be misleading to think that a large country like India could industrialise and modernise its economy whilst the unequal distribution of land and rural assets, and the dismal performance of the agricultural sector remains. This study concludes that more than two decades have passed since the neoliberal reforms were launched, but industrial growth has still not witnessed rapid expansion, especially in manufacturing areas. It seems, then, that neoliberal policies have failed to create jobs and thus improve the living conditions of a significant proportion of the population.