Role Of Public Sector Research Articles

Legitimation strategies in emerging ecosystems: The case of advanced air mobility in Hamburg

This study provides insights into the legitimation process of emerging ecosystems and strengthens the conceptual link between entrepreneurial ecosystems and economic geography. It examines existing theoretical frameworks on legitimation strategies in emerging entrepreneurial ecosystems by inquiring into advanced air mobility (AAM), an area in which innovation faces exceptionally high legitimation challenges. The initial integration of drones for logistics and air taxis for passenger transport is surrounded by ambiguous future visions that range from high expectations to concerns about developing a mobility form that is neither sustainable nor socially acceptable and affordable. Empirically, this article offers an analytical understanding of the collective legitimation strategies within the emerging AAM ecosystem in Hamburg, Germany. For this, we used multiple qualitative methods and data sources: (1) a contextualizing network analysis, (2) semi-structured interviews with 22 representatives of tech and policy development, and (3) participatory observation from applied research projects. Based on the empirical material, we find that the current conceptual debate underestimates the public sector's role in ecosystem emergence and legitimation. As AAM depends on fundamental regulatory change, authorities and state-owned companies in the aviation sector have a decisive influence on the emergence of the ecosystem. Furthermore, our findings highlight how global discourses shape local practices and expectations. By combining cross-sectoral knowledge, entrepreneurs and policymakers aim to identify feasible use cases for their place-specific context. Nevertheless, the lack of a collective identity within the ecosystem, which comes largely from the uncertainties of AAM, poses numerous challenges for ecosystem participants addressing their liability of newness.

Navigating Burnout in the Public Sector: Strategies for Enhancing Employee Well-Being and Organizational Performance

Burnout has become a critical concern in public sector organizations, with recent studies showing that its impacts extend beyond employees' personal well-being, severely affecting organizational performance. This article aims to identify key contributors to burnout by extracting qualitative secondary data, including research findings, case study material, and employee narratives. Using Maslach's Burnout Inventory as a framework, the study focuses on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment as the primary dimensions of burnout. Key factors such as high workload, bureaucratic pressure, and emotional labor are examined, alongside their detrimental consequences on job performance, mental health, and public trust. This study highlights successful leadership interventions aimed at mitigating burnout. Case studies from public health agencies, local government offices, social services, and educational institutions reveal that leadership style, resource deployment, and employee engagement are significant in minimizing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction. Transformational leadership, flexible work arrangements, peer support programs, and recognition initiatives are presented as practical interventions that improve employee well-being. The article also underscores limitations in existing literature and calls for more comprehensive, longitudinal studies across distinct public sector roles to fully capture the long-term effects of burnout. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of incorporating employee feedback into the design of well-being initiatives to promote work-life balance. In conclusion, this paper offers actionable recommendations for public sector leaders and policymakers, advocating for a holistic approach to managing burnout. By fostering supportive work environments, public sector organizations can enhance their effectiveness in serving communities, while contributing valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on organizational well-being.

Transitioning to Private Dental Practice: An In-depth Exploration of Dental Graduates' Perspectives in Saudi Arabia.

Graduates of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery program meet the qualifications set by Saudi universities and pass the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties License Examination to practice dentistry. However, ambiguity persists concerning their preparedness for private dentistry. This study explored how dental graduates perceive their readiness to operate in the private sector. A qualitative study was conducted by interviewing dental graduates from different dental schools across Saudi Arabia using a semistructured interview guide with convenience sampling until thematic saturation was achieved. All interviews were verbatim transcribed and analyzed manually by two researchers working independently using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach. A total of 35 participants from Saudi dental schools across five distinct regions (North, South, East, West, and Central) were included in the study. Data analysis revealed four prominent themes believed to influence participants' readiness for private practice: (1) communication skills-concerns regarding proficiency in areas crucial for ensuring patient satisfaction, (2) technical management skills-uncertainty in aspects such as practice setup and dental insurance, (3) pedagogical curriculum design-primarily tailored to public sector roles, and (4) legal and ethical issues-concerns about legal and ethical issues intrinsic to dental practice. The transition of Saudi dental graduates into private practice is influenced by multiple obstacles, encompassing factors related to their knowledge and skills in patient communication, technical management, education curriculum design, and familiarity with legal intricacies. Exploring dental graduates' perceptions in relation to private practice is clinically significant as it highlights specific areas, including communication skills, where effective communication with both children and parents is paramount in private dentistry; technical management; curriculum adaptation; and legal/ethical awareness, where targeted interventions can enhance the quality and safety of dental care provided in private practice. These insights can lead to improvements in dental education and practice management, ultimately benefiting both dentists and patients in the private dental sector. Moafa I, Jafer A, Almashnawi M, et al. Transitioning to Private Dental Practice: An In-depth Exploration of Dental Graduates' Perspectives in Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(7):777-782.

Health and equity impacts of global consultancy firms

BackgroundConcern is growing over the power, influence, and threats to health and equity from the operations of large global consultancy firms. Collectively, these firms support a neoliberal policy environment promoting business interests ahead of public health. Global consultancy firms act as commercial determinants of health, an evolving area of research over recent years. However, this research mainly focuses on specific corporations or industry sectors, especially those which produce harmful products, including ultra-processed food, alcohol, and fossil fuels. It is therefore important to expand the focus to include large global consultancy firms and place a public health and equity lens over their operations.Main bodyGlobal consultancy firms have wide-ranging conflicts of interest. These arise from the ‘revolving door’ employment strategies between their own staff and those from government and regulatory bodies. These firms also advise governments on taxation and other matters while concurrently advising corporate clients on ways to minimise taxation. They advise fossil fuel corporations while also advising governments on climate and health policies. These firms undermine the capabilities of the public sector through the outsourcing of traditional public sector roles to these private interests. Consultancy firms foster private interests through their engagement with the higher education sector, and thereby weaken the tradition of transparent management of university affairs by accountable university councils. While private consultancies cannot be blamed for all the negative consequences for health and equity caused by the problems associated with globalisation and advanced capitalism, they have played a role in amplifying them.ConclusionAddressing the negative impacts of global consultancy firms will require strengthening the public sector, enforcing greater transparency, accountability, and minimising conflicts of interest. It will also demand critical thought, counter discourses, and activism to reframe the narratives supporting neo-liberal ideas of governance that are promoted in both government and business arenas.

Sustainable production and dissemination of genetically improved farmed tilapia seed in smallholder farming systems: A case study from Timor-Leste

CONTEXTTimor-Leste's National Aquaculture Development Strategy (NADS) 2012–30 aims to achieve an annual aquaculture production of 12,000 tons by 2030 to raise per capita fish consumption from 6.1 kg in 2010 to 15 kg. Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) is identified as the most suitable species under Timor-Leste's existing farming systems and agro-ecological context. It is expected to account for two-thirds of total aquaculture production, requiring over 30 million fingerlings annually, necessitating a strong role of public and private sectors to develop a sustainable hatchery model for producing and supplying high quality GIFT fingerlings to fish farmers on a mass-scale. OBJECTIVEThe major objective was to conceptualize and apply a public-private partnership (PPP) model to produce and disseminate high-quality monosex GIFT seed by public and private hatcheries across Timor-Leste. METHODSModel GIFT hatcheries were established and monitored using a standard protocol developed by the R&D team. Data on total eggs, clutch size, incubation survival rate, swim-up fry, and monosex fry produced were recorded on a weekly basis. The performance of hatcheries was compared using descriptive statistics at a 5% level of significance. Economic analysis was conducted to compare production costs, gross profits, and net profits among hatcheries and nurseries. Enabling conditions and factors for effective PPP were identified. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSThe WorldFish, in collaboration with Timor-Leste's Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, upgraded an existing public hatchery in Gleno, Ermera, introduced GIFT in 2015, and developed it as a GIFT broodstock centre to supply quality brood fry to other hatcheries. To produce monosex seed on a mass-scale, four PPP model GIFT hatcheries were established between 2019 and 2023. Results from a public hatchery and two initially established PPP model hatcheries showed that the hatchery in Parlamento had significantly higher (P < 0.05) monthly production of eggs, swim-up fry, monosex fry, and clutch sizes. On average, over 177,000 monosex fry per month were produced by those three hatcheries. Local service providers (LSPs), self-employed youths who have been recruited and trained to facilitate input supply and output marketing, purchase GIFT fry from the hatcheries, nurse them to fingerling size, and supply them to farmers. To achieve high seed production and supply targets, scaling of PPP model hatcheries, nurseries, and LSPs along with effective training and technical back-up, favourable policies, institutional environments, and governance mechanisms, is necessary. SIGNIFICANCEThe PPP model GIFT hatcheries are scalable across inland farming systems in Timor-Leste and other countries with similar agro-ecological, socio-economic, and climatic contexts.

Municipal Solid Waste Management: An Assessment of the Management Framework In Zambia

Governance mechanisms for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) are critical to the sustainable management of waste for effective environmental management and public health. These mechanisms are dependent on management frameworks upon which they are based. This study aimed at assessing current frameworks for managing MSW in Zambia using a descriptive research design with a questionnaire being the data collection tool. Eighty purposively sampled respondents were administered and the tool had a 90 per cent response rate. Data analysis involved the use of frequency tables, percentages, bar, the mean, and standard deviation. The results were as follows; male respondents were 73 per cent as compared to female respondents at 27 per cent, respectively, while source of generation for residential areas was at 88 per cent. Public sector role in the governance of MWS 66.7 per cent, private sector (18.9%), NGOs (7.8%), with academia 2.2 per cent, others 4.4 per cent respectively. Frequency of collection was as follows: daily (45.7%), twice a week (14.9%), weekly (39.4%). Recycling of MSW by the private sector (47.2%), municipality (14.6%), and a combination of both accounted for 38.2 per cent. Management of final disposal sites by private sector (11.7%), municipalities (44.6%) and co-managed sites (43.5%). Lack of technical capacity to develop and implement policies by municipalities was 33 per cent while lack of financial resources for the waste management sector (39%). The results of the study indicate a growing and rooted challenge in the governance of MSW in Zambia. Therefore, governance mechanisms must be based on robust and effective frameworks that will ensure effective service delivery by local authorities with the involvement of all stakeholders, gender and social inclusion and also effective development and application of policies, technology and financial resources. This will result into sustainable waste management service to protect public health and the environment and ultimately implement a circular economy model.

Managing economic operations in the face of military and political turmoil: evaluating the public sector's role

The focus of the forthcoming article centers on the intricacies of public administration in times of conflict and political turmoil. Its pertinence stems from the enduring impact of military confrontations on both domestic and global economic landscapes, necessitating governmental adaptability. Through comprehensive analysis, the article seeks to delineate the hurdles and approaches to governing economic affairs amid military and political crises. At its core, the study delves into the dynamics of public administration during tumultuous periods. Employing a diverse array of methodologies, including comparative analysis and modeling, the research underscores the imperative of restructuring public administration amidst crises. Unlike peacetime, wartime demands a multifaceted approach from public administrators, encompassing resource mobilization, industrial realignment, economic stabilization, supply chain management, and socio-political stability maintenance. The research underscores the criticality of agility and innovation in administrative responses to crisis challenges, emphasizing the potential ramifications of inflexibility. Ultimately, the findings serve as a practical guide for governments in devising crisis management strategies, offering insights into effective governance amidst adversity.

Unveiling the Lecturers’ and Students' Needs in English for Public Administration Program: Essential Vocabulary Topics, Instructional Methods, and Learning Challenges

The lack of attention given in scholarly research to the particular requirements of Public Administration has resulted in a knowledge deficit to suit students' interests in this discipline. Prior research has predominantly examined the quantitative dimensions of vocabulary acquisition while neglecting to adequately consider the qualitative aspects, including comprehension and language use, in a contextually appropriate manner. This study aims to fill in these knowledge deficits by investigating vocabulary themes or topics related to Public Administration, evaluating existing instructional approaches and challenges, and suggesting enhancements to bolster students' English language proficiency in Public Administration. The study employs a qualitative methodology, including an open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interviews with four lecturers and 100 first-year students from three universities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The findings revealed that the English for Public Administration curriculum requires a diverse vocabulary of topics from administration, management, and governance to more nuanced areas such as economics, finance, taxation, social and ethics, technology and digitalization, leadership, and regulation and law. Various teaching and assessment strategies regarding instructional methods, including interactive and collaborative methods, technology integration, and contextual learning, suggest the importance of engaging students with diverse and practically relevant content to prepare them for the multifarious nature of public sector roles. Students, however, found some challenges in the complexity of the Public Administration vocabulary, highlighting the need for tailoring educational strategies, such as project-based learning and vocabulary reinforcement techniques, to overcome these obstacles. The study's findings have substantial implications for policymakers, curriculum developers, and lecturers specializing in public administration education.

Beyond Control Towers, Vending Machines, Networks and Platforms towards more dynamic, living metaphors for governance

Metaphors affect how humans perceive and interact with reality, not least in governments, so our metaphors for government and governance matter. In this article, early metaphors such as government as Leviathan, machine, control tower and vending machine are shown to be limited, as are their replacements, like government as network and government as platform. Instead, the article suggests conceptualising government and governance as a ‘moral ecology’, to do justice to the complex and evolving roles of public sectors and public officials amid global turbulence and increasingly challenging domestic circumstances.

The Effect of Public Sector Accounting Implementation to Prevent Fraud in the Public Sector in the Digital Era at PT. PLN UP3 Binjai

This study supposed to determine the effect of the application of public sector accounting to prevent fraud in the public sector in the digital era at Pt. Pln Up3 Binjai The method used by the author in this research is This research uses qualitative descriptive research methods. This qualitative descriptive research is to determine the role of public sector accounting to prevent fraud in the public sector in the digital era at PT. PLN Up3 Binjai. This descriptive study aims to provide researchers with a history or to describe aspects relevant to the phenomenon of attention from the perspective of an organization. The type of data the author uses in this research is qualitative data. This qualitative data is obtained from direct interviews with the Internal Supervisory Unit (SPI) regarding the Role of the Internal Supervisory Unit in fraud prevention at PT PLN UP3 Binjai. The results of the conclusions in this study are the first characteristics of fraud in the public sector that occur in the digital era, including the use of misconceptions about the role of digital technology in carrying out the duties of public accountants, utilizing digital technology to optimize opportunities for fraud, taking advantage of problems in human error and lack of knowledge in the use of digital technology, using digital technology products. Furthermore, the application of Public Sector Accounting can prevent fraud in the public sector in the digital era if implemented by considering factors that affect fraud, such as performance accountability, and accompanied by the application of fraud prevention methods which include technical strategies, two paradigm approaches, and preventive strategies.

Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities): Initial Good Practices Data

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a central framework for guiding sustainable urban development. However, it is not clear how and where SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) is being implemented, and how such implementation might be improved. We investigate this subject by analyzing United Nations (UN) SDG Good Practices data from 2018 to 2021, using content analysis, classification, and descriptive statistics. The resulting analysis and classification is new in this field. We applied five criteria to the 336 SDG 11 responses: (1) geography; (2) actors; (3) progress toward targets; (4) areas of implementation; and (5) scale of action. Overall, 86 of the 193 countries that adopted the 2030 Agenda submitted at least one SDG 11 good practice. Thirty-three countries contributed 73.8% of the total, and most developing countries did not make submissions. A very small number of responses (between 2.6 and 9.1%) addressed equity-related targets. Good practices from developed countries were usually more technology-oriented and system-forming; developing countries typically focused on issues of day-to-day concern. This analysis points to the need for better and more systematic reporting on SDG 11 implementation, a more active public sector role in SDG implementation and reporting, more focus on dimensions related to social equity, and better formulation of urban sustainability targets and indicators.

The public sector's role towards sustainable agricultural economy and rural development: Techno-economic feasibility analysis of hybrid paddy production

Rice is the major food and a significant source of foreign exchange. To meet internal demand, must develop high quality varieties of rice, including early and late maturing varieties, hybrid and conventional rice varieties. In this study evaluated the adoptability and suitability of different hybrid rice varieties in local soil. The studied hybrid varieties revealed supremacy regarding the growth characters over the inbreed rice. At the reproductive stage, highest plant height was recorded in hybrid variety ennpova-55 (106.5 cm) while inbreed IRRI-9 produced the shortest height (65.5 cm). Whereas no of highest tillers was observed in Winner-55, Tahafuz-121, and Ashoka (24/m-2) and have highest seedling number and lowest no. of tillers were recorded in Komal 21/m-2. Highest plant dry matter per hill was found in Ennova-55 (95.9/g) and lowest observed in IRRI-9 (69.8/g) as compared to others. In chlorophyll studies, highest chlorophyll parameter was observed in Ennova-08 and Pukhraj and lowest was observed only in inbreed varieties. Shoot and root length showed significant variation among the rice. Tallest shoot was found in Ennova-55 (82.3 cm) which was statistically identical with Thafuz-121 (78.1cm), while shortest was found in IRRI-9 (54.1 cm) at harvest. However, the maximum Leaf area index was recorded from Komal (4.50) at heading stage followed by Ennova-55 (4.20), whereas significantly lower in Shakar (2.70). Compared with inbreed, hybrid rice produced a higher yield with BCR of 21.96. However, further research studies are obligatory to perform for adoptability of hybrid rice locally for sustainable rice production.

A cross-sectional study on factors influencing patient participation in undergraduate medical education in a public and private hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa

BackgroundThe active involvement of patients in medical education is a common practice globally. Despite this, there is a global paucity of data on patients’ views on their role in medical education. As such this study aimed to identify factors that influence patient participation in undergraduate medical education in public and private hospitals in Johannesburg.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, using a 23-question, self-designed, paper questionnaire to collect data on patients’ perceptions of student involvement in their care – with regard to consent, confidentiality, ethics, and patient preferences. Participants were recruited on a voluntary basis in the Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Gynaecology, at selected hospital sites. Fisher’s Exact and Chi-Square statistical tests were used where appropriate.ResultsTwo hundred and one adult patients, comprised of 150 public sector patients and 51 private sector patients, completed the questionnaire. One hundred and sixty-nine patients (84,1%) were willing to participate in undergraduate medical education and no notable difference between these sectors was demonstrated (p = 0,41). The results further demonstrated that the main factors influencing patient participation in undergraduate medical education across both sectors were (1) the presence of a supervising professional, (2) the perceived degree of invasiveness of a procedure, and (3) the perceived expertise of the student. In addition, data across other key themes such as consent, confidentiality, ethics, and patient preferences and perceptions were elucidated.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the majority of inpatients across the public and private sectors are willing to participate in undergraduate medical education to facilitate the development of healthcare professionals. It also demonstrated that most patients have a positive experience. However, more measures of quality informed consent need to be instituted to optimise the current role of the South African public health sector, whilst facilitating the development of a similar role for the South African private sector in future clinical education. In addition, further research is necessary to evaluate these findings in a South African context.

Transforming Health Professions Education for Universal Health Coverage: Challenges and Recommendations for Low-Resource Countries

Health workforce challenge persists as a critical issue in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) goals globally, especially in resource-poor countries. Evidence shows that health professions education and training is primarily clinical and curricular; however, it is somewhat deviated from the needs of the health system. In low-resource countries like Bangladesh, in the context of limited financial realities, to achieve global health goals and maximize opportunities for employment and economic development a paradigm shift is needed in health professions education, workforce development and healthcare services of the country from its primary to the tertiary level of health care respectively. There is a critical need to shift towards fair, equitable, need-based employment policy that is compatible with the overall growth of the health economy, and that acknowledges the role of both public and private sector in education and training. This review paper tried to emphasize the importance and implications of a paradigm shift in the sector. It argues the need for a 21st century framework for health professions education. This framework should represent a more satisfactory interface between supply and demand for health professionals, in line with the current need to meet the targets of universal health coverage, rational employment in healthy sector and economic development. Mugda Med Coll J. 2022; 5(2): 98-103

Community Based Tourism for Socio-Economic Development: Role of Public and Private Sector

Community Based Tourism for Socio-Economic Development: Role of Public and Private Sector

How can entrepreneurs experience inform responsible health innovation policies? A longitudinal case study in Canada and Brazil.

To foster equity and make health systems economically and environmentally more sustainable, Responsible Innovation in Health (RIH) calls for policy changes advocated by mission-oriented innovation policies. These policies focus, however, on instruments to foster the supply of innovations and neglect health policies that affect their uptake. Our study's aim is to inform policies that can support RIH by gaining insights into RIH-oriented entrepreneurs' experience with the policies that influence both the supply of, and the demand for their innovations. We recruited 16 for-profit and not-for-profit organisations engaged in the production of RIH in Brazil and Canada in a longitudinal multiple case study. Our dataset includes three rounds of interviews (n=48), self-reported data, and fieldnotes. We performed qualitative thematic analyses to identify across-cases patterns. RIH-oriented entrepreneurs interact with supply side policies that support technology-led solutions because of their economic potential but that are misaligned with societal challenge-led solutions. They navigate demand side policies where market approval and physician incentives largely condition the uptake of technology-led solutions and where emerging policies bring some support to societal challenge-led solutions. Academic intermediaries that bridge supply and demand side policies may facilitate RIH, but our findings point to an overall lack of policy directionality that limits RIH. As mission-oriented innovation policies aim to steer innovation towards the tackling of societal challenges, they call for a major shift in the public sector's role. A comprehensive mission-oriented policy approach to RIH requires policy instruments that can align, orchestrate, and reconcile health priorities with a renewed understanding of innovation-led economic development.

The influence of public sector audit digitalisation on local government budget planning: evidence from Brazil

PurposeThis article analysed how data collection systems (DCS) developed by governmental audit organizations (Court of Accounts) affect budgetary planning within local governments.Design/methodology/approachEighteen semi-structured interviews complemented by six time-lagged interviews via WhatsApp were carried out with the actors involved in the preparation and auditing of the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in Brazilian local governments. Documents such as the structured layouts of Courts' DCS and the publicised MTEF prepared by local governments were also analysed.FindingsThe findings indicate that Courts' DCS structured layouts reduce local governments' budgetary planning autonomy in elaborating their MTEF. It happens as the Courts' main driver is to make MTEF information auditable and not to improve the usefulness of information by governments. As a result, the planning choices of the local governments end up limited, not by the general legislation but by the rules established by the computerized systems of the Courts.Originality/valueThe paper's originality relies on demonstrating that the digitalisation of audit processes ultimately affects local governments' practices through structured layouts for the data collection on MTEF information - that impose rigidity on the budget planning process of local governments. The authors highlight the role of public sector auditing organisations as potential catalysts of reforms; however, this should be considered cautiously since the drivers and motivations of the organisation that sponsors public financial management reforms matter for overall reform effectiveness.

Co-Creation and Enhanced Youth Participation in Local Decision-Making: The Perception of Public Sector Readiness

The reverted demographic pyramid makes youth a decreasing percentage of our increasingly ageing population, leaving youth groups with less power and chances to influence the future of public policies and services through established participation channels. There is a potential risk of losing the interests of broader, including less heard, youth groups in democratic decision-making and implementation. Research evidence shows that we need to broaden knowledge and accountability towards these groups by including them more in co-creation to secure their trust and meaningful policy impact. One major way to improve trust in the public sector is by enhancing the abilities of professionals, managers, politicians and NGOs to co-create public and individual values with youth groups for better services and solutions instead of acting and making decisions on their behalf. Also, cross-sector collaboration among institutional units or stakeholders from different sectors on a local scale is often required to enhance the value of services or local community decisions. This paper explores from a comparative perspective the local government’s readiness for enhanced democratic participation and co-creation of public services and public value with youth. Based on document studies, interviews and cross-sectoral learning dialogues between engaged researchers, public sector and NGO representatives conducted in three countries – Sweden, Finland, and Estonia – the paper illustrates the current perceptions of public professionals and managers regarding their approach to co-creation with youth and the public sector roles, readiness and perceived gaps. The paper distinguishes between the municipal ambitions of enhanced youth participation and co-creation.

Optimizing the Management Function of the “LYN” City Transportation Route

Joyoboyo intermodal terminal needs to get optimal management after undergoing revitalization due to the decrease in the number of city transportation. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Department of Transportation in optimizing the management function of the Lyn city transportation route at the Joyoboyo Intermodal Terminal, Surabaya. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a focus based on the public sector role theory from Jones, namely: the regulatory role, enabling role, and direct provision of goods and services. The results of the study stated that the role of the Transportation Department in Surabaya was quite optimal in optimizing the management function of the Lyn city transportation route, characterized by: 1) regulatory role, through the preparation of control programs, renewal of the retribution payment system, division of route lanes, and rejuvenation of the transportation fleet in accordance with regulations. determined so that the role is carried out optimally. 2) enabling role, through the implementation of the control program, renewal of the retribution payment system, division of route lanes, and rejuvenation of the designated transportation fleet, the obstacles faced were caused by the decline in passengers, so that the implementation of the role was quite optimal. 3) direct provision of goods and services, through evaluation meetings and listening to driver complaints as a form of supervision and control role is carried out quite optimally, because the transportation fleet rejuvenation program is still lacking in coordination with city transportation drivers

Green Finance and Sustainable Development Goals in post covid era – With special reference to India.

The paper addresses and delves into the importance of green finance in achieving the sustainable development goal (SDGs) in this decade of action. This paper focuses on the concerns of green finance post Covid-19 and the challenges which India faces in accomplishing its 2030 agenda. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have already highlighted the importance of green finance in realizing SDGs. Research has recognised the role of finance in achieving the SDGs is indisputable, but few studies analyse the role of green finance in addressing this issue. This paper is an attempt to fill the research gap by examining the link between the green finance and SDGs considering the impact of the pandemic. The paper examines the initiatives in green finance in India and also the challenges faced. The paper identifies the role of both public and private sector in the advancement of green finance. This paper holds a great deal of practical implications and policy recommendations to public and private sector, banks, government, green investors and policy makers