Role In Ireland Research Articles

Cardiovascular emergencies in the Advanced Paramedic Clinical Activity Study (APCAS)Status: PendingCategory: Advanced Life Support

Purpose: The Advanced Paramedic (AP) is a relatively recent role in Ireland and refers to a prehospital practitioner with Advanced Life Support (ALS) skills.1 ALS resuscitation may increase the probability of survival to hospital discharge in non-trauma cardiac arrest patients.2 The APCAS was initiated to provide an evaluation of the impact of the AP programme on patient care. The purpose of this study was to determine if APs as currently trained can accurately diagnose cardiovascular emergencies in the field and predict the requirement for hospital admission.

Advanced nurse practitioners.

Recent economic problems in Ireland have affected the ability of the Irish health service to recruit and retain medical staff. Recent increases to its population have led investigators to compare the advanced nurse practitioners (ANP) role in Ireland with those in the UK and United States.

"Can a Wrong Once Done Ever Be Undone?": Ireland's Helen of Troy

O'Roric, prince ofMeath, have gone on an expedition into a distant quarter, left his wife [Dervorgilla] ...ina certain island in Meath during his absence-, and she, who had long entertained a passion for Dermitius, took advantage of the absence of her husband, and allowed herself to be ravished, not against her will. As the nature of women is fickle and given to change, she thus became the prey of her spoiler by her own contrivance. For as Mark Anthony and Troy are witnesses, almost all the greatest evils in the world have arisen from women. - Giraldus Cambrensis, History of the Conquest of Ireland (1189) story has gone abroad, through one Giraldus Cambrensis, that my wickedness, like that of fair Helen of Greece, wrecked the nation, and I have been made to bear the burden of the downfall of my country and the dishonor of my good name. - Anna C. Scanlan, Dervorgilla; or, Downfall of Ireland (1895) My curse upon all that brought in the Gall, Upon Diarmuid's call, and on Dervorgilla. - Lady Gregory, Dervorgilla (1907) Drunk and sitting on a barstool, ranting to all who will listen, James Joyces citizen in the Cyclops episode of Ulysses (1922) offers the following explanation for Ireland's colonial condition and the subsequent centuries of violence, oppression, a lost language, emigration, and famine: The adulteress and her paramour brought the Saxon robbers here. . . . A wife, says the citizen, that s what s the cause of all our misfortunes (Joyce 1986, 266). dishonored wife and the adulteress referenced here is Dervorgilla, a twelfth-century queen whose personal narrative of seduction and abduction had, during her own lifetime, become fused with Ireland's national narrative of ruin. Writers as diverse as U.S. president John Quincy Adams and Nobel laureate W. B. Yeats offered later versions of Dervorgilla's role in Ireland's colonial subjugation. Regularly vilified in historical and literary narratives, Dervorgilla became known as Erins Helen, Irelands own Helen of Troy. continuous circulation and retelling of her story ensured that centuries of colonial oppression became traceable to this dishonoured wife. citizens explanation refers to the seduction or abduction (depending on the version) of the married Dervorgilla by Diarmuid Mac Murrough, king of the Irish province of Leinster. In the first book of his twelfth-century History of the Conquest of Ireland (repeatedly quoted by the writers who return to the narrative of Dervorgilla centuries later) Giraldus Cambrensis writes: [Diarmuid s] youth and inexperience in government led him to become the oppressor of the nobility, and to impose a cruel and intolerable tyranny on the chiefs of the land. This brought him into trouble, and it was not the only one; for O'Roric, prince of Meath, having gone on an expedition into a distant quarter, left his wife [Dervorgilla] ... in a certain island in Meath during his absence; and she, who had long entertained a passion for [Diarmuid], took advantage of the absence of her husband, and allowed herself to be ravished, not against her will. As the nature of women is fickle and given to change, she thus became the prey of her spoiler by her own contrivance. For as Mark Anthony and Troy are witnesses, almost all the greatest evils in the world have arisen from women. (Cambrensis 1905, 184) In retaliation for this great shame, O'Rourke gathered forces against Diarmuid, and within a year, in 1 153, Dervorgilla was recovered. As might be expected, tension and conflict continued between the two men. In 1167, fourteen years after the abduction, Diarmuid s many enemies and former allies turned against him, and he was driven out of his capital city, Ferns. Cambrensis writes of the exiled Diarmuid s decision to seek aid from King Henry II, the decision that, combined with his abduction of Dervorgilla, would be read as the origin story for the English involvement in Ireland. …

The development of clinical nurse specialist roles in Ireland

While the term specialist in nursing can be traced to the turn of the 20th Century, it is only since 2001 that a framework was developed for a clinical career pathway in Ireland. This framework has promoted the development and expansion of the clinical nurse/midwife specialist (CNS/CMS) throughout Ireland over the past 10 years guided by the National Council for the Professional Development of Nursing and Midwifery (NCNM). To build upon the achievements of the NCNM and advance nursing practice, it is imperative that CNS/CMSs adopt and fulfil the components of their role. Since CNS/CMS practice is relatively new to Ireland, there is the opportunity to learn from experiences of other countries. This article outlines the development and challenges of the CNS role in Ireland.

Mortgaging Irish Independence: From Financial Crisis to Socialist Resistance

A specter is haunting Ireland—the specter of James Connolly.… Connolly was shot to death by a British firing squad for his role in Ireland's 1916 rising for home rule. Celebrated as a hero of Irish independence by Irish political parties of both left and right, his socialism is all too conveniently overlooked. The Irish struggle is one that speaks to the challenges of independence, sovereignty, and democratic freedom, both then and now, for people of all countries. What value is formal political independence if it is not backed up by economic control; if the real decisions of public policy are made in boardrooms and backrooms rather than main streets and parliaments?This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

The 'Unwanted Suitor': West Germany's Reception, Response and Role in Ireland's EEC Entry Request, 1961–3

This article is the first methodical analysis of the West German reception of the Irish application for EEC membership. It suggests that Ireland misread the signals of the West German foreign minister in mid1961 and, contrary to Irish expectations, that it was the Economics Ministry in Bonn rather than the Foreign Office that quickly transformed into a supporter of the Irish application. The economic arguments against Irish full membership of the EEC were never strong. Senior officers of the West German Foreign Office maintained reservations about the Irish application on 'political grounds', even though the FRG played a key role, in concert with the Netherlands, in convincing the other more sceptical members of the EEC in October 1962 that Ireland should be permitted to commence full membership negotiations. Irish non-membership of NATO remained a potentially complicating factor thereafter. Dublin's diplomatic efforts to assuage German and European anxieties during 1961 and 1962 about Ireland's non-membership of NATO were not misdirected, notwithstanding the Irish application for EEC membership was contingent upon the outcome of the British application.

The 'Unwanted Suitor': West Germany's Reception, Response and Role in Ireland's EEC Entry Request, 1961-3

This article is the first methodical analysis of the West German reception of the Irish application for EEC membership. It suggests that Ireland misread the signals of the West German foreign minister in mid-1961 and, contrary to Irish expectations, that it was the Economics Ministry in Bonn rather than the Foreign Office that quickly transformed into a supporter of the Irish application. The economic arguments against Irish full membership of the EEC were never strong. Senior officers of the West German Foreign Office maintained reservations about the Irish application on 'political grounds', even though the FRG played a key role, in concert with the Netherlands, in convincing the other more sceptical members of the EEC in October 1962 that Ireland should be permitted to commence full membership negotiations. Irish non-membership of NATO remained a potentially complicating factor thereafter. Dublin's diplomatic efforts to assuage German and European anxieties during 1961 and 1962 about Ireland's non-membership of NATO were not misdirected, notwithstanding the Irish application for EEC membership was contingent upon the outcome of the British application.

The 'Unwanted Suitor': West Germany's Reception, Response and Role in Ireland's EEC Entry Request, 1961-3

This article is the first methodical analysis of the West German reception of the Irish application for EEC membership. It suggests that Ireland misread the signals of the West German foreign minister in mid-1961 and, contrary to Irish expectations, that it was the Economics Ministry in Bonn rather than the Foreign Office that quickly transformed into a supporter of the Irish application. The economic arguments against Irish full membership of the EEC were never strong. Senior officers of the West German Foreign Office maintained reservations about the Irish application on 'political grounds', even though the FRG played a key role, in concert with the Netherlands, in convincing the other more sceptical members of the EEC in October 1962 that Ireland should be permitted to commence full membership negotiations. Irish non-membership of NATO remained a potentially complicating factor thereafter. Dublin's diplomatic efforts to assuage German and European anxieties during 1961 and 1962 about Ireland's non-membership of NATO were not misdirected, notwithstanding the Irish application for EEC membership was contingent upon the outcome of the British application.

Recent Works on Irish Music: An Interdisciplinary Conversation

Recent Works on Irish Music: An Interdisciplinary Conversation Ann Morrison Spinney Works considered in this review essay: Leith Davis. Music, Postcolonialism, and Gender: The Construction of Irish National Identity, 1724-1874. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006. Gerry Smyth. Noisy Island: A Short History of Irish Popular Music. Cork: Cork University Press, 2005. Martin Stokes and Philip V. Bohlman, eds. Celtic Modern: Music at the Global Fringe, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2003. Harry White. The Progress of Music in Ireland. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2005. Given its iconic relationship to nationalism, music has too long held a peripheral role in the field of Irish studies. However, recent interdisciplinary essays and monographs, including several by scholars other than musicologists, suggest ways of drawing music more fully into cultural studies. Such dialogue promises to develop our understanding of Irish culture since 1700. Just as musicologists routinely borrow from literary studies, art history, anthropology, sociology, and folklore, an analogous approach—involving some formal analysis of sound by other disciplines—enriches interpretations of music's role in Ireland. The four volumes considered below, each engaging with music in very different ways, were chosen from among recent works to exemplify how scholars from different disciplines might incorporate this central area into cultural studies. [End Page 277] The persistence of a romantic-era conception of musical experience as essentially subjective discourages scholars outside the discipline from accepting any engagement with sound as part of their responsibility when investigating aspects of Irish musical culture. The notation system by which musicians (including some traditional players) transmit sound, as well as the technical terminology employed in analysis, too often intimidates, isolating musicology from other disciplines. But several of the recent studies explored in this essay indicate the possibility of engaging with sound as data—without recourse to notation or obscure technical terms. A well-established theoretical model structures this review essay's approach to interdisciplinary musical scholarship. In The Anthropology of Music (1964), Alan Merriam argues that the cultural domain termed "music" needs to be analyzed on three levels: "conceptualization about music, behavior in relation to music, and music sound itself."1 In Merriam's model these levels are not hierarchical; each is equally important, and any change in one will affect the others. Changes in a culture's soundscape—for example, through the invention of electronic instruments or the addition of foreign instruments—will alter its concepts about music, and such conceptual transformations in turn affect people's behavior. Merriam's threefold structure thus mandates that material from disciplines other than musicology be incorporated when considering the music of any group of people, whether fans of a particular style or citizens of a nation. His insistence on interdisciplinary involvement mirrors the argument of this review, reminding us that musical sound is embedded in intellectual and social life—and that its analysis is integral to the work of cultural critics who turn to music. The Progress of Music in Ireland Harry White is a musicologist whose work in Irish studies successfully exemplifies an approach to music incorporating all three of Merriam's analytical levels. White's specialties in Austrian baroque music and the history of Anglo-American musicology provide his work with a cosmopolitan perspective. Most significantly, his thorough [End Page 278] engagement with methods and concepts from the humanities and social sciences offers common ground on which different disciplines might converse. In his introduction to The Progress of Music in Ireland, White notes how "the immense popularity and lustre of the traditional repertory continue to define the reception of 'Irish music' almost to the exclusion of any other consideration in contemporary cultural discourse" (11). In over twenty years of scholarship, White has addressed this central problem from many different angles: why this identification came about, why it has not disappeared, and how its persistence has affected Irish intellectual life. In this collection of twelve essays, eight of which are reprinted from other sources, he explores these questions from a variety of perspectives. Crafted without...

The Other Irish Renaissance: The Maunsel Poets

A "renaissance" is a combination of the talent and the times. From Henry Howard to Houston Larmour Doak to Langston Hughes to Seamus Heaney, talent and time often have to be mixed with some good old-fashioned critical smoke and mirrors to create a renaissance. Though an English, Irish, Harlem, or Northern Irish Renaissance does not spring fully fledged and critically inviolable from some spirit of the age, there is much to be gained by reassessing the actual critical judgments that construct any renaissance. The very same reason why H. L. Doak is not immediately associated with the Irish Renaissance may likely be the reason that the others are. Like living anthologies, renaissances are made. To question their making is not simply a matter of recovering forgotten artists; in the best instances, it is a matter of re-creating the contentiousness of the times in which these authors wrote. While working with W. B. Yeats at Stone Cottage, Erza Pound looked back to the previous renaissances and reflected succinctly upon the construction of cultural movements that ". . . we have not realized to what extent a renaissance is a thing made—made by conscious propaganda."1 Irish writers have rarely been at a loss for recognizing the hostility and inertia also cited by Pound. Indeed, the Irish Literary Renaissance might be seen as the most intense generational reaction, among many options, against the inertia of the Irish parliamentary tradition and the hostility of British policy. The Irish Renaissance was strongly defined by the tendency to create propaganda—art driven by agenda. From Charles Read's Cabinet of Irish Literature (1884) and Justin McCarthy's Irish Literature (1904), which marked one beginning of the revival, through to the 2002 launch of the second Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing, there has been a nearly constant search for, and critique of, the effort to establish a canonical group of Irish writings.2 Throughout the [End Page 54] past hundred and twenty-five years, schemes like the New Library of Ireland project in the 1890s emerge with regularity. At the outset, a simple reason behind the first anthologizing efforts was the attempt to resuscitate something that had never been.3 Intimately connected with that more practical drive was the desire of writers in Ireland at the beginning of the twentieth century to reach the growing reading public in Ireland and throughout the United Kingdom.4 Ironically, one of the most important venues for publishing during the Irish Literary Revival, the Maunsel Press, has been nearly written out of the narrative of the Irish Renaissance. In the first quarter of the twentieth century, Maunsel's reputation throughout the United Kingdom stood in stark contrast to this fact. In 1916, the Glasgow Evening News highlighted the importance of Maunsel in light of its role in Ireland: The Irish literary movement, measured by the successes in book production, is becoming quite a formidable affair. Unfortunately, we do not fully appreciate its extent, because the majority of the volumes, running to many hundreds yearly, from the pens of Irishmen, are introduced by a London imprint on the title page. . . . At the present moment there is really only one firm—that of Maunsel & Co.—who set themselves out to keep the publishing tradition alive. From 1905 on, the Maunsel Press sought to reach Irish audiences throughout the United Kingdom through projects that included a wide array of publications: theater work; instructional texts; translations, such as the Modern Russian Library project; chapbooks, such as their Tower Press booklets; street ballads; and a journal of more established writers, The Shanachie (1906-7), edited by J. M. Hone. Maunsel's list clearly indicated that the press consciously set out to engage readers on a popular and national level. From 1905 to 1926, the Maunsel Press was rightly referred to as "a national institution." Publishing nearly six hundred original titles during those twenty-one [End Page 55] years, the press became a vital outlet for publishing...

1215 Cancer nurse coordinator: the introduction, development and impact of a new oncology nurse specialist role in Ireland

1215 Cancer nurse coordinator: the introduction, development and impact of a new oncology nurse specialist role in Ireland

An examination of the role and function of psychiatric nurses in clinical practice in Ireland.

The aim of the study was to describe the role and function of all grades of psychiatric nurse in clinical practice so as to clarify the nature and scope of psychiatric nursing services. The psychiatric nursing role in Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK) in recent years has undergone a period of great change. There is a new emphasis on health promotion, early intervention, community development, with nursing being provided closer to where people live and work as well as making access to services easier for vulnerable groups of the population. Role ambiguity and the difficulty with defining psychiatric nursing work is a constant theme in the psychiatric nursing literature and this leaves the profession of psychiatric nursing rather vulnerable during this period of intense change. A descriptive qualitative research design with a multimethods approach to data collection was utilized involving three disparate but complimentary methods. Following data analysis, nine categories of nursing role were identified; these included both independent and interdependent roles. Clearly psychiatric nursing occupied a pivotal role in all mental health care settings. A major proportion of psychiatric nursing related to caring interactions and this appears to be a central nursing element. The assessment and maintenance of patient's safety was also important as mental health problems may place the patient or others in a position where their physical safety is threatened. It is concluded that Irish psychiatric nurses have been innovative and initiated many new services in response to emerging needs. Our understanding of psychiatric nursing is far from complete and the immediate challenge is to determine the knowledge and skills base required for independent therapeutic roles in response to changing mental health care needs.

Conquering Islands: Contextualizing The Tempest

about the European colonial experience in America. While this perspective has generated enormously enriched readings of the play, it runs the risk of obscuring the complicated nuances of colonial discourses in the early seventeenth century. When is America not America? When it is Ireland, or North Africa, or Europe itself, or the no-man's-land (really every man's desired land) of the Mediterranean in-between. Just as the formal literary elements of a text-metaphors, puns, patterns-may signify in multiple ways, context, too, may be polysemous. By exploring other contexts for the insistent colonial concerns of Shakespeare's island play, I hope to show how a multiple historical interpretation can unpack the condensed layers of colonialist ideology. This type of reading depends not only on recent Tempest criticism-what one might call the American readings-but on studies of England's colonial role in Ireland. My aim is, first, to provide descriptions of the contemporary colonial contexts in both Ireland and the Mediterranean, which I believe shed light on the play, and, second, to suggest the advantages for political criticism of considering all relevant colonial contexts simultaneously. If, as I will argue, the superimposition of those contexts on the play reflects the way colonialist ideology is quoted from one contact zone to another in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, criticism that attempts to trace that ideology will gain from identifying precisely such layering of referents.' My purpose in this essay is not to refute American readings of The Tempest; I agree with Peter Hulme that placing New World colonialism at the center of the play has made it a fundamentally more interesting and, at least for twen-