Role Of Information Acquisition Research Articles

FPGA implementation and measurement of cusp-flattop hybrid filter shaping method for nuclear instruments

In the field of nuclear technology applications, digital multi-channel pulse amplitude analysis technology plays an indispensable role in information acquisition due to its high precision and sensitivity. However, the challenge of pulse pileup can compromise the accuracy of measurement results in this technology. While conventional filter shaping and pulse pileup processing methods can extract nuclear pulse feature information under mild pileup conditions, severe pileup can notably degrade spectral counting rate and resolution. This paper introduces a designed two-channel pulse pileup rejection method, termed the cusp-flattop hybrid filter forming algorithm, leveraging the unique features of cusp, such as high forming speed and minimal interference from pulse pileup. The two channels simultaneously process the collected signals and utilize their differences for data filtering and rejection. This approach enhances information content, improves data processing quality, and boosts the signal-to-noise ratio. Compared to three methods—three trapezoidal filter shaping algorithms, the triangle trapezoidal pulse shaping algorithm, and the pulse width discrimination algorithm—our proposed method refines the shaping threshold of pulse pileup rejection. It accurately distinguishes and extracts effective pulse amplitudes even under severe pileup conditions, generating energy spectrum results while accounting for counting rate and resolution. Building on this, we construct a digital multichannel pulse amplitude analysis system based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and use a national standard alloy sample, YSBS41346, for testing. The system can generate energy spectrum correctly, consistent with the actual sample content. We evaluate the system's performance by comparing the peak counting rate and resolution of the energy spectrum generated by the cusp-flattop hybrid filter forming algorithm and the trapezoidal forming algorithm. A high peak counting rate represents the maximum nuclear pulse data captured by the system, while low resolution indicates more valid data after pileup rejection. Through testing, the peak counting rate reaches 12843cps, with a resolution of 6.68%, marking a significant improvement over the trapezoidal pulse forming algorithm. The system demonstrates satisfactory performance and operational effectiveness, aligning with the design objectives and presenting innovative and practical applications.

Antennal excision reveals disparate olfactory expression patterns within castes in Reticulitermes aculabialis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

In lower termites, which exhibit a high degree of compound eye degradation or absence, antennae play a pivotal role in information acquisition. This comprehensive study investigates the olfactory system of Reticulitermes aculabialis, spanning five developmental stages and three castes. Initially, we characterize the structures and distribution of antennal sensilla across different developmental stages. Results demonstrate variations in sensilla types and distributions among stages, aligning with caste-specific division of labor and suggesting their involvement in environmental sensitivity detection, signal differentiation, and nestmate recognition. Subsequently, we explore the impact of antennal excision on olfactory gene expression in various caste categories through transcriptomics, homology analysis, and expression profiling. Findings reveal that olfactory genes expression is influenced by antennal excision, with outcomes varying according to caste and the extent of excision. Finally, utilizing fluorescence in situ hybridization, we precisely localize the expression sites of olfactory genes within the antennae. This research reveals the intricate and adaptable nature of the termite olfactory system, highlighting its significance in adapting to diverse ecological roles and demands of social living.

The Effect of Overconfidence Bias on Investors Decisions in the Egyptian Stock Market: The Role of Information Acquisition

The Effect of Overconfidence Bias on Investors Decisions in the Egyptian Stock Market: The Role of Information Acquisition

Data news dissemination strategy for decision making using new media platform

In big data era, data has become an important part of human lives and work. At the same time, data plays an important role in information acquisition and dissemination. At present, the influence of data journalism is gradually increasing. However, unlike other countries, China data journalism started late. To study the problems of data journalism and the trend of future development, we use the method of combining data and news to explore the status quo and dig out the existing problems. This article first summarizes the research status, research methods, and theoretical basis of data journalism's propagation path. Next, it uses Lasswell's 5W model: a new model to analyze data news from five aspects, namely, disseminator, disseminating channel, dissemination content, audience, and dissemination effect. Finally, based on content analysis, searching, and data mining, an indicator system is constructed for the current new media’s news dissemination effect evaluation, and the Delphi method is used to assign weights to various indicators and make decisions based on them. By analyzing the results, this paper identify the problems in the process of combining data journalism and new media platforms, and provide help for the future communication strategy of data journalism.

What Can Computational Models Learn From Human Selective Attention? A Review From an Audiovisual Unimodal and Crossmodal Perspective.

Selective attention plays an essential role in information acquisition and utilization from the environment. In the past 50 years, research on selective attention has been a central topic in cognitive science. Compared with unimodal studies, crossmodal studies are more complex but necessary to solve real-world challenges in both human experiments and computational modeling. Although an increasing number of findings on crossmodal selective attention have shed light on humans' behavioral patterns and neural underpinnings, a much better understanding is still necessary to yield the same benefit for intelligent computational agents. This article reviews studies of selective attention in unimodal visual and auditory and crossmodal audiovisual setups from the multidisciplinary perspectives of psychology and cognitive neuroscience, and evaluates different ways to simulate analogous mechanisms in computational models and robotics. We discuss the gaps between these fields in this interdisciplinary review and provide insights about how to use psychological findings and theories in artificial intelligence from different perspectives.

Dopamine and hippocampal synaptic plasticity

Abstract In addition to its role in learning and memory formation, the hippocampus may act as a novelty detector. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been implicated in both spatial memory formation as well as novelty acquisition. In addition, the ventral tegmental area-hippocampal loop has been proposed to control the entry of information into long-term memory, whereas the dopaminergic system is be-lieved to play an important role in information acquisition and synaptic plasticity. Physiological and behavioral evidence supports that dopamine receptor signaling influences hippocampal function. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, in the form of long-term potentiation and long-term depression, has been implicated in both spa-tial memory formation as well as novelty acquisition. However, the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity modulation by dopamine in the hippocampus remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to achieve a better under-standing of the functional association between glutamate and dopamine receptors on synapses of hippocampal CA1 field. The functional association ionotropic and metabotropic receptors facilitate synaptic plasticity processes in hippocampus. The dopaminergic system gates long-term changes in synaptic strength and these changes are a critical factor in the acquisition of novel information.

Research on information retrieval model based on ontology

An information retrieval system not only occupies an important position in the network information platform, but also plays an important role in information acquisition, query processing, and wireless sensor networks. It is a procedure to help researchers extract documents from data sets as document retrieval tools. The classic keyword-based information retrieval models neglect the semantic information which is not able to represent the user’s needs. Therefore, how to efficiently acquire personalized information that users need is of concern. The ontology-based systems lack an expert list to obtain accurate index term frequency. In this paper, a domain ontology model with document processing and document retrieval is proposed, and the feasibility and superiority of the domain ontology model are proved by the method of experiment.

A Low Latency Clustering Method for Large-Scale Drone Swarms

Large-scale drone swarms are expected to play an important role in information acquisition, rescue search and joint fire strikes. These swarms usually adopt a clustering structure to control formation flight for fast and stable communication. Effective clustering can improve the transmission efficiency and task execution ability of the network. On the basis of uniform clustering, we establish a model with the number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the number of cluster heads (CHs) as variables to minimize the communication latency. Using conditional criteria, the communication delay is minimized to solve the relationship between the number of drones and the number of CHs, and this model is for clustering. A simulation platform is built with OPNET to evaluate the impact of different numbers of CHs on the network performance. According to the proposed scheme, the optimal number of CHs for 500, 300, 100 UAVs is 31, 24, 14, respectively. In the case of specific simulation parameters, these optimal numbers of CHs can achieve excellent performance in terms of delay and packet loss rate. This result has value in drone swarms clustering applications.

The Role of Information Acquisition and Processing in Decision‐Making by Individual within Insects Colonies

Insects usually present simple behaviours, but their information processing abilities result in complex collective behaviours, allowing them to perform task allocation and solve difficult problems. Biologists have invested efforts to better understand the mechanisms that govern the behaviour of social insects at the individual level and that allow the emergence of complex behaviours at the colony level. Based on biological researches, we identify the main mechanisms used to acquire different types of information and how this information is processed and used in decision‐making. We present Information Acquisition as an essential stage for Information Processing, focusing on external and internal information sources and exploring examples of information processing performed by insects. A better understanding of information processing and collective behavior in nature is the basis for the understanding of how computing is realized in insect societies, as well for new insights to develop more effective computational approaches inspired by social insects. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Investigating the Effect of Entrepreneurship Aspects on Information Exploitation Considering the Moderating Role of Information Acquisition : Case Study Medical Science University of Iran

Today, organizations and governments have found that organizational and private entrepreneurs have palyed a significant role to increase the competitive advantage at national and organizational level. Therefore, they are called as the most important competitive advantage. Entrepreneurs are considered as driving engines of economy. It can be due to some reasons including the role of job creation, innovation, facilitating changes, creative problem solving, and resolving their industrial and economic dilemmas.thus, training entrepreneurs and also investigating their role is necessary. The investigated organizational entrepreneurs are individuals who create new businesses and work in an organization and are able to influence the profit of the institute and increase the occupational capacity of the organization. Entrepreneurship aspects include some features such as risk taking, success motivation, and being active, leading, and innovative. Generally, entrepreneurs are characterized by these features.

UAV Remote Sensing Image Mosaic and Its Application in Agriculture

UAV remote sensing image has the characteristics of higher spatial resolution, fine timeliness and high flexibility. It is widely used in many fields such as agriculture, forestry, soil resources and so on. Especially in agriculture, it plays an important role in information acquisition of agricultural production and agricultural condition monitoring. In the experiment, high-definition digital camera and multi-spectral camera are used to capture the visible light and near-infrared remote sensing image. Two pieces of 3m*3m calibration cloth is used for radiometric calibration and SIFT algorithm was used for image mosaic. This paper discusses the application of remote sensing image in agriculture, including rice lodging monitoring, diseases and pests monitoring, crop growth monitoring and crop nutrient diagnosis. The results show that UAV remote sensing provides an effective means for agricultural condition information acquisition, and has wide application prospect.

A Self-Assessment Stereo Capture Model Applicable to the Internet of Things.

The realization of the Internet of Things greatly depends on the information communication among physical terminal devices and informationalized platforms, such as smart sensors, embedded systems and intelligent networks. Playing an important role in information acquisition, sensors for stereo capture have gained extensive attention in various fields. In this paper, we concentrate on promoting such sensors in an intelligent system with self-assessment capability to deal with the distortion and impairment in long-distance shooting applications. The core design is the establishment of the objective evaluation criteria that can reliably predict shooting quality with different camera configurations. Two types of stereo capture systems—toed-in camera configuration and parallel camera configuration—are taken into consideration respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed evaluation criteria can effectively predict the visual perception of stereo capture quality for long-distance shooting.

Why Prediction Markets Work: The Role of Information Acquisition and Endogenous Weighting

In prediction markets, investors trade assets whose values are contingent on the occurrence of future events, like election outcomes. Prediction market prices have been shown to be consistently accurate forecasts of these outcomes, but we don't know why. I formally illustrate an information acquisition explanation. Traders with more wealth to invest have stronger incentives to acquire information about the outcome, thus tend to have better forecasts. Moreover, their trades have larger weight in the market. The interaction implies that a few well-situated traders can move the asset price toward the true value. One implication for institutions aggregating information is to put more weight on votes of agents with larger stakes, which improves on equal weighting, unless prior distribution accuracy and stakes are negatively related.

Investigating the Effect of Entrepreneurship Aspects on Information Exploitation Considering the Moderating Role of Information Acquisition : Case Study : Medical Science University of Iran

Today, organizations and governments have found that organizational and private entrepreneurs have palyed a significant role to increase the competitive advantage at national and organizational level. Therefore, they are called as the most important competitive advantage. Entrepreneurs are considered as driving engines of economy. It can be due to some reasons including the role of job creation, innovation, facilitating changes, creative problem solving, and resolving their industrial and economic dilemmas.thus, training entrepreneurs and also investigating their role is necessary. The investigated organizational entrepreneurs are individuals who create new businesses and work in an organization and are able to influence the profit of the institute and increase the occupational capacity of the organization. Entrepreneurship aspects include some features such as risk taking, success motivation, and being active, leading, and innovative. Generally, entrepreneurs are characterized by these features.

Information Acquisition During Online Decision Making: A Model-Based Exploration Using Eye-Tracking Data

We propose a model of eye-tracking data to understand information acquisition patterns on attribute-by-product matrices, which are common in online choice environments such as comparison websites. The objective is to investigate how consumers gather product and attribute information from moment to moment. We propose a hierarchical hidden Markov model that consists of three connected layers: a lower layer that describes the eye movements, a middle layer that identifies information acquisition processes, and an upper layer that captures strategy switching. The proposed model accounts for the data better than several alternative models. The results show that consumers switch frequently between acquisition strategies, and they obtain information on only two or three attributes or products in a particular acquisition strategy before switching. Horizontal and contiguous eye movements play an important role in information acquisition. Furthermore, our results shed new light on the phenomenon of gaze cascades during choice. We discuss the implications for Web design, online retailing, and new directions for research on online choice. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.

The acquisition and utilization of market information in new venture development and the contingent nature of new venture organizing activities

Using data from the Second Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, this study analyzes the role of information acquisition and utilization in new venture development. We employ competing risk analysis to make use of the longitudinal data structure in PSED II. Our results highlight the contingent nature of information acquisition in assisting the nascent entrepreneur in carrying out organizing activities. Our results show that marketing and business planning activities only create value when entrepreneurs also engage in information acquisition with potential customers. We empirically disentangle a contingent structure among organizing activities in new venture creation and highlight the interdependencies.

Uncertainty and the Role of Information Acquisition in the Evolution of Context-Dependent Emigration

There is increasing empirical evidence that individuals utilize social and environmental cues in making decisions as to whether or not to disperse. However, we lack theory exploring the influence of information acquisition and use on the evolution of dispersal strategies and metapopulation dynamics. We used an individual-based, spatially explicit simulation model to explore the evolution of emigration strategies under varying precision of information about the natal patch, cost of information acquisition, and environmental predictability. Our findings show an interesting interplay between information use and the evolved emigration propensity. Lack of information led to higher emigration probabilities in more unpredictable environments but to lower emigration probabilities in constant or highly predictable scenarios. Somewhat-informed dispersal strategies were selected for in most cases, even when the acquisition of information was associated with a moderate reproductive cost. Notably, selection rarely favored investment in acquisition of high-precision information, and the tendency to invest in information acquisition was greatest in predictable environments when the associated cost was low. Our results highlight that information use can affect dispersal in a complex manner and also emphasize that information-acquisition behaviors can themselves come under strong selection, resulting in evolutionary dynamics that are tightly coupled to those of context-dependent behaviors.

Foreign Stocks Holding: The Role of Information

Foreign stock ownership is known to be very limited across households. This paper studies the role of information acquisition on agents' decisions to invest in foreign stocks. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances, I show that foreign stock holders, when compared to those who hold only domestic stocks, are substantially wealthier, more educated, have a different age profile, and more importantly, are more sophisticated in their sources of information. Households that participate in foreign stock markets are better informed about their financial investment choices; they shop more for investments, update their investment portfolios more frequently, and use the Internet more often as a source of information. To account for the two main features of the data -- that foreign stock owners are scarce but better-informed -- the paper considers a model where information is costly, and investors decide whether to enter the domestic and foreign stock markets. In the model, investors pay a fixed cost to update their information set, implying infrequent updating. To account for the low participation, the model also features an entry cost paid when agents first invest in stocks. The model predicts that those who invest in foreign stocks update their information set more frequently. A version of the model calibrated to match returns and volatility for U.S. and foreign stock investments shows that, once agents already invest in domestic stock markets, the minimum entry cost needed to drive agents out of foreign stock markets is potentially small helping to explain the large nonparticipation.

Is information acquisition still important in the information age?

How should the information age affect teaching goals and methods? One of the claims voiced by educators is that computerized information tools make systematic study and acquisition of information redundant. Put bluntly this claim states that students should no longer `waste' their time learning or memorizing texts and facts that can be retrieved in a keystroke. We attempted to examine the current role of information acquisition in learning processes by interviewing 24 expert academic researchers who work regularly with computerized information tools. Analysis of the researchers' descriptions of their learning and thinking processes revealed that, according to the majority of the researchers, computerized information tools have not reduced the importance learning and acquiring information. These exploratory findings suggest that information acquisition should still be an important part of the curriculum in the age of information.

Dopamine D1/D5Receptors Gate the Acquisition of Novel Information through Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression

Hebbian learning models require that neurons are able to both strengthen and weaken their synaptic connections. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, in the form of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), has been implicated in both spatial memory formation as well as novelty acquisition. In addition, the ventral tegmental area-hippocampal loop has been proposed to control the entry of information into long-term memory, whereas the dopaminergic system is believed to play an important role in information acquisition and synaptic plasticity. D1/D5 dopamine receptors are positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and have been to modulate certain forms of synaptic plasticity, particularly in vitro. We investigated how D1/D5 dopamine receptors modify long-lasting synaptic plasticity at CA1 synapses of adult freely moving rats and found that receptor activation lowered the threshold for the induction of both LTP and LTD. Specific types of learning are associated with specific types of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. We found that object-configuration learning, facilitation of late-phase LTD by object exploration, and late-phase LTP by exploration of empty space were all prevented by D1/D5 receptor antagonism. Furthermore, receptor antagonism prevented electrically induced late-LTP, whereas receptor activation facilitated induction of both LTP and LTD by patterned electrical stimulation. These findings suggest that the dopaminergic system, acting via D1/D5 receptors, gates long-term changes in synaptic strength and that these changes are a critical factor in the acquisition of novel information.