Role Of Cooperatives In Development Research Articles

IDENTIDAD EN LOS PROCESOS DE COOPERACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO GLOBAL

El objetivo del artículo es abordar la fortaleza de la identidad como agente importante en la aplicación de la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo desde tres vertientes de cambio: la pérdida de eficiencia de las políticas de desarrollo aplicadas por las instituciones encargadas en el tema y los gobiernos de los países desarrollados; la aparición de nuevos actores internacionales encargados de la cooperación para el desarrollo; y la crisis económica que azotó a los países desarrollados que ocasionó que nuevos actores tomen importancia para la Cooperación para el Desarrollo. El análisis está hecho a través de revisar los datos del banco mundial y ONG´s con el objetivo de establecer sus papel en la cooperación, sus resultandos y concluyendo que la identidad de los países receptores de recursos económicos aparece, de forma recurrente, como medio para adoptar las políticas de cooperación y hacerlas más eficientes.

LA IDENTIDAD EN LOS PROCESOS DE COOPERACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO GLOBAL

El objetivo del artículo es abordar la fortaleza de la identidad como agente importante en la aplicación de la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo desde tres vertientes de cambio: la pérdida de eficiencia de las políticas de desarrollo aplicadas por las instituciones encargadas en el tema y los gobiernos de los paísesdesarrollados; la aparición de nuevos actores internacionales encargados de la cooperación para el desarrollo; y la crisis económica que azotó a los países desarrollados que ocasionó que nuevos actores tomen importancia para la Cooperación para el Desarrollo. El análisis está hecho a través de revisar los datos del banco mundial y ONG con el objetivo de establecer sus papel en la cooperación, sus resultandos y concluyendo que la identidad de los países receptores de recursos económicos aparece, de forma recurrente, como medio para adoptar las políticas de cooperación y hacerlas más eficientes.

Development cooperation, the international–domestic nexus and the graduation dilemma: comparing South Africa and Brazil

Development cooperation is a foreign policy tool marked by deep-seated conflicts of interest and dilemmas of particular relevance to second-tier and non-nuclear countries that aim to change their international status and role. Building on the concept of ‘graduation dilemma’, this article compares specific dilemmas that Brazil and South Africa face in their foreign policies concerning the development cooperation agenda at three levels: the domestic, the regional and the global level. The research question guiding this analysis is: how does the graduation dilemma manifest in relation to Brazil and South Africa’s role in development cooperation?

Driving force or forced transition?: The role of development cooperation in promoting energy transitions in the Philippines and Morocco

This paper contributes to the understanding of transitions towards low carbon societies in the developing world. While adding extensive empirical insights from the status of energy transitions in two countries faced with major energy challenges, the Philippines and Morocco, our contribution enquires what role external actors like international donors in general, and Germany in particular, can play in such transitions. Based on extensive semi-structured, in-depth expert interviews with energy sector stakeholders in the Philippines and Morocco, this article elucidates the opportunities and barriers of supporting and incentivizing energy transitions in developing countries through development cooperation. Taking transition management as an analytical framework to highlight links between niche level experiments and the electricity regime, this study reveals that donors cannot force an energy transition, but can be a driving force for testing alternative ways for electricity supply through niche level experiments and regime level interventions that are closely connected to the country's primary energy objectives. Multi-stakeholder coordination, a clearer linkage between niche level projects and regime changing effects, and a better understanding of a country's energy transition objectives are promising approaches to increase the likelihood of development cooperation positively affecting a regime level shift in the electricity system.

Intersection of disability and gender: multi-layered experiences of Ethiopian women with disabilities

This article explores the intersection of disability and gender through the experiences of Ethiopian women with disabilities using household chores as an example. As these women are often hidden at home, little literature is available on them. Thus this article aims to highlight the lived experiences of women with disabilities who are or have been at home. The interviewed women introduce peer support as an important means to increase their self-esteem and face stigma in their daily lives in a positive manner through dialogue and negotiation. The paper further suggests employing women with disabilities as a means to enable them to play a significant role in development cooperation by changing the status quo towards equality.

The Issue of International Development within Tony Blair’s Policy of New Labour Party

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper is to present phenomena and main directions of Tony Blair's government policy on international development. His political vision was significantly conscious about need to make world's development more equal. Undoubtedly Blair's involvement in area of uneven world's development was directed by his interest in making Britain more influential on wide, international arena. But it should be emphasized that UK under New Labour Government was really prepared to reach needs of poorest countries in world.Keywords: development, globalization, New Labour Party, Millennium Development Goals, poverty, Africa.IntroductionThere has not been a British government that could ignore issues of international development. The United Kingdom's history, Commonwealth associations, reality of free market economy, migrations, individual and personal connections, and most of all, a deep concern of many citizens for humanitarian action can prove that fact. But still, at beginning of last decade of twentieth century Britain's Conservative Government had been proving their traditional attitude towards trade on global market and accepting idea of depth reduction for poorest countries. In fact, it had not shown a meaningful concern for policy of international development. The main reason was their program of aid which in real terms occurred to be slowly turning down. In some cases government's policy relating to issues of international development had been found to have acted not completely legally. The Pergau Dam project in Malaysia might be a good example. It was often called the most controversial mission in history of British aid. The excessively costly dam was financed with money of British taxpayers in order to support a major arms deal, despite opposition raised by civil servants in Foreign Office and voice of international community.Actually, looking more broadly, neither UK nor other OECD countries would pay enough attention to development issues at those times. This abandonment stimulated The Development Assistance Committee within OECD to work out some basic directions. In 1996 an important document was published under title Shaping Twenty - first Century. The role of Development Cooperation (Shaping Twenty..., 1996). During general election in 1997 British Labour Party promised to make issue of unequal development one of main targets of their international policy.The following paper is an attempt to point out main directions of British New Labour's policy within area of unequal development. The article has a descriptive character and its method is based on documents and literature of subject. The structure and contents of paper were built on published articles, books, party documents and other resources. The notion of New Labour Party is rather affiliated with Tony Blair's vision of social democracy in UK.Dilemmas of world's unequal developmentIt is an undeniable fact that world is still facing a dangerous threat of unsustainable development that is causing exploitation of natural resources, increased pollution and changes in habitats. But it is also creating serious social problems that are being intensified by inequalities in health, wealth, education, and employment. Those damages usually risk poorest people at first. The following statistics show facts of unequal global development. Half of world - over 3 billion people - live on less than $2.00 per day. 30,000 children die each day because of poverty - almost 11 million children under age of 5 each year. About 40 million people live with HIV and over 3 million die from AIDS each year; approximately 3,900 children die each day because of a lack of drinking water and sanitation. Global life expectancy is 65 years compared with UK average of 78. …

Development co-operation and conflict in Sierra Leone

This article examines the role of development co-operation in the 1991–2001 civil war in Sierra Leone. British military intervention, sanctions against Liberia for supporting the rebellion and the deployment of UN peacekeepers were key, albeit belated, initiatives that helped resolve the conflict. The lessons are that, first, domestic forces alone may be incapable of resolving large-scale violent conflicts in Africa. Second, conflict tends to spread from one country to another, calling for strong regional conflict resolution mechanisms and deeper regional integration to promote peace. Third, donor policies need to address the root causes of state fragility, especially the political and security dimensions, which they tend to ignore. Fourth, a critical analysis is required to determine circumstances in which elections could undermine peace: the conduct of donor-supported elections under an unpopular military government in Sierra Leone culminated in an escalation of the conflict. Finally, a united international community is crucial to resolve a complex conflict and it should be accompanied by strong and timely measures informed by a full understanding of local conditions.

Canada and Development Cooperation

THE TOPIC presents a major challenge; it is difficult to say something new and useful given the many reports on the subject and the excellent advice provided in two recent papers on directions for Canada.1 I have, therefore, attempted a slightly different approach, expanding on issues not often covered elsewhere, an effort in the spirit of John Holmes. I believe that the trends, constraints, and choices made as part of the larger themes have a more significant impact on the role in development cooperation than is normally acknowledged. An overly narrow frame does not allow for a full strategic overview of the most important issues and their interconnections. My article starts with the larger issues that provide the framework within which development cooperation policy must be developed and implemented. I argue first that development assistance and cooperation efforts are vital to self-interest and are not merely an expression of charity. I then touch on a few lessons from the past and some new emerging issues that will have to be considered in developing new policies and structures. Finally, I present a few directions for the future and some errors that should be avoided.CANADIAN INTERESTS AND DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Development cooperation is generally viewed only through the lens of altruism; the picture is of Canada contributing to the welfare of other people, usually non-white and poor, the charitable orientation of the people translated on their behalf by the federal government. In this arrangement, CIDA has been the principal institutional mechanism through which over 80 percent of the money, goods, and services are transferred to the deserving poor. As ClDA describes it, development cooperation is a tangible measure and expression of Canadian values-humanitarianism, generosity, equality and social justice.2 I have no doubt that we all support the view that existing orders of inequality in the world are a disgrace and that contributions to reduce poverty, ill health, and other gross deprivations are a required expression of our ethical principles.But I also argue below that development cooperation serves important hard interests, including security, sovereignty, and prosperity. It is important to start with hard interests: the soft principles of altruism, good will, and charity of Canadians proved insufficient to prevent the decline of resources towards the less well-endowed during the decade of the 1990s. The decline followed the demise of the former Soviet Union in 1989, which marked the end of the Cold War and removed the perception of a hard interest in the form of a need to influence poor countries. Many commentators saw the end of the Cold War as providing a peace dividend. Both resources and attention would shift from defence to development. In Canada, the following decade saw the decline of all allocations to matters outside-defence, foreign affairs, and development cooperation.During the decade of the 1990s, while Canada's GDP grew from $570 billion in 1992s to $1200 billion in 2003,4 a growth of over 100 percent, the allocations for Canada's official development assistance (ODA) fell both as a ratio of ODA to GDP as well as in absolute amounts. This brought Canada down from the middle ranks of the 22 donor countries of the OECD to the bottom three or four in terms of the ratio of ODA to GDP. contributions plunged to 0.22 percent, very close to the US and far from our highest levels of almost 0.55 percent. It is far lower than our 35-year-old commitment to reach 0.7 percent. It is also far from the almost one percent provided by like-minded countries in northern Europe. If Canada had met its long-standing commitment by 2003, the resources currently available for ODA would have been $8.4 billion instead of around three billion.This reduction of resources happened in spite of the fact that 44 percent of Canadians believe that the country allocates inadequate resources to foreign aid and 57 percent of Canadians have said that they are in favour of an increased tax at the rate of one percent dedicated to international poverty removal programs. …