Role In Coordination Research Articles

Strategy implementation: the role of middle manager leadership and coordination

PurposeStrategy implementation is a critical component of firm performance and middle managers play a key role in the implementation process. This study was conducted to enhance the authors’ understanding of how middle managers influence strategy implementation (SI) effectiveness by investigating the impact of leadership and work team coordination.Design/methodology/approachA field study was conducted using interviews and survey data gathered from executive managers, middle managers and work team members within a large municipal organization undergoing a major strategic change.FindingsMiddle manager transformational and instrumental leadership have a direct positive impact on work team SI effectiveness. Additionally, middle manager transformational leadership has an indirect positive effect on work team SI effectiveness through coordination.Practical implicationsThe study offers insights into managers and practitioners seeking to improve SI effectiveness by highlighting the importance of middle manager leadership development and the coordination of interdependent tasks within work teams.Originality/valueThe study provides valuable insight into an important but previously unstudied relationship between middle manager leadership and SI effectiveness. The work also helps bridge the chasm between leadership research and strategy research by linking leadership behavior to SI effectiveness – a key ingredient of firm performance.

Impacts of North Carolina’s medicaid transformation on community transit systems: A qualitative analysis with policy implications

North Carolina began its Medicaid Transformation implementation process in July of 2021. The Transformation shifted responsibility for arranging non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT) for transportation-disadvantaged Medicaid beneficiaries from county Departments of Social Services (DSS) to private transportation brokers. Brokers also decide NEMT eligibility and select transportation service providers that best meet beneficiaries' transportation needs. Before this transition, county DSS offices relied on community transit organizations (CTOs) to coordinate NEMT and other human transportation services. This is a significant shift from North Carolina's coordinated transportation model, which emphasized coordinating medical and other trips using local transit providers. This paper examines how the Medicaid Transformation in the state has altered CTOs' ability to continue coordinating individual human service transportation programs. Findings from interviews and policy content analyses indicate that the Medicaid Transformation has negatively affected CTOs' ability to coordinate between individual human service transportation programs. Control of several mechanisms CTOs historically used to coordinate transportation programs has shifted to brokers, who are neither prepared nor intended to take on the coordination role. Since these programs serve various transportation-disadvantaged residents in the state, including those enrolled in Medicaid, obstacles that CTOs encounter while coordinating transportation affect these communities disproportionately. Several factors explain CTOs' diminished ability to coordinate transportation, including goals and policy misalignment between health and transportation state authorities, regional location disadvantages, and logistical constraints that emerged with the Transformation.

Vulnerability Assessment of Old Residential Areas Under the Impacts of COVID-19: A Case Study in Yinhang Area, Yangpu District, Shanghai

Residential areas have played a vital role in organisation, coordination, management and service in the fight against COVID-19, but they are also high-incidence areas of the epidemic. In particular, the old residential areas, as a major urban weakness during the epidemic in Shanghai, have also become the focus of scholars in many fields in recent two years. The solution to making up for the shortcomings of old residential areas has become one of the urban development issues that should be put on the agenda in the post-epidemic era. This article aims to provide ideas for the subsequent renovation of old residential areas through the analysis. It first verifies the vulnerability of old residential areas in Yinhang Area, Yangpu District, Shanghai under the impact of COVID-19 through correlation analysis and then explores its contributing factors by semi-structured interviews. The factors can fall into four categories: physical environment, population composition, residential management, and social capital.

Role of imperfect coordination of amorphous metal oxide in its chemical reaction with epoxy resin in metal − polymer hybrid material

The chemical bonding between laser − induced metal oxide and polymer highly determines the interfacial bonding performance of metal − polymer hybrid materials. To achieve reliable interfacial chemical bonding, it is crucial to gain a molecular/atomic level understanding of the chemical reaction mechanism between the metal oxide and epoxy resin (main components of epoxy polymer). Previous research has demonstrated that laser ablation induces the formation of amorphous aluminium oxide on aluminium alloy surfaces. Our solid − state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) investigation reveals that this amorphous aluminium oxide is consisted mainly of 4 − fold and 5 − fold coordinated Al sites. Through an innovative combination of ssNMR and density functional theory calculations, this aluminium oxide was confirmed to form Al − O − C bonds with epoxy resin, preferentially at imperfectly coordinated Al sites due to active donor − acceptor interactions. It is clarified that imperfect coordination of amorphous aluminium oxide plays a more critical role than its amorphous nature in forming stable adsorption structure with epoxy resin. Furthermore, compared to on crystalline surface, 5 − fold coordinated Al site on amorphous surface exhibits higher reactivity, and the origin of activity is revealed through distortion/interaction analysis. This study provides a research guidance for further regulation and optimization of interfacial reactivity and bonding characteristics of metal − polymer hybrid materials.

The function and Significance of Supply Chain Under the New Situation of Global Economy

The supply chain is an important tool for any economic individual to obtain sustainable development and maintain core competitiveness, and it is also the guarantee of coordinating supply and demand in economic development and financial goods market transactions. Under the new situation of global economic development, most enterprises use more effi-cient and perfect processes to make their supply chain run efficiently in order to maintain competitiveness. On the basis of their respective divisions of labor, different enterprises have formed a pattern of mutual dependence, connection, and common development. The traditional competition among individual enterprises has gradually evolved into a compe-tition among different components of the supply chain. On the basis of perfect economic market, the supply chain further integrates various economic subjects and their activities in series, and refines the individual and overall layout in the economic cycle. This paper fo-cuses on the importance and role of supply chains in the new global economic development situation, specifically on how supply chains can promote and improve the development of economies, enterprises, and individuals. As well as the important coordination and promo-tion role of the supply chain in the whole market's resource processing and circulation in the process of economic development, the relevant research is carried out by means of inves-tigation, data collection, and consultation. After a series of studies, we have come to the conclusion that the supply chain plays an irreplaceable role and has significant significance in economic development and enterprise development in the global market and plays an important coordinating and helping role in the development of different industries.

O.5.3-2 Development of a framework for scaling up community-based health promotion: a best fit framework synthesis

Abstract Purpose Community-based health promotion with a focus on people with social disadvantages is essential to address persistently existing health inequities. However, achieving an impact on public health requires scaling up such approaches beyond manifold funded pilot projects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of scaling-up frameworks in health promotion and to identify key components for scaling up community-based health promotion. Methods We followed the “best fit” framework synthesis approach and conducted a systematic search for scaling-up frameworks for health promotion in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and SportDiscus. Based on the included frameworks, we created an a priori framework. Second, we searched for primary research studies in the same databases that reported scaling-up processes of community-based health promotion. We coded the data using the a priori framework. Results From 80 articles, 5 were included for data extraction. The analysis yielded 10 a priori defined key components: “innovation characteristics”; “clarify and coordinate roles and responsibilities”; “build up skills, knowledge, and capacity”; “mobilize and sustain resources”; “initiate and maintain regular communication”; “plan, conduct, and apply assessment, monitoring, and evaluation”; “develop political commitment and advocacy”; “build and foster collaboration”; “encourage participation and ownership”; and “plan and follow strategic approaches”. We further identified 113 primary research studies; 10 were eligible. No new key components were found, but all a priori defined key components were supported by the studies. Ten key components for scaling up community-based health promotion represent the final framework. Conclusion The “best fit” framework synthesis approach provides science-based insights for developing successful scaling up processes in the field of physical activity-related health promotion. We further identified “encourage participation and ownership” as a crucial component regarding health equity. Moreover, practice-based evidence from different stakeholders at various levels will be needed to develop a practice and science-based concept to scaling up a community-based health promotion approach. Funding Source This research was funded by the Federal Centre of Health Education (BZgA) on behalf of and with funds from the statutory health insurances according to § 20a SGB V in the context of the GKV Alliance for Health.

O.6.1-9 Motor coordination as a strategy to increase school achievement in schoolchildren

Abstract Purpose Our purpose was to identify the role of demographic, attention level, motor coordination, and physical activity to predict school achievement in Brazilian schoolchildren. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, composed of 106 Brazilian schoolchildren of both sexes (56 boys), aged between 7-12 years. Sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, socioeconomic status - SES), motor coordination (KTK test), physical activity (WEB CAAF questionnaire), attention level, and school performance (measured by school performance test and categorized based on the median in “insufficient” or “good”) were obtained. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was estimated to verify factors associated with academic achievement (“insufficient achievement” and “good achievement”), through three models increased in complexity (model 1: age, sex, SES; Model 2: Model 1 + attention variables; Model 3: Model 2 + motor coordination and physical activity). Effect size estimates were computed using R2. The SPSS software was used, with a confidence interval fixed at 95%. The research was approved by the research ethics committee of the Federal University of Sergipe – Brazil (n° 5.155.350). Results About 51% of the children presented insufficient school achievement. Based on the three logistic regression models, the variables associated with school achievement included age (OR = 2.32; 95%IC = 1.23 – 4.37), and attention level (OR = 1.07; 95%IC = 1.01 – 1.14). Results from the logistic regression showed that the model which better explained school achievement variance was the model 3, where all the variables were included (R2=66%). Higher motor coordination increased the odds to present good school achievement (OR = 10.42, 95%IC = 1.04 – 104.46), but no significant association was shown for physical activity. Conclusions Interventions to improve school achievement among Brazilian schoolchildren should consider the use of motor coordination, including activities that require focus, especially in young children.

The common operating picture as a collaborative governance tool for urban resilience

AbstractThrough analysis of the narratives of participants to the London Common Operating Picture (COP), this study discusses the “information warehouse” and the “trading zone” theoretical perspectives on the COP that consider it, respectively, as an information system to share common information on a crisis or as a relational space of learning in which common meanings enable decision‐making and coordination. The trading zone approach has started to examine its role as a coordination tool, but there is little empirical research on how it can foster network's collaboration. Through an exploration of the COP participants' positions as boundary spanners, this study puts forward the trading zone perspective, showing that in London it has become a regular mechanism of collaboration and coordination. It argues that boundary spanners operate at multiple boundaries that enable network's collaboration and coordination, and the relational character of the COP create bonds of trust that foster collaboration and common understandings on the role of communication, collaboration, information sharing, and coordination for the security of all. We show that the COP is a relational space that creates a sense of belonging to a common community of security that believes in the role of networks' information sharing and collaboration for urban resilience.

Preparing Primary Care Registered Nurse Preceptors for Emerging Care Coordination and Chronic Disease Self-Management Roles.

Nurse educators must prepare the future RN work-force to practice in emerging primary care roles. This program evaluation report describes the approach taken to develop and evaluate a novel preceptor education program designed to prepare RNs to precept nursing students in primary care coordination and disease self-management roles. The program was designed as a three-stage hybrid learning intervention with the goals of preparing RNs to (a) provide primary care coordination and disease self-management support and (b) precept nursing students. Evaluation tools were designed to reflect specific learning objectives of these goals pre- and postintervention. Preliminary evaluation data indicate the preceptor program provided a useful set of educational activities to prepare primary care RN preceptors for their new roles. Participants reported increased confidence levels in primary care coordination and disease self-management and student precepting responsibilities. Nursing students' evaluations showed positive primary care clinical experiences. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2023;54(10):454-461.].

Coordinated-Transitional Care (C-TraC) for Veterans From Subacute Rehabilitation to Home.

To adapt a successful acute care transitional model to meet the needs of veterans transitioning from post-acute care to home. Quality improvement intervention. Veterans discharged from a subacute care unit in the VA Boston Healthcare System's skilled nursing facility. We used the Replicating Effective Programs framework and Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles to adapt the Coordinated-Transitional Care (C-TraC) program to the context of transitions from a VA subacute care unit to home. The major adaptation of this registered nurse-driven, telephone-based intervention was combining the roles of discharge coordinator and transitional care case manager. We report the details of the implementation, its feasibility, and results of process measures, and describe its preliminary impact. Between October 2021 and April 2022, all 35 veterans who met eligibility criteria in the VA Boston Community Living Center (CLC) participated; none were lost to follow-up. The nurse case manager delivered core components of the calls with high fidelity-review of red flags, detailed medication reconciliation, follow-up with primary care physician, and discharge services were discussed and documented in 97.9%, 95.9%, 86.8%, and 95.9%, respectively. CLC C-TraC interventions included care coordination, patient and caregiver education, connecting patients to resources, and addressing medication discrepancies. Nine medication discrepancies were discovered in 8 patients (22.9%; average of 1.1 discrepancies per patient). Compared with a historical cohort of 84 veterans, more CLC C-TraC patients received a post-discharge call within 7days (82.9% vs 61.9%; P= .03). There was no difference between rates of attendance to appointments and acute care admissions post-discharge. We successfully adapted the C-TraC transitional care protocol to the VA subacute care setting. CLC C-TraC resulted in increased post-discharge follow-up and intensive case management. Evaluation of a larger cohort to determine its impact on clinical outcomes such as readmissions is warranted.

Opening of Cx43-formed hemichannels mediates the Ca2+ signaling associated with endothelial cell migration

Endothelial cell migration is a key process in angiogenesis. Progress of endothelial cell migration is orchestrated by coordinated generation of Ca2+ signals through a mechanism organized in caveolar microdomains. Connexins (Cx) play a central role in coordination of endothelial cell function, directly by cell-to-cell communication via gap junction and, indirectly, by the release of autocrine/paracrine signals through Cx-formed hemichannels. However, Cx hemichannels are also permeable to Ca2+ and Cx43 can be associated with caveolin-1, a structural protein of caveolae. We proposed that endothelial cell migration relies on Cx43 hemichannel opening. Here we show a novel mechanism of Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cell migration. The Ca2+ signaling that mediates endothelial cell migration and the subsequent tubular structure formation depended on Cx43 hemichannel opening and is associated with the translocation of Cx43 with caveolae to the rear part of the cells. These findings indicate that Cx43 hemichannels play a central role in endothelial cell migration and provide new therapeutic targets for the control of deregulated angiogenesis in pathological conditions such as cancer.

(Invited) Is Commercialization of Intellectual Property in an Academic Environment Feasible?

A career in academics is in some ways at odds with commercialization. The priorities of an academic institution are publish or perish. Yet, the path to commercialization embeds either patents or trade secrets. Many in academics do not acknowledge patents as academic achievement. For a variety of reasons, university laboratories are not established to build the demonstrations needed to promote commercialization.Universities support patenting but are not equipped to facilitate commercialization of research, especially research based on sophisticated, fundamental ideas. Because of the constraints of the academic environment, ideas are driven to patents before devices are demonstrated. Yet the Bayh Dole Act provides that federally supported research be commercialized with any profits returned to the universities and inventors.These constraints create a barely navigable matrix for the academic inventor.When financial constraints reduce the University's support of patents, ownership is transferred to the inventor. This creates complexities in IP management with the University and increases cost to the inventor. However, it also creates opportunity.To commercialize the existing and evolving IP, a small business was formed with family. And now we maintain the patents, write grant applications restricted to the personally held IP, promote the IP, and try to bridge the chasm to commercialization.Startup success is elusive under the best conditions with experienced founders that understand both the technology and more importantly the business need. Founders typically have a working system and industry contacts before attempting to launch a new venture. Founders spend most of the time selling to investors and early prospects.New ventures started by academics have none of these advantages. They often have a great idea but no commercially viable prototype, no industry contacts and no connections to investors. They do not understand the amount of time spent on fundraising, and lack the skills and desire to raise funds. Commercialization of university research is more difficult than starting with nothing outside because university life is a full time job with many constraints. Investors are not interested in part-time CEOs. They want full time commitment and focused dedication. Investors are not interested in dealing with university administrations and procedures.Successful commercialization requires three roles: Business person that understands the market opportunitySubject matter expert that can defined a solution to the problemProduct manager that can translate between the other two and build a working system. A successful combination of these roles in coordination is required to build an investable business that can attract the capital required for commercialization.Academics can provide the subject matter expertise but engaging successful business people and product managers need to be found outside universities. Finding these connections is difficult but friends and family, industry organizations, and angel investment networks can provide some paths. University business schools and administrations should facilitate these connections with vetted business people.Universities should have an investment pitch competition put on by professors with patent portfolios each semester. Universities can invite investors to view the commercializable research that is being developed within the university. This is a non-trivial undertaking but can be done virtually to reach a wide range of investors across the country.Very few US universities have provided successful paths to commercialization. These most famous, well funded, private universities attract most of the investment interest. A few worked examples coming from other universities will encourage the appetite for future investment.

Endogenous Rab38 regulates LRRK2’s membrane recruitment and substrate Rab phosphorylation in melanocytes

Point mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson's disease and augment LRRK2's kinase activity. However, cellular pathways that endogenously enhance LRRK2 kinase function have not been identified. While overexpressed Rab29 draws LRRK2 to Golgi membranes to increase LRRK2 kinase activity, there is little evidence that endogenous Rab29 performs this function under physiological conditions. Here, we identify Rab38 as a novel physiologic regulator of LRRK2 in melanocytes. In mouse melanocytes, which express high levels of Rab38, Rab32, and Rab29, knockdown (or CRISPR knockout) of Rab38, but not Rab32 or Rab29, decreases phosphorylation of multiple LRRK2 substrates, including Rab10 and Rab12, by both endogenous LRRK2 and exogenous Parkinson's disease-mutant LRRK2. In B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells, Rab38 drives LRRK2 membrane association and overexpressed kinase-active LRRK2 shows striking pericentriolar recruitment, which is dependent on the presence of endogenous Rab38 but not Rab32 or Rab29. Consistently, knockdown or mutation of BLOC-3, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab38 and Rab32, inhibits Rab38's regulation of LRRK2. Deletion or mutation of LRRK2's Rab38-binding site in the N-terminal armadillo domain decreases LRRK2 membrane association, pericentriolar recruitment, and ability to phosphorylate Rab10. In sum, our data identify Rab38 as a physiologic regulator of LRRK2 function and lend support to a model in which LRRK2 plays a central role in Rab GTPase coordination of vesicular trafficking.

Managing violent behavior: a case study on the Bonek football club supporters in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Football supporters have an inseparable relationship with their favorite clubs, providing full support to their clubs. However, excessive behavior often leads to violence and aggression. Therefore, the presence of a coordinator in communities of football supporters is extremely important. This study analyzed the role of a coordinator as an agent in managing violent behaviors of Bonek supporters, which resonated with Giddens’ primary concern in the structuration theory. In this theory, the concept of the structure must be reconstructed to relate, not to a social entity that is purely external to the human being, but wherein the structure is both the condition and consequence of human action. This research was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, with the coordinator and supporter community functioning as informants. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentations. Data analysis included collecting, reducing, and presenting data and drawing conclusions. This research indicates that the coordinator role as an agent becomes an essential and significant leadership quality of Bonek supporters as a social structure in the football community.

Nurse-led intervention for the management of bariatric surgery patients: A systematic review.

The prevalence of obesity has become a global health concern, and severe obesity is associated with various chronic diseases and decreased quality of life. Bariatric surgery has shown success in treating obesity. Nevertheless, some patients experience weight regain and unsatisfactory outcomes. Multidisciplinary interventions have been shown to improve postoperative outcomes. Case managers, often specialized nurses, play a crucial role in patient support and coordination of care. However, the diverse design of case-managing interventions hinders the assessment of their success. Thus, the aim of this review is to identify the most successful structural characteristics of case-managing interventions, with or without the support of e-Health, in the process of perioperative management of bariatric surgery patients. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies published in the last 10 years. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical studies, case studies, or observational studies that evaluated perioperative care in bariatric surgery. The PICO framework was used to frame the search strategy. The initial search yielded 225 articles, of which 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nurse-led case-managing interventions with a multidisciplinary approach showed positive results in weight loss, physical activity, and quality of life. Patient-centered care models were found to promote adherence to treatment and patient satisfaction. E-Health technologies improved quality of life but not weight loss. The duration of behavioral interventions and the long-term outcomes after surgery remained unclear. Nurse-led case-management interventions, with a focus on behavioral change and multidisciplinary approaches, show promise in improving outcomes in bariatric surgery patients. Patient-centered care models and longer term interventions may contribute to sustained weight loss and better postoperative outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration of interventions and the long-term effects on weight maintenance.

Etomidate Depresses Spontaneous Complex Spikes Activity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells via Cannabinoid 1 Receptor in vivo in Mice

Introduction: Complex spikes (CSs) activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells plays critical roles in motor coordination and motor learning by transferring information to cerebellar cortex, which is an accessible and useful model for neurophysiological investigation. Etomidate is an ultrashort-acting nonbarbiturate intravenous anesthetic, which inhibits the spontaneous activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells through activation of GABA_A and glycine receptors in vivo in mice. However, the effect of etomidate on the spontaneous CSs activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells in living mouse is not clear. Methods: We here investigated the effects of etomidate on spontaneous CSs activity of cerebellar Purkinje cell in urethane-anesthetized mice by electrophysiology recording technique and pharmacological methods. Results: Our results showed that cerebellar surface perfusion of etomidate significantly depressed the activity of spontaneous CSs, which exhibited decreases in the number of spikelets and the area under curve (AUC) of the CSs. The etomidate-produced inhibition of CSs activity was persisted in the presence of GABA_A and glycine receptors antagonists. However, application of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist, AM-251, completely blocked the etomidate-induced inhibition of CSs. Furthermore, application of the CB1 receptor agonist, WIN55212-2, induced a decrease of CSs. Moreover, in the presence of a specific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, KT5720, etomidate failed to produce decreases in the spikelets number and the AUC of the spontaneous CSs. Conclusion: These results indicate that cerebellar surface application of etomidate facilitates CB1 receptor activity resulting in a depression of spontaneous CSs activity of Purkinje cells via PKA signaling pathway in mouse cerebellar cortex. Our present results suggest that the etomidate administration may impair the function of cerebellar cortical neuronal circuitry by inhibition of the climbing fiber – Purkinje cells synaptic transmission through activation of CB1 receptors in vivo in mice.

Trace Cu(II)-Mediated Selective Oxidation of Benzothiazole: The Predominance of Sequential Cu(II)-Cu(I)-Cu(III) Valence Transition and Dissolved Oxygen.

Trace Cu(II), which inherently exists in soil and some water/wastewater, can trigger persulfate oxidation of some pollutants, but the oxidation capability and mechanism are not well understood, especially toward refractory pollutants. We report in this research that benzothiazole (BTH), a universal refractory pollutant typically originating from tire leachates and various industrial wastewater, can be facilely and selectively removed by peroxydisulfate (PDS) with an equimolar BTH/PDS stoichiometry in the presence of environmental-relevant contents of Cu(II) (below several micromoles). Comprehensive scavenging tests, electron spin resonance analysis, spectroscopy characterization, and electrochemical analysis, revealed that PDS first reduces the BTH-coordinated Cu(II) to Cu(I) and then oxidizes Cu(I) to high-valent Cu(III), which accounts for the BTH degradation. Moreover, once the reaction is initiated, the superoxide radical is probably produced in the presence of dissolved oxygen, which subsequently dominates the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I). This facile oxidation process is also effective in removing a series of BTH derivatives (BTHs) that are of environmental concern, thus can be used for their source control. The results highlight the sequential Cu(II)-Cu(I)-Cu(III) transition during PDS activation and the crucial role of contaminant coordination with Cu(II) in oxidative transformation.

Introducing Bidirectional Axial Coordination into BiVO4@Metal Phthalocyanine Core-Shell Photoanodes for Efficient Water Oxidation.

Core-shell photoanodes have shown great potential for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. However, the construction of a high-quality interface between the core and shell, as well as a highly catalytic surface, remains a challenge. Herein, guided by computation, we present a BiVO4 photoanode coated with ZnCoFe polyphthalocyanine using pyrazine as a coordination agent. The bidirectional axial coordination of pyrazine plays a dual role by facilitating intimate interfacial contact between BiVO4 and ZnCoFe polyphthalocyanine, as well as regulating the electron density and spin configuration of metal sites in ZnCoFe phthalocyanine, thereby promoting the potential-limiting step of *OOH desorption. The resulting photoanode displayed a high photocurrent density of 5.7±0.1 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE. This study introduces a new approach for constructing core-shell photoanodes, and uncovers the key role of pyrazine axial coordination in modulating the catalytic activity of metal phthalocyanine.

Introducing Bidirectional Axial Coordination into BiVO4@Metal Phthalocyanine Core–Shell Photoanodes for Efficient Water Oxidation

AbstractCore‐shell photoanodes have shown great potential for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. However, the construction of a high‐quality interface between the core and shell, as well as a highly catalytic surface, remains a challenge. Herein, guided by computation, we present a BiVO4 photoanode coated with ZnCoFe polyphthalocyanine using pyrazine as a coordination agent. The bidirectional axial coordination of pyrazine plays a dual role by facilitating intimate interfacial contact between BiVO4 and ZnCoFe polyphthalocyanine, as well as regulating the electron density and spin configuration of metal sites in ZnCoFe phthalocyanine, thereby promoting the potential‐limiting step of *OOH desorption. The resulting photoanode displayed a high photocurrent density of 5.7±0.1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE. This study introduces a new approach for constructing core–shell photoanodes, and uncovers the key role of pyrazine axial coordination in modulating the catalytic activity of metal phthalocyanine.

What makes an excellent labour ward co-ordinator? Insights from the multidisciplinary team

Background/Aims Poor multidisciplinary teamwork on labour wards may lead to adverse consequences for women and babies. The labour ward co-ordinator is a central role in the multidisciplinary team; however, there has been little research into explore the skills and attributes necessary for this role. This study aimed to explore the labour ward co-ordinator's skills and attributes and their impact on multidisciplinary team working. Methods Constructive grounded theory was used to explore the perceptions of 21 labour ward multidisciplinary team members recruited using theoretical sampling from a maternity unit in northern England. Results Labour ward co-ordinators play significant roles in ward organisation, team situational awareness and a well-functioning multidisciplinary team. Co-ordinators had situational awareness through a ‘helicopter view’ of the ward, supported decision making and were approachable. Excellent labour ward co-ordinators used situational awareness to pre-empt emergencies and forward plan. Conclusions The labour ward co-ordinator role requires a different skillset to that of midwives delivering one-to-one care in labour. To develop midwives into the co-ordinator role, attention to continuing professional development is essential. Recruitment of consultant midwives dedicated to supporting midwives delivering care to women in labour should be considered.