Role Of Connective Tissue Research Articles

Functional Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Using Muscle Mimetic Tissue Fabricated by Microvalve-Assisted Coaxial 3D Bioprinting.

3D-printed artificial skeletal muscle, which mimics the structural and functional characteristics of native skeletal muscle, is a promising treatment method for muscle reconstruction. Although various fabrication techniques for skeletal muscle using 3D bio-printers are studied, it is still challenging to build a functional muscle structure. A strategy using microvalve-assisted coaxial 3D bioprinting in consideration of functional skeletal muscle fabrication is reported. The unit (artificial muscle fascicle: AMF) of muscle mimetic tissue is composed of a core filled with medium-based C2C12 myoblast aggregates as a role of muscle fibers and a photo cross-linkable hydrogel-based shell as a role of connective tissue in muscles that enhances printability and cell adhesion and proliferation. Especially, a microvalve system is applied for the core part with even cell distribution and strong cell-cell interaction. This system enhances myotube formation and consequently shows spontaneous contraction. A multi-printed AMF (artificial muscle tissue: AMT) as a piece of muscle is implanted into the anterior tibia (TA) muscle defect site of immunocompromised rats. As a result, the TA-implanted AMT responds to electrical stimulation and represents histologically regenerated muscle tissue. This microvalve-assisted coaxial 3D bioprinting shows a significant step forward to mimicking native skeletal muscle tissue.

MODERN ASPECTS OF THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ISTMIC-CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI), which results in the failure of the circular muscles of the internal os, isthmus and cervix of the uterus is important in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. The existing types are anatomical, functional and congenital ICI. ICI is a pathological condition of the cervix and the isthmus, in which they are unable to withstand the intrauterine pressure and keep a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity until birth. ICI is a serious complication of pregnancy. Genetic, hormonal, inflammatory-infectious, immunological, traumatic factors play a role in the occurrence of ICI. The aim of the study is to study the peculiarities of reproductive health and gestational process of pregnant women with ICI, according to the literature. For the study, we analyzed domestic and foreign publications on this topic in professional journals, as well as data from Internet resources. Results of the research show that ICI plays a special role among many causes that lead to preterm termination of pregnancy and premature birth in the II-III trimesters. The properties of the cervix depend on the ratio of connective and muscle tissue. Today, most authors distinguish between congenital, acquired, organic and functional isthmic-cervical insufficiency.Organic (post-traumatic, secondary) ICI occurs due to mechanical damage to the cervix. Functional ICI is the result of a violation of the relationship between the muscular and connective tissues of the cervix, as well as the result of changes in the response of its structural elements to neurohumoral stimuli. Functional ICI most often occurs as a consequence of a violation of the hormonal background of women (ovarian hypofunction, hyperandrogenism). Congenital ICI occurs in malformations of the uterus, genital infantilism. Histological examination of cervical tissue in women with ICI reveals an increase in muscle tissue up to 50%, which leads to early softening of the cervix of the uterus and development of its functional insufficiency. According to Kaufman KP (2021), the role of connective tissue in the development of ICI is confirmed by the fact, that this pathological condition of the cervix is found in women with Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) as a risk factor for complicated pregnancy, including ICI.Research of Huang J and co-authors (2021) found the presence of nutritional imbalance in patients with UCTD, which was manifested by changes in serum concentrations of magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, inorganic phosphorus. The relationship between changes in the microcirculation system, tissue perfusion and cervical condition is currently being actively discussed and confirmed in numerous studies.Fettweis JM (2019) believes that the mechanism of abortion at different stages of gestation is not the same in pregnant women with ICI. At the same time, all pregnant women with ICI at all stages of gestation have increased cytokine levels. However, an important factor in the premature termination of pregnancy in ICI is assigned to the infectious factor. The results of the study of the pathogenetic role of local immune responses in women with habitual miscarriage are often contradictory and dictate the need for further researches.Eventually, isthmic-cervical insufficiency is a multifactorial complication of pregnancy, in which genetic, hormonal, inflammatory-infectious, immunological or traumatic factors play a role.

Сторителлинг и децентрализация идентичности в цифровой среде

This article is devoted to the consideration of such a sphere of modern reality as the representation of a person in the digital environment through the statement. The study analyzes the process, mechanisms and ways of representation through storytelling. The historical aspect appears as an integral part of the exposure of the individual's attitude to the inner and surrounding reality, which is transmitted not only in the form of a reflexive monologue, but also in the form of an installation, an opinion, and a look. The author notes the multi-level use of storytelling in the context of social space and in building digital identity. The work defines the philosophical and methodological foundations of the study, describes in detail the provisions of fragmentation and plurality of digital identity. The content of the article indicates the forms of development of storytelling as a communication technology, substantiates the main forms of influence on the formation of identity and its broadcasting in the digital surroundings. The article shows how transmedia and cross-platform play the role of connective tissue for overcoming the fragmentation of transmitted meanings. Thus, the consistency in the formation of a single image is maintained. It also takes into account the problem of technological alienation and the ways to overcome it, one of which is storytelling. The involvement of this communication technology and self-presentation appears to be an essential element for the socio-cultural analysis of digital reality and the development of a new problem field associated with the significance of the digital history of the individual.

Cовременное представление о пучковом строении плечевого сплетения и нервов верхней конечности

Th e aim of the research. To summarise all available information about the bundle structure of the brachial plexus and the nerves of the upper limb. This systematic review aims to provide a viable basis for fascicular repair of damaged peripheral nerves. Material and methods. Th e search for papers was carried out using Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed electronic databases using the following keywords: “bundle structure of the brachial plexus and nerves of the upper limb”, “fascicular anatomy”, and “fascicular restoration of damaged nerves”. A total of 187 articles were reviewed and 104 articles were deemed relevant according to the inclusion criteria. Results. Th is review gives a detailed description of the five stages of search for knowledge and general features of the bundle structure of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves of the upper limb. The role of connective tissue in formation of plexuses and stabilisation of the bundle structure has been shown. The variant anatomy of the distal peripheral nerve bundles (shape, size, number and topography) has been described in detail. The role of knowledge about the bundle structure in the fascicular restoration of damaged peripheral nerves of the upper limb is shown. Conclusion. Over the past 250 years, a difficult path has been passed to reveal knowledge and form the idea of the bundle structure of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves of the upper limb. The knowledge gained has formed the basis for numerous methods of fascicular restoration of damaged nerves. Despite the results achieved, it is required to carry out further research on the organ features and variant anatomy of the bundle structure of all upper limb nerves all the way to the spinal cord.

The relationship between the position of the spine in the sagittal plane and longitudinal arching of the feet in school-age girls and boys - cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Discoveries concerning the role of connective tissue and myofascial chains require a change in thinking about the functioning of the human body and verification of the approach to correcting posture defects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the shape of the spine in the sagittal plane and longitudinal arching of the feet. Material and methods: 271 girls and 241 boys aged 10-12 years were examined. Height and body weight were measured. The BMI was calculated and the status of body weight was estimated. The depth of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis as well as the sagittal trunk inclination were assessed using the Zebris Pointer ultrasound system. Arching of the feet was determined on the basis of the Arch Index on BTS P-walk platform. Statistica v13 software was used to analyse the data. Results: Both sexes showed a tendency to have deeper thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. About 15% of the participants had flatfeet. Hollow and correct arching of the feet was observed with a similar frequency (38-43%). Hollow feet arching was accompanied by shallower lumbar lordosis and a shift of the body's general centre of gravity backwards. The participants with flat foot arching tend to have deeper lumbar lordosis. A greater depth of physiological curvatures of the spine and lower longitudinal arching of the feet were observed in boys. BMI was positively correlated with decreased arching of the feet and deepened lumbar lordosis. Conclusions: Longitudinal arching of the feet significantly correlates with the depth of lumbar lordosis and trunk balance.

Morphofunctional platform for forming clinical symptoms of celiakia in children with connective tissue dysplasia

Review article on the problem of celiac disease, which is widespread with diverse range of clinical manifestations and inadequate diagnosis, is presented. The conciderable prevalence of connective tissue disorders in the pediatric population, the important role of connective tissue in the function of all organ systems, including the gastrointestinal system, necessitates studying the impact of the impaired structure and function of connective tissue on the development of celiac symptoms. The paper describes the historical development of the concept of “celiac disease”, the process of studying the pattern of the onset and development of symptoms of the disease; modern studies explaining the varied complex mechanisms of the disease.The article cites the researchers who studied the role of connective tissue in the structure and function of all body systems with identifying the impact of connective tissue disorders on the development of the gastrointestinal pathology (abnormal motor- tonic activity, reflux disease, dysbiosis, disturbance of autonomic homeostasis) and the manifestation of celiac disease associated with connective tissue disorders.The conclusion stresses the need to consider the problem of celiac disease as a manifestation of the pathology of the whole organism with the obligatory diagnosis of comorbid diseases, including those associated with connective tissue disorders, which will provide a more successful therapy for celiac disease and an improved prognosis.

401 - The role of connective tissue in prostate cancer growth and progression

401 - The role of connective tissue in prostate cancer growth and progression

489 Understanding the role of connective tissue in the heat-induced changes of meat palatability

489 Understanding the role of connective tissue in the heat-induced changes of meat palatability

Biallelic B3GALT6 mutations cause spondylodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Proteoglycans are among the most abundant and structurally complex biomacromolecules and play critical roles in connective tissues. They are composed of a core protein onto which glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains are attached via a linker region. Biallelic mutations in B3GALT6, encoding one of the linker region glycosyltransferases, are known to cause either spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) or a severe pleiotropic form of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS). This study provides clinical, molecular and biochemical data on 12 patients with biallelic B3GALT6 mutations. Notably, all patients have features of both EDS and SEMD. In addition, some patients have severe and potential life-threatening complications such as aortic dilatation and aneurysm, cervical spine instability and respiratory insufficiency. Whole-exome sequencing, next generation panel sequencing and direct sequencing identified biallelic B3GALT6 mutations in all patients. We show that these mutations reduce the amount of β3GalT6 protein and lead to a complete loss of galactosyltransferase activity. In turn, this leads to deficient GAG synthesis, and ultrastructural abnormalities in collagen fibril organization. In conclusion, this study redefines the phenotype associated with B3GALT6 mutations on the basis of clinical, molecular and biochemical data in 12 patients, and provides an in-depth assessment of β3GalT6 activity and GAG synthesis to better understand this rare condition.

Non-myogenic Contribution to Muscle Development and Homeostasis: The Role of Connective Tissues.

Skeletal muscles belong to the musculoskeletal system, which is composed of bone, tendon, ligament and irregular connective tissue, and closely associated with motor nerves and blood vessels. The intrinsic molecular signals regulating myogenesis have been extensively investigated. However, muscle development, homeostasis and regeneration require interactions with surrounding tissues and the cellular and molecular aspects of this dialogue have not been completely elucidated. During development and adult life, myogenic cells are closely associated with the different types of connective tissue. Connective tissues are defined as specialized (bone and cartilage), dense regular (tendon and ligament) and dense irregular connective tissue. The role of connective tissue in muscle morphogenesis has been investigated, thanks to the identification of transcription factors that characterize the different types of connective tissues. Here, we review the development of the various connective tissues in the context of the musculoskeletal system and highlight their important role in delivering information necessary for correct muscle morphogenesis, from the early step of myoblast differentiation to the late stage of muscle maturation. Interactions between muscle and connective tissue are also critical in the adult during muscle regeneration, as impairment of the regenerative potential after injury or in neuromuscular diseases results in the progressive replacement of the muscle mass by fibrotic tissue. We conclude that bi-directional communication between muscle and connective tissue is critical for a correct assembly of the musculoskeletal system during development as well as to maintain its homeostasis in the adult.

The Tyrosine Sulfate Domain of Fibromodulin Binds Collagen and Enhances Fibril Formation

Small leucine-rich proteoglycans interact with other extracellular matrix proteins and are important regulators of matrix assembly. Fibromodulin has a key role in connective tissues, binding collagen through two identified binding sites in its leucine-rich repeat domain and regulating collagen fibril formation in vitro and in vivo Some nine tyrosine residues in the fibromodulin N-terminal domain are O-sulfated, a posttranslational modification often involved in protein interactions. The N-terminal domain mimics heparin, binding proteins with clustered basic amino acid residues. Because heparin affects collagen fibril formation, we investigated whether tyrosine sulfate is involved in fibromodulin interactions with collagen. Using full-length fibromodulin and its N-terminal tyrosine-sulfated domain purified from tissue, as well as recombinant fibromodulin fragments, we found that the N-terminal domain binds collagen. The tyrosine-sulfated domain and the leucine-rich repeat domain both bound to three specific sites along the collagen type I molecule, at the N terminus and at 100 and 220 nm from the N terminus. The N-terminal domain shortened the collagen fibril formation lag phase and tyrosine sulfation was required for this effect. The isolated leucine-rich repeat domain inhibited the fibril formation rate, and full-length fibromodulin showed a combination of these effects. The fibrils formed in the presence of fibromodulin or its fragments showed more organized structure. Fibromodulin and its tyrosine sulfate domain remained bound on the formed fiber. Taken together, this suggests a novel, regulatory function for tyrosine sulfation in collagen interaction and control of fibril formation.

MATERIALS OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “INTEGRATED CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC APPROACHES IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF CANCER”, JUNE 13–15, 2016, KYIV, UKRAINE

The International scientific conference “Integrated clinical and pathogenetic approaches in diagnosis and therapy of cancer” was held on June 13–15, 2016 at R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. The focus of the conference was a search for the new fundamental, translational and clinical approaches in cancer research, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. At the conference we have learned a lot of new data presented by researchers from many countries, namely Ukraine, Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Belarus. The Director of IEPOR, Academician Vasyl Chekhun gave an overview on the research that was and is performed at IEPOR, and also the future directions important to combat the cancer diseases. He discussed the concept of cancer stem cells, the importance of the multimeric interactions between cancer cells and normal cells, and microenvironment. Academician V. Chekhun highlighted that the research on stem cells were initiated at our Institute about half century ago by Academicians R. Kavetsky and Z. Butenko. And the First International Conference “Role of stem cell in leukemo­ and carcinogenesis” summarizing the early developments in the field was held at our Institute at that time. The new level of the cancer problem was presented by Professor Ingemar Ernberg from Karolinska Institutet (Sweden) who presented his recent concept of cancer cell “attractor”, at the edge of tumor bio logy, mathematical modeling and system biology. The keynote reports were presented also by Professor Ninel Berezhna, Doctor of Medical Sciences Victor Zhylchuk, Doctor of Sciences Iryna Kozeretska, Doctor of Sciences Olena Kashuba and Doctor of Sciences Denys Kolybo. The lecturers presented the up­to­date information on the role of connective tissue as the key factor of tumor microenvironment, the metastatic bone lesions and disseminated cancer cells in bone marrow, genetic aspects of cancer in Ukraine, the role of MRPS18­2 oncoprotein in regulation of cell differentiation, HB­EGF as potential oncomarker and target for anticancer therapy. We have listen to many interesting reports, concerning the choice of the targets for cancer therapy, presented by Ukrainian researchers (see enclosed abstracts). Cancer therapy and the problems of personalized cancer treatment were also in the spotlight. During conference, largely supported by the VACTRAIN of Horizon 2020 program, there were workshops with the training in wet lab on different modern research techniques, such as quantitative real­time PCR (qRT­PCR), Comet assay, Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and also immunohistochemistry. Many Master and PhD students and also young and experienced researchers took part in the workshops. This conference was also a platform to popularize the European School of Oncology, represented by Dr. Wojciech Wysocki from Poland. We are sure that this information will increase mobility of our medical students. During conference, we had a great opportunity to show our beloved country as it is to our guests. There were excursions around Kyiv and a boat trip on Dnipro, the travel to the regional center Chernihiv, the ancient city north from Kyiv. We hope that all participants got a take­home message: we have a long and difficult way to go to cure cancer disease, and we hope we reach our goal in our life time.

Role of Connective Tissue in the Body

Based on the analysis of theliterary sources, the article presentsthe connective tissue as a functional system and describes its functions in the body. It makes an attempt to justify the appurtenanceof the connective tissue to the regulatory system of the body

The role of connective tissue in the embryology of the musculoskeletal system: towards a paradigm shift

This paper presents a review of literature regarding the role of embryological connective tissue in the formation of muscles and the organization of the musculoskeletal system. The intention is to introduce a potential paradigm shift with regards to understanding peripheral coordination of movement and movement patterns. This new perspective could improve comprehension of the normal physiological function of connective tissue and, whenever it is pathological, resultant symptoms. Furthermore, this paper briefly discusses some implications of this paradigm shift in the interpretation of movement patterns, posing further questions for future research.

Viscoelastic behavior of a single collagen molecule

Collagen represents the most abundant protein in the human body and plays an important role in connective tissues. Here, molecular dynamics simulation was performed to assess tension of a single collagen molecule, and stress-strain curves were obtained. In total, two regions (termed regions I and II) in the curve were displayed. In region I, as the pulling velocity increased from 0.5 A/ps to 5 A/ps, the effective elastic modulus increased from 18.613 GPa to 27.632 GPa when water surrounded a single collagen molecule and increased from 15.308 GPa to 17.665 GPa when no water was involved. Conversely, in region II, effective modulus did not significantly change in response to changes in pulling velocity for both scenarios. We concluded that the viscoelastic behavior observed in region I corresponded to the uncurling of the collagen triple-helix. Water molecules likely play an important role in this viscoelastic behavior.

NMR Spectroscopic and Bioinformatic Analyses of the LTBP1 C-Terminus Reveal a Highly Dynamic Domain Organisation

Proteins from the LTBP/fibrillin family perform key structural and functional roles in connective tissues. LTBP1 forms the large latent complex with TGFβ and its propeptide LAP, and sequesters the latent growth factor to the extracellular matrix. Bioinformatics studies suggest the main structural features of the LTBP1 C-terminus are conserved through evolution. NMR studies were carried out on three overlapping C-terminal fragments of LTBP1, comprising four domains with characterised homologues, cbEGF14, TB3, EGF3 and cbEGF15, and three regions with no homology to known structures. The NMR data reveal that the four domains adopt canonical folds, but largely lack the interdomain interactions observed with homologous fibrillin domains; the exception is the EGF3-cbEGF15 domain pair which has a well-defined interdomain interface. 15N relaxation studies further demonstrate that the three interdomain regions act as flexible linkers, allowing a wide range of motion between the well-structured domains. This work is consistent with the LTBP1 C-terminus adopting a flexible “knotted rope” structure, which may facilitate cell matrix interactions, and the accessibility to proteases or other factors that could contribute to TGFβ activation.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway abnormalities in tenascin-X deficiency associated with CAH-X syndrome

Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with tenascin-X deficiency (CAH-X syndrome) have both endocrine imbalances and characteristic Ehlers Danlos syndrome phenotypes. Unlike other subtypes, tenascin-X-related Ehlers Danlos syndrome is caused by an extracellular matrix protein deficiency rather than a defect in fibrillar collagen or a collagen-modifying enzyme, and the understanding of the disease mechanisms is limited. We hypothesized that transforming growth factor-β pathway dysregulation may, in part, be responsible for connective tissue phenotypes observed in CAH-X, due to this pathway's known role in connective tissue disorders.Fibroblasts and direct tissue from human skin biopsies from CAH-X probands and age- and sex-matched controls were screened for transforming growth factor-β biomarkers known to be dysregulated in other hereditary disorders of connective tissue. In CAH-X fibroblast lines and dermal tissue, pSmad1/5/8 was significantly upregulated compared to controls, suggesting involvement of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway. Additionally, CAH-X samples compared to controls exhibited significant increases in fibroblast-secreted TGF-β3, a cytokine important in secondary palatal development, and in plasma TGF-β2, a cytokine involved in cardiac function and development, as well as palatogenesis. Finally, MMP-13, a matrix metalloproteinase important in secondary palate formation and tissue remodeling, had significantly increased mRNA and protein expression in CAH-X fibroblasts and direct tissue.Collectively, these results demonstrate that patients with CAH-X syndrome exhibit increased expression of several transforming growth factor-β biomarkers and provide a novel link between this signaling pathway and the connective tissue dysplasia phenotypes associated with tenascin-X deficiency.

Structure of the Fibrillin-1 N-Terminal Domains Suggests that Heparan Sulfate Regulates the Early Stages of Microfibril Assembly

SummaryThe human extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibrillin-1 is the primary component of the 10- to 12-nm-diameter microfibrils, which perform key structural and regulatory roles in connective tissues. Relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms of fibrillin assembly into microfibrils. Studies using recombinant fibrillin fragments indicate that an interaction between the N- and C-terminal regions drives head-to-tail assembly. Here, we present the structure of a fibrillin N-terminal fragment comprising the fibrillin unique N-terminal (FUN) and the first three epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains (FUN-EGF3). Two rod-like domain pairs are separated by a short, flexible linker between the EGF1 and EGF2 domains. We also show that the binding site for the C-terminal region spans multiple domains and overlaps with a heparin interaction site. These data suggest that heparan sulfate may sequester fibrillin at the cell surface via FUN-EGF3 prior to aggregation of the C terminus, thereby regulating microfibril assembly.

Extracellular Matrix Lumican Promotes Bacterial Phagocytosis, and Lum−/− Mice Show Increased Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection Severity

Phagocytosis is central to bacterial clearance, but the exact mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show a novel and critical role for lumican, the connective tissue extracellular matrix small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan, in CD14-mediated bacterial phagocytosis. In Psuedomonas aeruginosa lung infections, lumican-deficient (Lum(-/-)) mice failed to clear the bacterium from lungs, tissues, and showed a dramatic increase in mortality. In vitro, phagocytosis of nonopsonized gram-negative Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa was inhibited in Lum(-/-) peritoneal macrophages (MΦs). Lumican co-localized with CD14, CD18, and bacteria on Lum(+/+) MΦ surfaces. Using two different P. aeruginosa strains that require host CD14 (808) or CD18/CR3 (P1) for phagocytosis, we showed that lumican has a larger role in CD14-mediated phagocytosis. Recombinant lumican (rLum) restored phagocytosis in Lum(-/-) MΦs. Surface plasmon resonance showed specific binding of rLum to CD14 (K(A) = 2.15 × 10(6) M(-1)), whereas rLumY20A, and not rLumY21A, where a tyrosine in each was replaced with an alanine, showed 60-fold decreased binding. The rLumY20A variant also failed to restore phagocytosis in Lum(-/-) MΦs, indicating Tyr-20 to be functionally important. Thus, in addition to a structural role in connective tissues, lumican has a major protective role in gram-negative bacterial infections, a novel function for small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans.

TT polymorphism in rs2165241 and rs1048661 region in lysyl oxidase like‐1 gene may have a role in stress urinary incontinence physiopathology

In experimental studies, lysyl oxidase like-1 (LOX-L1) (-/-) mice were shown to have similar pelvic floor dysfunction to female rats. LOX-L1 levels in endopelvic fascia decrease as a result of increasing births in women with pelvic prolapse. For these reasons, we investigated the LOX-L1 gene polymorphism, which has an important role in connective tissue and collagenous metabolism in stress urinary incontinence (SUI). A total of 87 women with SUI who underwent normal vaginal delivery and 87 controls were involved in the study. Single nucleotide gene polymorphisms in LOX-L1's rs1048661, G>T, pArg141Leu, Exon-1 SmaI; rs3825942, C>T, pGly153Asp, Hinf-1 and rs2165241, C>T, İntron-1 BsrI regions were searched. The results were statistically compared as alleles with 3×2 χ(2) -test. A total of 32 (34%) GG, 20 (21%) GT, 42 (45%) TT, 32 (37%) GG, 43 (39%) GT, 21 (24%) TT polymorphisms in rs1048661; 30 (36%) CC, 16 (19%) CT, 37 (45%) TT, 41 (59%) CC, 15 (22%) CT, 13 (19%) TT polymorphisms in rs2165241; and 63 (72%) CC, 21 (24%) CT, 3 (4%) TT; 48 (6%) CC, 22 (30%) CT, 3 (4%) TT polymorphisms in rs3825942 were found in patients and the control group, respectively. In patients, the TT polymorphism in the rs1048661 and rs2165241 region were found to be significant. The homozygote TT polymorphism in the rs1048661 and rs2165241 region of LOX-L1 gene may be responsible from SUI physiopathology.