Cовременное представление о пучковом строении плечевого сплетения и нервов верхней конечности

Abstract

Th e aim of the research. To summarise all available information about the bundle structure of the brachial plexus and the nerves of the upper limb. This systematic review aims to provide a viable basis for fascicular repair of damaged peripheral nerves. Material and methods. Th e search for papers was carried out using Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed electronic databases using the following keywords: “bundle structure of the brachial plexus and nerves of the upper limb”, “fascicular anatomy”, and “fascicular restoration of damaged nerves”. A total of 187 articles were reviewed and 104 articles were deemed relevant according to the inclusion criteria. Results. Th is review gives a detailed description of the five stages of search for knowledge and general features of the bundle structure of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves of the upper limb. The role of connective tissue in formation of plexuses and stabilisation of the bundle structure has been shown. The variant anatomy of the distal peripheral nerve bundles (shape, size, number and topography) has been described in detail. The role of knowledge about the bundle structure in the fascicular restoration of damaged peripheral nerves of the upper limb is shown. Conclusion. Over the past 250 years, a difficult path has been passed to reveal knowledge and form the idea of the bundle structure of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves of the upper limb. The knowledge gained has formed the basis for numerous methods of fascicular restoration of damaged nerves. Despite the results achieved, it is required to carry out further research on the organ features and variant anatomy of the bundle structure of all upper limb nerves all the way to the spinal cord.