Changing Role Research Articles

Social and Intellectual History of Santri In Indonesia

This research explores the social and intellectual history of Santri in Indonesia as an integral part of the country’s religious and cultural life. This research seeks to reveal the role of Santri in shaping the social dynamics of society, as well as to understand their intellectual contributions to social change in Indonesia from pre-independence to the present day. The research method involves the analysis of historical documents and literature studies to compile a comprehensive narrative of the social and intellectual journey of santri. In this context, the role of the santri, the madrasah, and the pesantren as traditional centers of education that play a vital role in the spread of Islam and the formation of the santri character is analyzed. This research shows that Santri has a dual role as an agent of social and intellectual transformation. The findings of this study are expected to provide in-depth insights into the dynamics of santri in social and intellectual aspects, their role in social change, and the intellectual impact that has been generated. Along with the times, understanding the social and intellectual history of Santri is expected to contribute positively to Indonesian society’s understanding of cultural and religious diversity.

HIV programme sustainability inSouthern andEastern Africa andthe changing role ofexternal assistance forhealth.

High human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-prevalence countries in Southern and Eastern Africa continue to receive substantial external assistance (EA) for HIV programming, yet countries are at risk of transitioning out of HIV aid without achieving epidemic control. We sought to address two questions: (1) to what extent has HIV EA in the region been programmed and delivered in a way that supports long-term sustainability and (2) how should development agencies change operational approaches to support long-term, sustainable HIV control? We conducted 20 semi-structured key informant interviews with global and country-level respondents coupled with an analysis of Global Fund budget data for Malawi, Uganda, and Zambia (from 2017 until the present). We assessed EA practice along six dimensions of sustainability, namely financial, epidemiological, programmatic, rights-based, structural and political sustainability. Our respondents described HIV systems' vulnerability to donor departure, as well as how development partner priorities and practices have created challenges to promoting long-term HIV control. The challenges exacerbated by EA patterns include an emphasis on treatment over prevention, limiting effects on new infection rates; resistance to service integration driven in part by 'winners' under current EA patterns and challenges in ensuring coverage for marginalized populations; persistent structural barriers to effectively serving key populations and limited capacity among organizations best positioned to respond to community needs; and the need for advocacy given the erosion of political commitment by the long-term and substantive nature of HIV EA. Our recommendations include developing a robust investment case for primary prevention, providing operational support for integration processes, investing in local organizations and addressing issues of political will. While strategies must be locally crafted, our paper provides initial suggestions for how EA partners could change operational approaches to support long-term HIV control and the achievement of universal health coverage.

The Effect of Clinical Examination and Kennedy Classification on the Design of Removable Partial Dentures

The success of RPDS* depends greatly on it's design, (which means acrylic, ch-co**, and fixed).But unfortunately many dentists delegate their responsibility of RPDS design to the dental technician for one reason or another, this study was done to confirm the effect of kennedy classification and clinical examination on the RPD design, and to identify the changes between design of group (A) dental technician and group (B) the dentists, and to be solved in future.The result show 36% of the cases were modified and changed according to the cases related variables this high and significant number of modification reinforces the position that RPD design should be decided and guided by the dentists. The study conducted the effects of kennedy classification and clinical examination on the RPD design by comparing between designs group of Dental technician without clinical examination and designs marked by the dentists after providing the clinical examination, the change of design was clearly proved that the clinical examination played a very important role in changi ng the RPD designs.

Integrative analysis identifies gene signatures mediating the effect of DNA methylation on asthma severity and lung function

DNA methylation (DNAm) changes play a key role in regulating gene expression in asthma. To investigate the role of epigenetics and transcriptomics change in asthma, we used publicly available DNAm (asthmatics, n = 96 and controls, n = 46) and gene expression (asthmatics, n = 79 and controls, n = 39) data derived from bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). We performed differential methylation/expression and weighted co-methylation/co-expression network analyses to identify co-methylated and co-expressed modules associated with asthma severity and lung function. For subjects with both DNAm and gene expression data (asthmatics, n = 79 and controls, n = 39), machine-learning technique was used to prioritize CpGs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for asthma risk prediction, and mediation analysis was used to uncover DEGs that mediate the effect of DNAm on asthma severity and lung function in BECs. Finally, we validated CpGs and their associated DEGs and the asthma risk prediction model in airway epithelial cells (AECs) dataset. The asthma risk prediction model based on 18 CpGs and 28 DEGs showed high accuracy in both the discovery BEC dataset with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.99 and the validation AEC dataset (AUC = 0.82). Genes in the three co-methylated and six co-expressed modules were enriched in multiple pathways including WNT/beta-catenin signaling and notch signaling. Moreover, we identified 35 CpGs correlated with DEGs in BECs, of which 17 CpGs including cg01975495 (SERPINE1), cg10528482 (SLC9A3), cg25477769 (HNF1A) and cg26639146 (CD9), cg17945560 (TINAGL1) and cg10290200 (FLNC) were replicated in AECs. These DEGs mediate the association between DNAm and asthma severity and lung function. Overall, our study investigated the role of DNAm and gene expression change in asthma and provided an insight into the mechanisms underlying the effects of DNA methylation on asthma, asthma severity and lung function.

Roles of changes in land weathering intensity in the Nd cycle of the South China Sea during the past 30 kyr as inferred from neodymium isotopic composition in foraminifera

Neodymium isotopic compositions (εNd) in the marginal sea is influenced by the ocean circulations as well as the lithogenic input from continents, but their relative contributions and the impact of detrital sediments are not well constrained. In this study, Nd isotopic compositions of mixed planktonic foraminifera species and carbonate-free fraction of sediment from two cores collected at 1250–1350 m water depth in the southwestern (core MD01–2393) and northeastern (core MD18–3569) South China Sea (SCS) have been investigated in order to constrain the relative contributions of lithogenic Nd inputs from large Asian rivers and hydrological variations at intermediate depth in the SCS. The foraminiferal εNd values of both cores (−7.3 ± 0.2 to −5.8 ± 0.2 for core MD18–3569 and − 8.1 ± 0.2 to −7.2 ± 0.2 for core MD01–2393) indicate strong modifications of the initial εNd of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) (εNd of −4) flowing into the SCS by unradiogenic sediments (−13 to −11) from large Asian rivers. The foraminiferal εNd record of core MD01–2393 displays significantly unradiogenic values from 18 to 8 cal kyr BP which are associated with intensification of monsoon rainfall and river input of detrital material characterized by strongly altered minerals (high illite chemical index and kaolinite/illite ratio) deriving from tropical plain soils of the Mekong River basin. We suggest here that pedogenetic minerals from tropical plain soils are more efficient in terms of Nd exchange with the seawater than primary minerals produced by intense physical erosion during the glacial period. In contrast, the foraminiferal εNd record for the northern core MD18–3569 is characterized by radiogenic εNd values from 18 to 12 cal kyr BP; these values have been linked to an increased intrusion of radiogenic glacial NPIW to the northern SCS and greater ventilation of water masses (deduced from Δ14C) in the northern deep basin of the SCS compared to the southern one. This time interval is associated with newly formed NPIW in the subarctic Pacific Ocean beginning at about 18 cal kyr BP. Overall, our results indicate that the state of chemical weathering of sediment delivered by rivers is the main factor controlling the detrital modification of past seawater εNd distributions in the marginal sea of the SCS.

Analysis of Factors That Contribute To The Effectiveness of The Program for Increasing The Role of Women Towards a Healthy and Prosperous Family

One of the efforts to strengthen the role of women in the family context to improve overall family health and welfare is the Increasing the Role of Women towards a Healthy and Prosperous Family program. After one year, an analysis was carried out to find out what factors affect the effectiveness of this program. Specifically examine the influence of participation factors in programs, education, training, access to resources, culture and norms on increasing the role of women in the family and further on family welfare. Also culture and norms as moderator variables for the influence between changes in roles in the family on family well-being. Respondents were program participants, and were immediately interviewed for filling out questionnaires, which were processed with PLS Smart4 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) statistics. The findings of this study are that participation factors in programs, education, training, access to resources to change the role of women in the family play a role in the effectiveness of family welfare programs. Culture and norms proved to be moderator variables for the influence of changing roles in the family on family well-being. Meanwhile, culture and norms are not moderator variables for the influence of participant participation in programs and training education held on participants' access to resources. With this, it can be understood what factors need to be done to be fostered and improved, so as to accelerate the success process of the program to increase the role of women towards a healthy and prosperous family in Indonesia.

Out with the old, in with the new? Institutional experimentation and decent work in the UK

Drawing on an extended critical case study of the Greater Manchester (GM) city region in the UK, this article contributes to debates around the changing role of social actors within local labour markets, and how they contribute to processes of regulatory experimentation and innovation. While recent literature has drawn attention to new actors and novel strategies in responding to labour market disruptions, in this article the authors argue that there is still room for embedded actors and established practices in defending, and advancing, decent minimum standards. This may be through political lobbying, workplace organising, industrial action, extending collectively agreed standards to outsourced workers, or through hybrid forms of trade union–community campaigning. Against a wider background of labour market de-regulation, the authors’ case study points to the layering up of increasingly fluid and context-specific repertoires of conflict and cooperation that shape labour market ‘norms’ and legitimise particular progressive causes within local rather than national capitalisms.

Unveiling the microfoundations of philanthropic foundations: A call for comprehensive research of people and practices

AbstractFocusing on the governance and leadership of philanthropic foundations has never been more important. In today's world, where societal changes are happening rapidly, and there is greater scrutiny of people and practices, it is crucial to go beyond viewing foundations solely as organizational entities. This response to the original paper highlights the unique independence of foundations and identifies the significant research gap in understanding their internal dynamics. To comprehend individual‐level decisions' impact on organizations, this response suggests adopting a microfoundations view. As part of this view, research should consider the variety of roles that influence foundations far beyond governance and internal leadership and how practices need to be both aspirational and implementable. Future research is urged to adopt an interest in the depth of foundations and their breadth across contexts and jurisdictions to generate a more nuanced and holistic understanding of these unique organizations and their roles in social change.

Aerosol optical and radiative characteristics under contrasting pollution conditions in a typical urban valley in Northwestern China

Aerosol optical and radiative properties play a key role in climate change. Precisely pinpointing the optical and radiative properties of various types of aerosols during diverse pollution events in urban settings remains a challenge. In this study, aerosol optical and radiative properties under contrasting pollution conditions were investigated, including dusty, haze, fireworks, and clean days, in a typical urban valley in Northwestern China, based on observations from the Sun-Sky photometers and simulations from libRadtran. The results show that on dusty days aerosols have high absorption and low backscattering, while on haze days they are characterized by fine, absorptive organic aerosol particles with pronounced forward scattering in the ultraviolet and visible spectra. On fireworks days during Chinese New Year (CNY), fine-mode aerosols from fireworks dominate, with the highest scattering and the lowest absorption under the four pollution conditions, and the particle peak radius growth responds rapidly to changes in relative humidity. Aerosols generally cause Earth's surface cooling and atmospheric warming across various pollution conditions. Notably, dusty days, clean days, and haze days all exhibit a lower positive aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to lower single-scattering albedo (SSA). In contrast, CNY uniquely displays negative UV_ARF at TOA, attributed to high-SSA non-absorptive particles. Aerosols on dusty days have higher positive radiative forcing than on haze days, emphasizing the absorptive impact of mixed dust aerosols. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of aerosols under various pollution conditions in a typical urban valley, contributing to a better understanding of the environmental effects of various aerosols in arid urban regions.

The changing role of hotel attributes in destination competitiveness throughout a crisis

Purpose By conducting a longitudinal study, this study aims to investigate how the role of hotel attributes in destination competitiveness changed through the stages of pre-, amid and recovery from the crisis. Design/methodology/approach First, the latent Dirichlet allocation method was used to identify hotel attributes from 15,137 online reviews, and then a sentiment analysis was performed to determine tourist satisfaction with the subject attributes. Second, separate asymmetric impact competitor analyses were conducted for the three stages of the crisis, and their results were compared with understand how the role of the hotel attributes changed throughout the crisis. Findings The results revealed that the impacts of hotel attributes on tourist satisfaction and destination competitiveness differed significantly at each stage of the crisis. Research limitations/implications This research expands the existing literature by offering valuable insights by elucidating the changing characteristics of hotel attributes at each crisis stage. The results extend the body of knowledge in destination management by providing evidence on the validity of asymmetric impact competitor analysis. Originality/value To fully understand the impact of a crisis (e.g. COVID-19) on destination competitiveness with a focus on the hotel sector, this research conducted a longitudinal study that covers three stages of the crisis (i.e. pre-, amid and post-crisis). Moreover, unlike previous studies, this research considers the asymmetric relationships between service attributes and overall tourist satisfaction, as well as competitors’ information.

Changes in Intestinal Flora and Serum Metabolites Pre- and Post-Antitumor Drug Therapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

this study aimed to identify the relationships between gut microbiota, metabolism, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment outcomes, which are presently unclear. in this single-center prospective cohort study, we investigated changes in the gut microbiota and serum metabolite profile in 60 patients with NSCLC after four cycles of anticancer therapy. The microbial landscape of the gut exhibited a surge in Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota populations, alongside a decline in Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. Furthermore, a significant shift in the prevalence of certain bacterial genera was noted, with an increase in Escherichia/Shigella and Klebsiella, contrasted by a reduction in Bifidobacterium. Metabolomic analysis uncovered significant changes in lipid abundances, with certain metabolic pathways markedly altered post-treatment. Correlation assessments identified strong links between certain gut microbial genera and serum metabolite concentrations. Despite these findings, a subgroup analysis delineating patient responses to therapy revealed no significant shifts in the gut microbiome's composition after four cycles of treatment. This study emphasizes the critical role of gut microbiota changes in NSCLC patients during anticancer treatment. These insights pave the way for managing treatment complications and inform future research to improve patient care by understanding and addressing these microbiota changes.

Job polarisation in Italy: routinisation and structural change?

ABSTRACT Notwithstanding evidence on job polarisation in Italy, to date, studies have not investigated the role of structural change in explaining shrinking routine employment. Over the period 2004–2019, despite the structural change pattern of employment featured by the pronounced contraction of the most routine-intensive sector – i.e., manufacturing – declining routine employment emerges as a more generalised phenomenon involving all sectors, regardless of specialisation in routine-cognitive or routine-manual jobs. Province-level routine-tasks specialisation increases employment in low-skill occupations in six out of eight broad industries, while only 20 percent of the total contraction in routine employment is attributable to between-industry shifts.

Role of Serial change in Serum Procalcitonin Levels as a Marker to Predict 28th Day Mortality in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock

Objectives Worldwide, the estimated incidence of sepsis is >30 million cases every year with approximately 6 million deaths annually. Studies have shown that procalcitonin can be a reliable marker for diagnosis and predicting mortality in sepsis patients. In this study, we have tried to determine the role of serial changes in procalcitonin levels in predicting 28th day mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted at ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital from 1st November 2017 to 31st March 2019. Adults who were diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock and admitted to ICU, emergency or ward of the hospital were included. Sample for procalcitonin was taken at admission (day-1), and on day-5. Patients were followed telephonically to record final outcome at 28 days. Results Fifty-seven patients were enrolled in the study. 35(61.4%) patients had sepsis and 22 (38.6%) were in septic shock. 10 (17.54%) patients died over a period of 28 days follow up. The level of serum procalcitonin on day-1 was significantly higher in non survivors as compared to survivors (7.66±2.07 vs. 5.78±2.48, p-value-0.029). Percentage change in procalcitonin (ΔPCT) from day 1 to day 5 was significantly low among non survivors as compared to survivors (29.94 ± 38.29 vs 70.33±34.56, p- value-0.006). Of 10 patient who died, 8(32%) had ≤80% decrease in (ΔPCT) and only 2 (6.25%) had >80%decrease in (ΔPCT) (p= 0.016). SOFA, q-SOFA and serum lactate were significantly higher among non survivors and were also significant in predicting mortality on univariate analysis. But multivariate analysis showed that only (ΔPCT) had significant correlation with mortality (OR: 0.972, p=0.022) and hence can hence can be used as an independent marker of mortality in sepsis patient. Conclusion This study determined that more than baseline values of procalcitonin, the change in serial procalcitonin (ΔPCT) was significant in predicting mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock.

The Neurovascular Unit as a Locus of Injury in Low-Level Blast-Induced Neurotrauma.

Blast-induced neurotrauma has received much attention over the past decade. Vascular injury occurs early following blast exposure. Indeed, in animal models that approximate human mild traumatic brain injury or subclinical blast exposure, vascular pathology can occur in the presence of a normal neuropil, suggesting that the vasculature is particularly vulnerable. Brain endothelial cells and their supporting glial and neuronal elements constitute a neurovascular unit (NVU). Blast injury disrupts gliovascular and neurovascular connections in addition to damaging endothelial cells, basal laminae, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes as well as causing extracellular matrix reorganization. Perivascular pathology becomes associated with phospho-tau accumulation and chronic perivascular inflammation. Disruption of the NVU should impact activity-dependent regulation of cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier permeability, and glymphatic flow. Here, we review work in an animal model of low-level blast injury that we have been studying for over a decade. We review work supporting the NVU as a locus of low-level blast injury. We integrate our findings with those from other laboratories studying similar models that collectively suggest that damage to astrocytes and other perivascular cells as well as chronic immune activation play a role in the persistent neurobehavioral changes that follow blast injury.

Student intentions to continue with distance learning post-COVID: An empirical analysis.

The aftermath of COVID changed how students learn, mainly moving to a distance learning model. The research reported in this paper investigated the organizational and individual factors that influence the preference for continuing with distance / online learning post-COVID. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied to a model developed for this research, based on data from 452 students from residential universities in South Africa. The key results reveal an overall reluctance to continue with distance learning. This is despite the technological and faculty support offered to university students and how distance learning fits their learning styles. This is likely due to student living conditions and their perception of low institutional concern. On the other hand, faculty support has a more substantial impact on continuance, compared with a generally negative perception of support from the universities. The research underscores the importance of addressing student reluctance to continue with distance learning by improving institutional support and tailoring learning styles. The research enhances our understanding of crucial factors influencing students' preference for distance/online learning post-COVID. It also underscores the pedagogical shifts brought about by the pandemic, particularly highlighting the changing roles of faculty support and the impact on students' living conditions.

Revolutionizing Foreign Language Pedagogy in Islamic Boarding Schools Through Online Platforms: A Post-Pandemic Perspective

This study investigates the shift to online learning of foreign languages, specifically Arabic and English, in Islamic Boarding Schools post-pandemic, utilizing the Taallum Website as an e-learning model. A quasi-experimental time-series design was used to examine the changing role of foreign language teachers, comparing situations before and after the introduction of this e-learning method. Conducted from August 2021 to December 2022, the research involved both students and teachers. Surveys assessed their views on instructional techniques. Results highlighted a significant increase in teacher engagement with the e-learning model, as shown by a Paired Samples T-Test, which revealed a significant value of 0.000 and a t-count of 10.321, exceeding the t-table value of 2.365. The study demonstrates the Taallum Website application's efficacy in enhancing teacher involvement in foreign language education within Islamic Boarding Schools in the post-pandemic era, marking a departure from traditional e-module learning.

An archaeology of media artivism: attempting to draft the history of digital culture for social change

The emergence of media artivism over the last decades constitutes a new and relevant field of study for researchers of digital culture and social change, digital art historians and media archaeologists. Since the inception of the new millennium and the spread of electronic culture, media artivism has grown into a field of its own with distinctive organizations, artists, curators and critics devoted to engaged practices that are close to political antagonism and far from the concerns of the elitist art world. Considering the worsening environmental and political crisis around the globe, the spread and conscious use of new technologies becomes essential to update the concept of artivism, intended as a kind of action-taking art devoted to social issues. By establishing an epistemological framework along the lines of media archaeology and digital art history, the research highlights the role of media artivism in the context of recent historical and societal developments, as well as its potentially leading role for behavioral and social change. From pioneering experiences to current practices, the paper explores how a growing number of practitioners are tackling societal concerns through digital strategies and thus drawing attention to several critical topics, such as: gender issues, environmental delinquency, racial discrimination, social injustices, political corruption, abuse of power, invasive technologies and surveillance abuse. In the course of the analysis, a relevant role is given to practices based on hacktivism, public engagement and intercreative procedures that aim at highlighting, disclosing, or spreading the state of affairs which are still uncovered in traditional media and thus expanding the role of investigative art/journalism in the Postdigital Age. The case studies presented show how media artivism emerges as an autonomous field shaped by practitioners acting on the premise of a vocation on the fringe between society and the art world.

Neural correlates of drinking reduction during a clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region implicated in cognitive control and goal-directed behavior, plays a role in behavior change during CBT by facilitating the regulation of craving (ROC). Treatment-seeking participants with AUD (N = 22) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning both before and after a 12-week, single-arm trial of CBT, using an ROC task that was previously shown to engage the DLPFC. We found that both the percentage of heavy drinking days (PHDD) and the overall self-reported alcohol craving measured during the ROC task were significantly reduced from pre- to post-CBT. However, we did not find significant changes over time in either the ability to regulate craving or regulation-related activity in any brain region. We found a significant 3-way interaction between the effects of cue-induced craving, cue-induced brain activity and timepoint of assessment (pre- or post-CBT) on PHDD in the left DLPFC. Follow-up analysis showed that cue-induced craving was associated with cue-induced activity in the left DLPFC among participants who ceased heavy drinking during CBT, both at pre-CBT and post-CBT timepoints. No such associations were present at either timepoint among participants who continued to drink heavily. These results suggest that patients in whom DLPFC functioning is more strongly related to cue-induced craving may preferentially respond to CBT.

From tradition to transformation: The journey of school librarianship in India

This article delves into the rich tapestry of school librarianship in India, spanning from its ancient origins to its contemporary state. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining historical analysis, cultural insights, and educational perspectives to unravel the nuanced development of school libraries and the roles of librarians within them.Beginning with the ancient Indian tradition of Gurukuls, where oral transmission of knowledge was paramount, one can trace the evolution of early libraries and the revered "Guru-Pustakalaya" (teacher's library) as the precursor to formal school libraries. The medieval era witnessed the advent of Persian and Arabic manuscripts, leading to the establishment of Madrasas and Maktab libraries, which contributed to the dissemination of diverse knowledge. The colonial period introduced Western educational ideals and the establishment of missionary schools, thereby reshaping the landscape of school librarianship with the introduction of modern library systems and practices.In the post-independence era, the Indian government took significant steps to promote literacy and education, resulting in the proliferation of school libraries across the nation. The article explores the transformative impact of technology, the digital age, and the changing role of school librarians as facilitators of information literacy and digital resources. This comprehensive historical analysis sheds light on the continuum of school librarianship in India, emphasizing its pivotal role in education and knowledge dissemination throughout the ages. Understanding this evolution is essential for shaping the future of school libraries and librarianship in India, adapting to the changing educational landscape and information needs of the 21st century.

The Changing Role of Teachers and Teaching Styles in The Classroom of High Schools in Guyana Amidst the Pandemic

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic growth has garnered attention in recent literature (Blainey & Hannay, 2021). While initial reports by Johnson et al. (2021) suggested significant negative effects, subsequent research has indicated a nuanced perspective, with a diminishing impact over time. This study investigates evolving teacher roles during the pandemic in Guyana's schools and their influence on student performance in the Caribbean Secondary Examination Certificate (CSEC) Examinations held annually in May/June. A comprehensive literature review contextualizes the study by highlighting pandemic-induced changes in the learning process and associated factors. This research integrates qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis by employing an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2018). Initial findings underscore a pedagogical shift among teachers due to the pandemic. Outcomes vary based on available resources, particularly in the context of Guyana's schools. Notably, this research holds value for the Ministry of Education in formulating teacher and student development strategies, addressing competence and professionalism. Moreover, implications extend to the Cyril Potter College of Education, allowing the design of programs enhancing prospective teachers' preparedness for the evolving educational landscape.