Role Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

Poverty, Women Empowerment and Role of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan: Estimation of Women Empowerment Index

Women's empowerment is crucial for sustainable economic progress and poverty reduction in developing nations. The study interviewed 1000 households in Punjab Province, Pakistan, using Shoaib et al.'s (2012) sampling methodology and dividing the province into four regions. The index was calculated using Alkire and Foster's (2007) methodology. The study reveals that leadership and income are the most significant factors contributing to female disempowerment in the Punjab province. The Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index score is 0.70, with 21% of women empowered and 79% disempowered. The study found that 7% of women's disempowerment contributes to autonomy in production, 23% to income control, 19% to organizational membership, and 10% to public speaking. Males' insufficient accomplishment differs from girls, with leadership contributing at 35% and time allocation at 25%. Male disempowerment is 7% in wealth control, while males face similar disempowerment in production and resource access. Men contribute 5% to asset ownership, 6% to purchase and sale, and 11% to credit access and control. Men's disempowerment index includes 22% group participation, 13% public speaking, 13% workload, and 12% leisure. The gender parity index shows that 51.7% of women experience gender disparity, with an average empowerment difference of 45.7%.

Carbon reduction effect of agricultural green production technology: A new evidence from China

Both contemporary policy makers and scholars focus on the role of agricultural sector in better achieving carbon reduction and green transition. This paper empirically analyzes the impact and mechanism of agricultural green production technology (AGPT) on agricultural carbon emission intensity at the national level using the panel data of China's 31 provinces from 2000 to 2019 as well as the panel OLS method and spatial Durbin model. The results show that China's AGPTs adoption level have improved greatly and the agricultural carbon emission intensity has declined drastically in the period of 2000 to 2019. No-till planting and straw returning significantly inhibited agricultural carbon emission intensity, while water-saving irrigation had the opposite effect. Chemical fertilizers are substituted effect through zero-tillage planting and straw-return, thus reducing the agricultural carbon emission intensity. Water-saving irrigation serves as a supplement effect to chemical fertilizers application, inhibiting fertilizer's carbon increase effects. The role of AGPTs reduce carbon emissions is particularly dominant in main grain-producing areas. Straw-return played a significant negative spatial spillover effect on the agricultural carbon emission intensity of neighboring regions through technology dissemination across regions, and the spillover effect of zero-tillage planting and water-saving irrigation was not significant. According to local conditions, no-tillage planting and straw returning should be promoted, water-saving irrigation efficiency should be improved, and the input characteristics of high carbon elements in traditional agriculture should be gradually changed. A regional collaborative emission reduction mechanism should be established to achieve a long-term mechanism for agricultural carbon emission reduction and green development.

The Role Of Agriculture sector on economic Growth Of The Province Of Southeast Sulawesi C0vid-19 Pandemic TIME

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kinerja sektor pertanian terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara di masa pandemi covid-19, untuk mengetahui peran sektor pertanian terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Sulawesi Tenggara . Data yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Deksriptif. Pengujian yang digunakan dalam model Analisis LQ dan DLQ. Hasil penelitian Kinerja sektor pertanian selama masa pandemi covid-19 Triwulan I dan Ke Triwulan Ke II sektor pertanian tumbuh positif walaupun mengalami pelambatan akibat sebagian wilayah telah musim panen, permintaan hasil pertanian mulai menurun akibat kebijakan pembatasan sosial diawal pandemi khususnya perikanan sehingga nelayan mengurangi operasionalnya Pada triwulan III - IV laju pertumbuhan sektor pertanian terkontraksi akibat produksi perikanan turun drastis dan produksi panen padi menurun karena faktor cuaca dan hama penyakit. . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai LQ 1,76 > 1 akan DLQ 0,13< 1 artinya peran sektor pertanian di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dari basis menjadi non basis akan tetapi masih memiliki potensi pengembangan dimasa yang akan datang

The Impact of Climate Change on Major Agricultural Crops: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan

It is necessary for a country to make its agriculture sector efficient to enhance food security, quality of life and to promote rapid economic growth. The evidence from least developed countries (LDCs) indicates that agriculture sector accounts for a large share in their gross domestic product (GDP). Thus the development of the economy cannot be achieved without improving the agriculture sector. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan (2011-12) its main natural resource is arable land and agriculture sector’s contribution to the GDP is 21 percent. The agricultural sector absorbs 45 percent of labour force and its share in exports is 18 percent. Given the role of agricultural sector in economic growth and its sensitivity to change in temperature and precipitation it is important to study the impact of climate change on major crops in Pakistan. There are two crops seasons in Pakistan namely, Rabi and Kharif. Rabi crops are grown normally in the months of November to April and Kharif crops are grown from May to October. These two seasons make Pakistan an agricultural economy and its performance depends on the climate during the whole year. Climate change generally affects agriculture through changes in temperature, precipitation.

Transparent subsidized agri‐product distribution during pandemics with reputation based PoA blockchain

SummaryTechnological advancements play a crucial role in agriculture sector aiming at eradicating numerous problems. These problems are intensified due to pandemics like delay overhead in the subsidized agri‐products supply chains. The existing technology‐based solutions are not readily adopted by stakeholders due to absence of trust. Blockchain can impart more transparency and trust in agri‐supply chains leading to fair pricing. The idea of using blockchain for financing processes in agriculture has resulted from the managerial pressure and fiscal scams which eventually aggravate the plight of farmers. Thus, a blockchain‐based subsidized agri‐products distribution (SAPD) is proposed. Blockchain has been optimized by a reputation‐based Proof‐of‐Authority (PoA) consensus algorithm. It has been implemented using Ethereum blockchain on AWS EC2 cloud. The smart contract is designed in solidity. Detailed performance evaluation has been conducted to compute cost and processing time that shows a substantial reduction in cost of managerial operations with respect to previous work by 41.65%. Finally, to assess the utility of SAPD system a qualitative user survey has been conducted. Managerial significance of system is reflected in memory space reduction by 85% in light clients and increase in transaction execution per second by 31% using reputation‐based PoA.

Role of Agriculture Sector in the Economic Development

Role of Agriculture Sector in the Economic Development

Development of smart machine for sorting of deceased onions

Today, we are thinking to raise Farmer’s income through various means and measures. Implementation of new crop patterns, technology inclusion and promoting the eshtablishment of numerous agro processing industries will play a major role in agriculture sector. The labour issue is also one of the main concerns in many of the agricultural activities. In this paper we propose a technological evolvement in onion detection process, where we apply image processing and sensory mechanism to identify sprouted and rotten onions respectively. This will yield to quick, accurate and prompt supply of goods to the market, irrespective of lack of consistent but costly manpower. The efficiency of this prototype in identifying the sprouted onions with the help of camera is observed to be upto 87% and also the response of Gas sensing system in detecting rooten onions under prescribed chamber dimensions is analysed and obtained encouraging results.

Measuring Technical Efficiency of the Smallholder Crop Farms Using Stochastic Production Frontier Approach

Agricultural productivity in Africa is the lowest in the world with many households not being able to feed themselves. In Africa, women play a major role in agriculture sector constituting about 70–80 per cent of the labour force there. Regrettably, their farm productivity is relatively low mainly due to their inefficient use of farm inputs, which has a serious implication for their socio-economic condition as well as health and nutrition status. With this backdrop in mind, the study investigated the technical efficiency (TE) of the female crop farmers in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Stochastic production frontier approach and ANOVA models were applied to analyse the primary data collected on the 216 female farmers randomly selected from 18 communities of the 3 states in the Delta. It has been found that the farm size and the quantity of labour positively influence TE of these farmers. However, farmer’s age shows a negative sign implying a decrease in technical inefficiency in age whereas the years of schooling shows a positive sign implying an increase in inefficiency with schooling thereby a resulting decrease in TE with schooling. Farm efficiency level in Delta and Akwa Ibom States was not significantly different. However, TE level in both Delta and Akwa Ibom States was significantly different from Rivers State. Since, the age of farmers showed positive influence on TE, farmers should form group and organise regular meetings to enable share knowledge and experiences on the efficient use of farm resources in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria.

Technical equipment of agriculture in Kazakhstan as a factor of increasing its competitiveness

The material basis for the development of technological innovations, increasing the competitiveness of domestic food is technical potential. The purpose of the study is to study the current state of provision of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan with agricultural machinery, to identify the main problems and prospects of agricultural engineering. Based on the use of economic and statistical method, the analysis of the availability of the main types of agricultural machinery in the republic for 2013-2020 was done. Consideration of statistical data indicates that technical equipment of agricultural production is one of the determining factors for its effective development. Results – the experience of the CIS and foreign countries in the formation of technical base of agricultural producers is presented and the role of agricultural sector in sustainable development of the country's economy is justified. The dynamics of the output of the main types of agricultural machines is shown, taking into account the State Program on Development of the AIC of the RK for 2017-2021. The key problematic issues of material and technical support of agricultural industry are reflected: wear and tear of equipment, excess of standard service period, weak technical means, high cost of agricultural equipment. The data on domestic enterprises producing various agricultural machinery are presented. Conclusions based on the analysis, the authors note that due to insufficient volumes of domestic production of agricultural machinery, their main quantity and types are supplied from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and foreign countries. Information about suppliers of agricultural machinery is presented, indicating the name and brand of machinery. As a result of the conducted research, the necessity of development of agricultural machinery for updating technical means of agro-industrial complex has been justified. For these purposes, a set of measures aimed to improve technical equipment of agro-industrial production of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been developed.

Communication Behavior of Farmers in Accessing Information on Banana Cultivation in the Industrial Revolution 4.0

Agricultural information plays an important role in agricultural sector. Information is used as the main source in making top-down decisions. Farmers can access information from both formal and informal sources. Farmers' decisions in accessing information according to their needs and reliable sources are influenced by farmer communication behavior. This study aims to analyze and describe the communication behavior and barriers of farmers in accessing information on banana cultivation in order to compete in global market. This research was conducted in December 2019-January 2020 at Bareng Mukti Farmer Group, located in Ponggok Hamlet, Sidomulyo Village, Bambanglipuro District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study surveyed ten informants from active members and administrators. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis with Miles and Huberman analysis model. The results shows that farmers are still being passive in accessing information on banana cultivation and lack of awareness about the latest communication technology.

Role of Agriculture sector in the era of globalization.

Agriculture is the important part of world economy.Agriculture sector is the part and percell of economy.

Vegetable growing of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of pandemic

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in most countries, after the adoption of emergency measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection, various economic measures have been implemented to support the population and stabilize the economy. Global changes are taking place in the world, which is associated with issues of cooperation, management activities using a wide range of methods, transformations in agro-industrial complex. To ensure food security of the country, the role of agricultural sector of the republic is increasing. The authors explored main directions of the effective development of vegetable growing in the southern region of the country. The issues of vegetable-growing subcomplex of agri-industrial complex have been identified. Based on the analysis, their assessment, as well as the potential of the industry's innovative activity are presented. There are great prospects for vegetable market, as the consumption of these products, which are rich in vitamins, minerals necessary for the organism, as well as a balanced diet, is increasing. The solution to the problems is in the transition to industrial technologies, the widespread dissemination of business ideas. The measures necessary to expand the scope of introduction of high-performance technologies in the vegetable sector are considered. The importance of public support for the growth of vegetable production is shown. The destabilizing factors of competitiveness of vegetable growing in Kazakhstan have been identified, proposals on improvement of the efficiency of this industry have been developed which are based on innovation. The authors state the need for innovative restructuring in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, public variety testing, and control over the use of pesticides. The level of provision of the population with vegetable products, and processing industry with raw materials are determined by the development and location of vegetable growing in the republic, as well as labor provision and transport accessibility of sales markets.

WITHDRAWN: A deep learning based crop disease classification using transfer learning

Abstract Healthy crops play crucial role in agriculture sector, which is backbone of our country. Unidentified crop diseases may lead to huge loss in agriculture sector and therefore rapid identification and detection of this is necessary. Correct identification and detection of the crop diseases may save the crops from being spoiled. Farmers cannot identify the disease just by observing the crop leaf, as the healthy crop and the effected crop appear same at the initial stages. This issue can be solved by implementing Deep learning models. The data collected for this study comprises of 20,639 images, which is taken from Plant village database. This research work is carried out by fine tuning the ResNet50 model with hyper parameters such as learning rate, mini-batch size and number of epochs. The proposed methodology achieves highest classification accuracy of 99.26 percent for fine tuning ResNet50.

Mid storage seed hardening: a mechanical method to maintain seed viability during long term jute seed preservation

Seed plays an important role in agricultural sector for both production and consumption purpose. Availability of vigour seed is one of the major constraints for maximizing crop production. However, healthy seed can also lose its viability during seed storage by changing different physio-chemical properties. Influence of environmental factors and seed containers during storage leading to seed deterioration. In this research, mid storage seed hardening treatment was applied in different aged seeds of jute species (C. Capsularis & C. olitorius) with two types of storage bags. Seed hardening treatment showed the less moisture content with better germination percentage compared to the untreated species of jute seeds. Seed packing in polythene bags during both short and long term seed storages had higher viable seeds compared to the cloth packing seeds. The effect of seed hardening treatment on seed oil content and pattern of oil degradation is distinct in early period of storage. The faster rate of oil degradation, soluble protein and free amino acids was found in seeds of un-treated stored seeds in cloth bag. Contrary, very slow rate of oil degradation was observed in harden seed and stored in polythene bag which indicated better storability of harden seeds.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Different synthesis approaches and applications

Nanotechnology deals with the synthesis and usage of materials with nanoscale dimension (1-100 nm). Nanoscale dimensions of the particles provide large surface to volume ratio and thus very specific properties. Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has gained prime importance in recent arena due to its high excitation binding energy and large bandwidth and it has potential applications like anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, wound healing, antioxidant and optical properties. Zinc (Zn) is a common mineral element in nature which plays an immense role in many biological processes. It is defined as an essential trace element or micronutrient which is very much crucial for the normal growth and the development of all higher plants as well as animals. Zinc directly involves in enzyme function associated with the photosynthesis and energy process in plants. It also plays an important role in maintenance of membrane integrity, formation and production of growth hormone, insulin, thyroid etc. Due to the involvement of large rate of toxic chemicals and requirement of extreme environment, chemical and physical methods of nanoparticle synthesis often became inappropriate. Whereas, green methods are used in a wide range of biological samples including plants, fungus, bacteria, and algae, which act as both reducing and capping agent. Biologically synthesized zinc nanoparticles have been reported for versatile applications in the field of medicine and pharmacy, for bio-imaging and bio-sensor production, in gene therapy and drug delivery system. Zinc nanoparticles also play vital role in agricultural sector including plant growth and development, enhancement of crop yield and post-harvest processing. In spite of being great potential of ZnO NPs for abiotic and biotic stress management, research works in this field is considerably less. This review described the summary of the recent works in the synthesis mechanism, characterization techniques, and applications of biosynthesized ZnO NPs in medicine and agriculture with special reference to application on plant growth, development and abiotic stress management.

Performance of WRF’S Microphysics Options to Increase the Medium Range Rainfall Forecast Accuracy in Tamil Nadu Cauvery Delta Zone

Weather plays a significant role in agricultural sector and the favourable weather enhance the opportunities and sustainability for crop production. Agriculture oriented Medium Range Weather Forecasts (3 – 10 days), particularly rainfall information in a week advance helps the farmers to overcome the aberrant weather conditions, reduces both input and output loss, thereby warranted higher benefit – cost ratio and net income. An attempt was made to improve the accuracy of medium range rainfall forecast (6 days) at Cauvery Delta Zone, the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu state, during South West Monsoon (June – Sep. 2020) and North East Monsoon (Oct. – Dec. 2020). The performance study of four microphysics schemes in WRF viz., Kessler, WSM3, WSM5 and WSM6 concluded that the WSM3 scheme produced more accurate forecast in Tamil Nadu's Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ) during both the South West Monsoon (SWM) and North East Monsoon (NEM). The 2nd better choice was the Kessler scheme, where the WSM5 and WSM6 were bad performers in CDZ. The forecast usability was decreased with increasing lead time, irrespective of season and microphysics. Among the seasons forecast accuracy and usability were higher in NEM than SWM.

IoT enabled system to monitor and control greenhouse

In this paper a system is developed for monitoring the crops in green house using solar energy. India is an agricultural country and the agricultural sector accounts for 18% of GDP of India. This sector provides 50% employment to Indian workforce. As per 2011 census of India, almost 65% of people are fully dependent on agriculture. In spite of fertile land, crops yields are not more than compared to developed countries. Therefore, it is not wrong to say that from time to time there has been less development and research in agriculture sector. Technology may play a vital role in agricultural sector, because it reduces human effort and time. The developed system is a combination of power electronics and power system in which the system uses GSM technique (Global System for Mobile communication), Arduino, and various sensors to sense the real time data in greenhouse. Using sensor, the system obtains the real time data of the crops and then transmits it on the user mobile. The user can monitor and control the temperature, watering and light through mobile.

MOISTURE CONTENT AND VARIETY OF JUTE SEED IS AFFECTED BY LONG TERM SEED STORAGE

Seed perform a vital role in agricultural sector for crop production as well as seed business. Scarcity of healthy seed hinder not only the crop production but also the quality of seed. Storing of healthy seed with proper storing condition is one of the suitable methods to maximize production however, healthy seed also lose its quality during seed storage. Seed remains viable for long time if the seed stored by maintaining seed moisture content, storage temperature with storage container. So, this experiment was carried out to observe the quality parameters of jute seed during long term storing. To find out the storage effect an experiment was conducted on march, 2020 at seed laboratory, Jute Agriculture Experimental Station, Jagir, Manikganj, Bangladesh during the period of January 2016 to March, 2020. Plastic pot was used in this experiment as a storage container to store jute seeds. Three tossa jute (C. olitorius L.) varieties viz., O-795 (V1), O-9897 (V2) and OM-1 (V3) were used in this study. Result revealed that storage period and jute variety showed significant effect on different seed quality parameters. The highest seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour and the lowest 1000-seed weight, moisture content were recorded in T5 (2019-20) treatment. On the other hand, the lowest seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour and the highest 1000-seed weight, moisture content were recorded in T1 (2015-2016) treatment. Furthermore, seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour was negatively but 1000-seed weight was positively correlate with moisture content. Results revealed that extended storage period caused the decreasing seed quality and seed can be stored for three years in plastic container without hampering the seed quality.

Information Spillover in Indian Agricultural Commodities Market

Role of agricultural sector in Indian economy is prominent, as being an agrarian economy and having the second highest population in the world. Thus, the efficiency of this sector is the foremost factor for development and growth of the economy. This article attempts to examine the price discovery relationship of future and spot prices of five agricultural commodities, namely cardamom, crude palm oil, cotton, mentha oil and kapas, during the period 2011–2019. Johansen’s co-integration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality block exogeneity test were employed for the study. We found that price discovery process is established for agricultural commodities under consideration. Future prices act as a leader in achieving long-run equilibrium for all commodities except cardamom. Causality was significantly reported for all commodities, as bidirectional causality runs between the prices. The study suggests that Forward Market Commission should be empowered more to control and regulate the market, which will ensure the efficient market situations in these commodities’ market. Attempt was made to evaluate price discovery process in agricultural commodities market during post sub-prime crisis period, which was ignored by majority of researchers.

Ind-AMSAD: A multidimensional design analysis using micro-strategy analytics desktop for Indian agriculture

India being an agricultural country has a major role of agricultural sector in the Indian economy. The socio-economic background of Indian economy is greatly affected by agriculture. Due to this reason the agricultural data in India is very large, diversified and is complex to handle. This data need to be organized in a proper format so that it becomes easy and efficient to run queries over data that came from different sources. In this paper, a multidimensional schema design is implemented through the concepts of Data Warehouse. The proposed methodology, Ind-AMSAD, proposes a multi-dimensional schema (star schema) which integrates agricultural data and provides a simpler and flexible view to handle complex queries. In this paper, the dimensions (attributes) affecting the crop production are studied and analysed using the proposed Ind-AMSAD framework. The performance of crops based on type of land, environment & whether conditions is analysed. Further, for analysing the data, Micro-strategy Analytics Desktop has been used. In further studies, the proposed design methodology can be used for predicting/forecasting various issues in agriculture domain.