Rogers RT Research Articles

Design and Simulation of a High Performance 5G mm-Wave MIMO Antenna Array for Mobile Applications

This paper presents the design and simulation of an efficient multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) mobile applications. With a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009, the substrate employed is a Rogers RT5880 that is 0.254 mm thick. The 37 GHz frequency spectrum, reserved for millimeter-wave mobile applications for 5G, is covered by the proposed MIMO antenna arrays. The single antenna element has a gain of 6.44 dBi, which is increased to 7.89 dBi with a two-element array configuration and 10.88 dBi with a four-element array configuration. The proposed MIMO antenna array performance metrics—including reflection coefficient, VSWR, radiation efficiency, and gain—are seen and discovered to be below the accepted threshold. In the desired operating frequency band, it is noticed that more than 85% of the proposed MIMO antenna array's radiation efficiency is achieved. According to simulation findings, the proposed design may be potentially feasible for mobile applications using millimeter waves in the 5G network.

Enhanced performance of microstrip antenna fabricated on a composite dielectric substrate coupled with multiple dielectric superstrates

In this study, we introduce a unique geometrical design of a rectangular patch antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The proposed antenna is designed at 5.2 GHz, and design criteria and performance characteristics have been investigated through numerical simulations and verified using measured data. A composite structure is suggested to overcome the restrictive parameters of conventional antennas. Two different materials, Rogers RT5880, and RT5870, are utilized, achieving a maximum gain of 6.210 dB, and a 90.2% radiation efficiency was attained. Four layers of superstrates are placed above the antenna to enhance the antenna's radiation performance further. The fabricated antenna is evaluated by measuring its radiation characteristics and return loss. The final antenna prototype offers a maximum bandwidth of about 896 MHz at a −10 dB reflection coefficient with a maximum gain of 9 dB. The proposed model achieved ultimate efficiency as high as 89% by employing four superstrates. The results showed good impedance matching (S11, VSWR), high efficiency, and appropriate radiation patterns. The outcomes from simulation and measurement are well aligned, making this antenna suitable for high-performance 5G applications.

Flexible and Wearable Antenna Design for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Application

The emergence of wearable technology has revolutionized the way we interact with electronic devices, integrating them into our daily routines. From fitness trackers, smart watches to augmented reality glasses and medical monitoring devices, wearable have become increasingly prevalent. Among the most commonly employed wireless technologies within wearables are Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The design of efficient and reliable antennas for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi applications in wearable is of paramount importance to ensure optimal performance and user satisfaction. In this paper presented a flexible and wearable antenna design for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi application utilizing the Rogers RT5880 flexible substrate, characterized by a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 20mil. The study delves into various analyses of the antenna, including its performance concerning on-body and off-body communication, along with an exploration of the antenna's response to different bending effects. Moreover, the research investigates how the antenna interacts with a human tissue model, providing insights into its behavior and performance in diverse usage scenarios.

Design of Enhanced Wide Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Defected Ground Structures (DGS) for Sub-6 GHz Applications

In this paper a comprehensive comparative study of three distinct microstrip patch antenna (MPA) designs, each optimized for the sub-6 GHz applications, is presented. The initial design phase utilized a Rogers RT 5880 substrate with a permittivity (εr1) of 2.2 and a thickness(H1) of 1.42 mm. The proposed model achieved a resonance band ranging from 4.8 to 7 GHz, with a bandwidth of 2.2 GHz and a return loss (S11) of -20 dB. Subsequent enhancements involved integrating a Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin film (εr2 = 250, thickness(H2) = 0.005 mm), effectively shifting the operational band to 3.5-5.3 GHz. The final design iteration, which incorporated both BST and a Defective Ground Structure (DGS), represented a substantial advancement, achieving wideband operation from 1.8 to 6 GHz, expanding the bandwidth to 4.2 GHz, and improving the S11 to -25 dB. This integration also resulted in a compact antenna size of 30 x 26.5 x 1.42 mm³. These findings underscore the synergistic impact of BST and DGS in enhancing MPA design, marking a significant progression in antenna technology, vital for a range of wireless communication.

Compact dual-band metamaterial absorber: Enhancing electromagnetic energy harvesting with polarization-insensitive and wide-angle capabilities

A novel compact metamaterial (MM) energy harvester optimized for Wi-Fi frequencies (2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz) is introduced in this study. The energy harvester exhibits polarization insensitivity and versatility across various incident angles. The energy harvesting (EH) efficiency is evaluated using numerical simulations and practical experiments. The design features ring and octagonal resonators constructed with Rogers RT 5880 Substrate, with each octagonal resonator incorporating a strategically placed gap for lumped elements. The structure's impedance is meticulously aligned with free space to efficiently absorb incident electromagnetic (EM) power with minimal reflection. The simulation outcomes indicate that normal incidence at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz yields high-efficiency levels of 96 % and 98 %, respectively. To validate these results experimentally, we conducted tests in an anechoic chamber using a fabricated 3 × 3 array structure. The results showed a significant correlation between the simulation outcomes and experimental data. The proposed MM energy harvester is highly efficient and shows great promise as an alternative for various microwave applications, such as EH and wireless power transfer.

Dual circular complementary split ring resonator based metamaterial sensor with high sensitivity and quality factor for textile material detection

In this paper, a novel metamaterial sensor with excellent sensitivity and quality factor for microwave sensing applications is presented. The designed metamaterial sensor is assembled on a 1.575 mm thickness of low-cost dielectric substrate material (Rogers RT5880), and the copper is used as a resonator. Computer Simulation Technology version 2019 (CST-2019) software is employed to design and analyze the proposed metamaterial sensor. In addition, the Advanced Design System version 2016 (ADS 2016) software is used to validate the CST simulated model. Subsequently, the simulated results were validated using laboratory measurements. The optimized cell is small; its dimension is 10 × 10 mm2, and the obtained resonances are 3.85 and 6.85 GHz with notches of −26.29 and −40.03 dB, respectively. The textile material is detected by the resonance frequency change, and this frequency is dependent on the material’s permittivity values. To test the developed sensor’s sensing capabilities, three types of textiles—wool, fleece, and denim—are used. The effective medium ratio, sensitivity, and Q-factor of the structure are evaluated, and the obtained values are 8.96, 14.57%, and 345, respectively. The sensor for detecting textile materials works in the S and C bands. The resonances are shifted 530 MHz between the air and wool, 420 MHz between the air and fleece, and 640 MHz between the air and denim. The simulated outcomes and laboratory results almost matched. The projected sensor can be employed in the apparel sector to identify textile materials because it is small, inexpensive, has a high quality factor, and has high sensitivity.

MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN WITH ENHANCED RADIATION EFFICIENCY FOR 5G 60 GHZ MILLIMETER-WAVE SYSTEMS

In this paper, a wideband, high-gain microstrip patch antenna design for 60 GHz applications is presented. The chosen substrate material is Rogers RT 5880, with a thickness of 1.6 mm, a relative permittivity of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. Initially, a simple rectangular patch antenna is designed. To address the challenges of low gain and low radiation efficiency, two rectangular parasitic elements are introduced. These parasitic elements interact with the main radiator, resulting in improved gain and radiation efficiency. In the final step, an extended ground plane structure is adopted to further enhance return loss, radiation efficiency, and gain. The proposed antenna achieves a high gain of 13.10 dBi and a maximum radiation efficiency of 90% with a compact size of 13.6 × 10.6 mm2. For bandwidth calculations, given that the 60 GHz frequency band is known for its challenging propagation environment, the -15 dB criteria is chosen instead of the commonly used -10 dB criterion. According to this -15 dB criterion, the antenna exhibits wideband behavior spanning from 55 to 65 GHz, offering an impressive impedance bandwidth of 10 GHz. This design demonstrates significant potential for 60 GHz applications.

Design and Analysis of a Quad-Band Antenna for IoT and Wearable RFID Applications

The role of antennas in wireless communication is critical for enabling efficient signal transmission and reception across various frequency bands, including those associated with IoT (Internet of Things), X-band, S-band, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) systems. This paper presents a small quadruple-band antenna with 25 × 40 × 1.5 mm3 dimensions designed for diverse wireless applications. It is adept at operating in the S-band (2.2 GHz), wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.7 GHz), microwave RFID frequency band (5.8 GHz), and X-band (7.7 GHz and 8.3 GHz). While the majority of existing research focuses on antennas covering two or three bands, our work stands out by achieving quad-band operation in the proposed antenna design. This antenna is constructed on a semiflexible Rogers RT5880 substrate, making it well-suited for wearable applications. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio (2019) simulation package software is chosen for design and analysis. The antenna design features a comb-shaped radiating structure, where each “tooth” is responsible for resonating at a distinct frequency with an appropriate bandwidth. The antenna retains stability in both free space and on-body wearability scenarios. It achieves a low specific absorption rate (SAR), meeting wearable criteria with SAR values below 1.6 W/Kg for all resonating frequencies. The proposed antenna demonstrates suitable radiation efficiency, reaching a maximum of 82.6% and a peak gain of 6.3 dBi. It exhibits a bidirectional pattern in the elevation plane and omnidirectional behavior in the azimuth plane. The antenna finds applications across multiple frequencies and shows close agreement between simulated and measured results, validating its effectiveness.

Design, fabrication, and measurement of a miniaturized MIMO antenna applicable for 5G communication

Abstract The design of low-profile Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas for various 5G applications is a topic of huge interest in academia, research, and telecommunication sector. In this aspect, a compact and low-profile 5G MIMO antenna has been designed and analyzed for various 5G applications, specifically for the 24 GHz bands (24.25–24.45 GHz and 25.05–25.25 GHz) and local multipoint distribution system band (27.5–28.35 GHz) of the 5G spectrum. The proposed antenna structure is 20 × 20 × 1 mm3 in dimension. Two spade-shaped radiators composed of Copper (annealed) material are placed orthogonally to improve isolation and maintain signal diversity. Rogers RT 5880 is used as the material for substrate. The antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth of 21.5–28.5 GHz. The mutual isolation |S21| has been maintained ≤29 dB due to the insertion of a T-shaped parasitic strip in between the radiating elements. Novelty in design and superiority in performance has been observed when compared with related antenna categories.

A unique SWB multi-slotted four-port highly isolated MIMO antenna loaded with metasurface for IOT applications-based machine learning verification

This study introduces a MIMO antenna system incorporating an epsilon negative Meta Surface (MS). The system’s architects intended for it to have a large usable frequency range, high gain, narrow inter-component spacing, and superior isolation properties with four elements of MIMO antenna that are strategically organized in an orthogonal arrangement and a compact form factor measuring 41 × 41 × 1.6 mm3, utilizing a low-loss Rogers RT5880 substrate. The architecture of the antenna is characterized by integrating a multi-slotted radiating patch, a partial ground plane, and an epsilon-negative Meta Surface. This integration is done by a 7 × 7 Metamaterial array at the back of the MIMO antenna with a dimension of 41 × 41 × 1.6 mm3, resulting in a collective enhancement of the antenna’s overall performance by affecting the phase, amplitude, electromagnetic field and reducing the backward radiation. The separation between the Meta-surface and the MIMO antenna is established at a distance of 6 mm. The antenna’s exceptional super wideband performance is increased from 2–19 GHz to 1.9–20 GHz after using the MS. Moreover, isolation increases from 20 dB to 25.5 dB, Realized gain from 4.5 dBi to 8 dBi, and radiation efficiency from 77% to 89% across the operational bandwidth. The MIMO antenna exhibits remarkable diversity characteristics, as indicated by an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.004, a diversity gain (DG) surpassing 9.98 dB, a channel capacity loss (CCL) below 0.3, and a total active reflection coefficient (TARC) measuring 12 dB. Furthermore, a circuit analogous to a resistor–inductor–capacitor (RLC) system is constructed, and four regression methods from the field of machine learning are employed to validate the gain and efficiency achieved. Notably, the linear regression model exhibits exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 99%. The MIMO antenna design demonstrates significant potential for many applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), specifically focusing on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications. These highlight its appropriateness for emerging IoT sectors.

Performance Comparison of 28 GHz Rectangular Patch Antenna Based on Three Different Dielectric Constant Substrates for 5G Communications

This article introduces a design and analysis of three inset-fed rectangular patch antennas based on three different dielectric constant substrate materials. These substrate materials include Rogers RT-5880, Preperm 260 LDS, and Polycarbonate. The introduced structures are resonant at a frequency of 28 GHz and employ copper material for a radiating patch on the top of the dielectricsubstrate and a ground plane on the bottom of the substrate. The design dimensions of the three structures have been calculated, while the three materials employed as the substrate in the three antenna structures are different. Furthermore, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software was employed to simulate and compare the performance of the three introduced designs. The performance indexes used to evaluate and compare the performance of the three proposed designs include realized gain, return loss, radiation efficiency, bandwidth, radiation pattern, and voltage standing wave ratio

High isolation 16-port massive MIMO antenna based negative index metamaterial for 5G mm-wave applications

A 16-port massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (mMIMO) antenna system featuring a high gain and efficiency is proposed for millimeter-wave applications. The antenna system consists of 64 elements with a total size of 17 λo × 2.5λo, concerning the lowest frequency. Each 2 × 2 (radiating patch) subarray is designed to operate within the 25.5–29 GHz frequency range. The antenna's performance in terms of isolation, gain, and efficiency has been significantly improved by utilizing the proposed unique double and epsilon negative (DNG/ENG) metamaterials. The array elements are positioned on top of a Rogers RT5880 substrate, with ENG metamaterial unit cells interposed in between to mitigate coupling effects. Additionally, the DNG metamaterial reflector is positioned at the rear of the antenna to boost the gain. As a result, the metamaterial-based mMIMO antenna offers lower measured isolation reaching 25 dB, a maximum gain of 20 dBi and an efficiency of up to 99%. To further analyze the performance of the MIMO antenna, the diversity gain and enveloped correlation coefficient are discussed in relation to the MIMO parameters.

Dual-band 5G MIMO antenna with enhanced coupling reduction using metamaterials

This article introduces a miniaturized dual-band multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with wide bandwidth and high isolation. The design incorporates ground plane modifications and utilizes metamaterials to achieve dual-band operation in the millimeter wave spectrum for 5G applications, specifically operating at the 28/38 GHz frequency bands. The proposed antenna maintains its dual-band functionality despite its compact size of 3.8 times 3.7 times 0.787 text {mm}^3 (without the feed line). The antenna is fabricated on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.787 mm and with relative permittivity varepsilon _r = 2.2. The MIMO system comprises two symmetric radiating elements positioned in close proximity, resulting in mutual coupling levels of - 20 dB and - 12 dB at 25 GHz and 37 GHz, respectively. Modifications are made to the ground length to enhance the isolation at the higher frequency band while embedding metamaterials effectively reduces the coupling at the lower frequency band. The incorporation of metamaterials leads to an enhanced bandwidth from 3.8 to 4.8 GHz in the desired lower band (24–28.8 GHz) and from 3.8 to 4.2 GHz in the higher band (36.6–40.8 GHz). The proposed system can operate across the 28/38 GHz bands using a compact design, thus offering reasonable isolation, an envelope correlation coefficient below 0.0001, and a significant diversity gain (> 9.99 dB). These attributes emphasize the system’s suitability for 5G millimeter-wave cellular communications.

Design and simulation of phased array antenna 5G applications

Modern mobile communication faces challenges due to the limited frequency spectrum, driving the need for antennas that are simple, low-profile, and robust. Microstrip patch antennas and arrays are ideal choices due to their size, cost, and performance advantages. Polarization is crucial, especially in mobile and space communications, where antenna misalignment requires constant reorientation. Rectangular microstrip patch antennas can help mitigate signal loss and multipath effects in such scenarios. Phased array subsystems are becoming essential in next-generation mobile communication for their ability to electronically steer antenna beams without physical movement. Previous methods for rectangular microstrip patch radiation using orthogonal modes with a 90° time-phase difference resulted in poor axial ratio, gain, and return loss. These methods also used complex dual-feed excitation with an external 90° power divider and external phase shifters for beam steering. This paper proposes a simpler approach using a corner trimming technique for radiation and progressive phase excitations at source ports for phased arrays. The design and optimization for 26 GHz operation are achieved using simulation-based modeling software, ANSYS HFSS, on substrates like FR4 epoxy and Rogers RT or Duroid 5880. This paper includes the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip patches and 1x2 and 1x4 linear phased arrays to operate at 26 Ghz.

A low-profile antenna with parasitic elements and a DGS-based partial ground plane for 5G/WMAN applications

A low-profile antenna with three parasitic elements is designed and presented for fifth-generation (5G) and wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) applications. This prototype covers the frequency range of 2.75–4.94 GHz, which is applicable for the lower 5G (3.33–4.2 GHz), WWAN n48 CBRS (US) (3.55–3.7 GHz), WiMAX rel 2 (3.4–3.6 GHz), n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz, most European and Asian countries), n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz, USA), and n79 (4.4–5.0 GHz, China, Hong Kong, Japan, and Russia) bands. The prototype is made of a low-loss, commercially available substrate material known as Rogers RT 5880 (εr = 2.2, tanδ = 0.0009) with a thickness of 0.79 mm. The optimized dimension of the proposed antenna is 35 × 25 × 0.79 mm3 (i.e., 691.25 mm3). The proposed 10-element array antenna is fed by a 50 Ω feeder. The maximum gain and directivity of the prototype antenna are 4.3 dB and 4.75 dBi, respectively. The radiation efficiency of the prototype varies from 86.79 to 92.14% (simulated) and from 86.23 to 91.48% (measured), and it is 89.48% (simulated) and 90.59% (measured) at 3.225 GHz. The impedance profile of the proposed 10-element array is (49.80-j1.72) Ω, which ensures good impedance matching. The VSWR and surface current of the low-profile antenna are 1.036 and 107.931 A/m at the center frequency of 3.225 GHz, respectively. The value of the scattering parameter (S11) is − 36 dB at the resonant frequency. By using a DGS-based partial ground plane and parasitic elements, it enhances bandwidth to 2.19 GHz. Therefore, the tested prototype is an excellent candidate to be deployed for 5G/WMAN applications with respect to the different presented parametric studies.

Design and Performance Analysis of Defected Ground Slotted Patch Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Recently, there have been notable advancements in wireless communication systems to address the deficiencies of fourth generation (4G) wireless technology, such as insufficient spectrum bandwidth, slow data transfer rates, and constrained network capacity. These issues may be addressed in fifth generation (5G) wireless technology, which is no longer stand-alone. This article proposes and designs a defected ground slotted patch antenna (DGSPA) for 5G (Sub-6 GHz band) applications. It can work at 3.5 GHz in the 5G N77 band, Sub-6 GHz 5G, LTE Band 42, and WiMAX. The suggested antenna has an overall dimension of 38×38×1.575 mm3 and is built on the Rogers RT5880 substrate material, whose dielectric permittivity is 2.2. The CST software is used as the simulation tool to analyze the designed antenna’s performance. The novelty of the recommended antenna is in terms of its small size with defective ground structure (DGS), high antenna gain, perfect impedance matching, and improved impedance bandwidth. The role of the DGS is evaluated by comparing the antenna’s performance with and without the DGS. It has been noticed that the DGS-backed antenna had an impedance bandwidth improvement of more than 11MHz, whereas the impedance profile is (50.086−????0.179) Ω, which denotes 50 Ω pure resistivity. It will operate within the frequency range of (3.4828 - 3.522) GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 69.2 MHz. The proposed antenna’s reflection coefficient (|????1,1|) is obtained as -54.028 dB at the resonating frequency of 3.5176 GHz, whereas the radiation gain and efficiency are observed as 6.463 dB and 93.475%, respectively. Thus, due to its promising performance based on radiation pattern, optimum efficiency, and higher bandwidth, the recommended defected ground slotted patch antenna can efficiently be used for the application of Sub-6 GHz 5G services.

Development of double-layer metamaterial with high effective medium ratio values for S- and C-band applications

This study introduces a compact double negative metamaterial (DNM) composed of three split rings connected slab resonator (TSRCSR) based double-layer design with a high 13.9 EMR (effective medium ratio) value. A double-layer patch is introduced to achieve the novel double negative properties, including negative behaviours of effective medium parameters, including refractive index, permittivity, and permeability with a high effective medium ratio for the miniaturised size of the introduced unconventional material that is highly suitable for microwave S and C band covering applications. The popular low-loss Rogers RT5880 (thickness 1.575 mm) substrate and copper resonator materials are utilized to develop the metamaterial unit cell that offers triple resonance between frequencies from 1 to 8 GHz. Therefore, the proposed metamaterial exhibits resonance peaks at 2.75, 5.2, and 6.3 GHz, suitable for radar, communication satellite, and long-distance telecommunication applications, respectively. The commercially available simulator known as Computer Simulation Technology (CST) is adopted to develop and simulate the 8 × 8 mm2 metamaterial design. The simulation results of the introduced TSRCSR design structure were verified by adopting the Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Furthermore, it was then proved with the help of equivalent circuit model findings gained from the Advanced Design Structure (ADS) software. On the other hand, the analytical results were further validated by measuring the TSRCSR design utilizing a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). These analyses become one of the novelties of this work, where the compact TSRCSR metamaterial successfully gained small discrepancies in transmission coefficient values when compared to both analytical and measurement results. The proposed metamaterial is highly suggested for communication devices for its extensive effective characteristics and compactness.

Design of proximity‐coupled antenna array for 5G communication

SummaryMicrostrip patch antennas (MPA) are widely used in wireless communication systems due to their ease of manufacture, low cost, and low profile. This work proposes a proximity‐coupled rectangular microstrip patch antenna array (PRMPA) adaptable for 5G applications. However, the existing research works suffered from low gain, low efficiency, and narrow bandwidth. In addition, 5G communications suffer from path loss in high‐frequency bands. For managing this issue, the large gain antenna is essential. Hence, this research aims to design and fabricate high‐gain compact 2 × 2 slotted PRMPA for 5G applications. The antenna design is simulated on HFSS and operates at 28–37 GHz. Here, the antenna parameters like length, width, and feed line parameters are optimized using a metaheuristic optimization like the mayfly optimizer (MFO). Further, a circular‐shaped metamaterial split‐ring resonator (SRR) reduces the mutual coupling. Then, Rogers RT5880 is used as substrate material, and the design operates at 34.5 GHz. The gain and radiation efficiency achieved by the proposed antenna design are 15.4 dB and 94.4% for the simulated outcomes.

High Gain WAT Antenna for 38 GHz 5G Systems

The article presents a high gain WAT microstrip antenna designed for 5G communication systems operating in the 38 GHz band. The antenna concerned has a compact structure with dimensions of 5.16×5.05 mm. Rogers RT5880 laminate with a dielectric coefficient of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.254 mm was used as its substrate. The antenna works at a center frequency of 38 GHz and is characterized by a low reflection coefficient of -29.11 dB, a high energy gain of 7.61 dB and a wide operating band of 1.21 GHz (3.18%). The paper presents an analysis of the simulation results and measurements of the device's electrical parameters and radiation patterns.

High-Gain Design Microstrip Antenna for Weather Radar on Aircraft at the 9.4 GHz Frequency

The use of radar in aviation primarily centers around aircraft weather radar systems, which provide real-time monitoring of weather conditions surrounding the aircraft. Antennas play a crucial role in enabling detection within these radar systems. This article is dedicated to research efforts focused on developing a microstrip antenna design using array techniques to achieve high gain. The research methodology follows Thiagarajan's 4D approach, encompassing the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. To optimize performance, the research encompasses the creation of various antenna designs, including single patches, 1x2, 4x4, and 8x4 arrays, employing feed and coaxial insert enumeration methods. Additionally, comparisons are drawn between two substrates, specifically FR-4 and Rogers RT- 5880. Parameters under scrutiny encompass gain, VSWR, return loss, bandwidth, and radiation patterns. The design process for microstrip antennas involves intricate dimensional calculations and array method selection, followed by a detailed application-based design. The results consistently demonstrate VSWR values below 2 and return loss values below -10 dB for microstrip antenna designs on both FR-4 and Rogers RT-5880 substrates. The most significant gains were achieved by an 8 x 4 array design employing the insert feed enumeration method on a Rogers RT-5880 substrate, reaching an impressive 17,979 dBi. The widest bandwidth is observed in the design of the 1x2 array using the Rogers RT-5880 substrate, reaching 651.1 MHz. Moreover, it is evident that an increase in the number of patches in the array corresponds to an increase in gain. Notably, Rogers RT-5880 material demonstrates a superior capacity to produce higher gain compared to FR-4 substrates