Roeko Seal Research Articles

Comparison of the apical microleakage of four types of endodontic cements: Endofill, MTA Fillapex, Adseal and Roeko seal

Comparison of the apical microleakage of four types of endodontic cements: Endofill, MTA Fillapex, Adseal and Roeko seal

Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induction by Root Canal Sealers in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts: An in vitro Study.

The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity, the profile of cell death, and the level of oxidative stress in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) after exposure to selected root canal sealers. Freshly mixed or set Endomethasone N (EN), RealSeal (RSEAL), Roeko Seal Automix (RSA), and Sealapex (SP) were incubated with HPdLFs. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-annexin V (AnV) and propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometry was used to identify the effects of the materials on cell viability and the profile of cell death. 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) with fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in HPdLFs. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests, and significance was determined at P<0.05. All materials reduced the viability of the cultured cells compared with the controls (P<0.05). Fresh SP and EN, and set RSA generated an increase of necrotic cells (P<0.05), whilst fresh RSEAL and RSA induced an elevation of apoptotic cells (P<0.001). Set RSEAL caused a rise in both apoptotic and necrotic cells compared with the controls (P<0.05). Fresh EN, RSEAL, and SP resulted in increased intracellular ROS generation compared with the negative control (P<0.001), whilst fresh RSA and all set materials were ineffective. This in vitro study showed us the materials tested were characterized by differentiated cytotoxic effects on HPdLFs. The fresh and set forms of sealers were capable of eliciting toxic action, inducing apoptosis and/or necrosis in HPdLFs. The toxic effects of fresh EN, RSEAL, and SP might have been due to the induction of oxidative stress in human periodontal fibroblasts. The cytotoxicity of RSA seemed to be related to the involvement of other mechanisms.

Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of gutta-percha using different sealers with lateral condensation and thermoplasticized obturation technique: An in vitro study.

Aim:The study aimed to evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength of gutta-percha using AH plus, Endosequence BC, and Roeko seal sealer with lateral condensation and thermoplasticized obturation technique.Materials and Methods:Sixty single-rooted premolars were instrumented and samples were randomly assigned into three groups based on the sealer used (Group A-AH Plus, Group B-Endosequence BC, Group C-Roeko Seal) which were further divided into two subgroups-A1, B1, and C1 were obturated by the lateral condensation technique and A2, B2, and C2 using the thermoplasticized technique. Each sample was sectioned horizontally using a diamond disc, representing apical, middle, and coronal thirds, respectively. Root segments were then mounted on an acrylic block, and push-out bond strength of each sample was tested using the universal testing machine.Statistical Analysis:One-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and unpaired t-test.Results:For mandibular premolar teeth with a single canal using lateral condensation technique, the highest push-out bond strength was found in the A1 group (7.30 ± 0.61 MPa) at the apical level. While using the thermoplasticized technique, the highest push-out bond strength was found in the B2 group (3.71 ± 0.81 MPa) at the apical level. Overall results showed that the lateral condensation technique showed significantly higher push-out bond strength than thermoplasticized technique (P < 0.028).Conclusions:The push-out bond strength of AH Plus sealer was higher than the Endosequence BC sealer and Roeko seal sealer. Lateral condensation technique has shown higher push-out bond strength than the thermoplasticized technique.

An evaluation of genotoxicity of different root canal sealers by MN assay – An in-vitro study

Objective: To evaluate the genotoxicity of Endoflas FS (zinc-oxide eugenol based sealer), RC Seal (epoxyresin based sealer), Diapex (calcium hydroxide based medicated sealer), Roeko Seal (silicone based sealer) and MTA Fillapex (MTA based sealer) root canal sealers using MN assay. Methods: The samples were divided in to two main groups positive control group (EMS media alone) and experimental group (sealers used in the study). i. Positive Control group: EMS media alone was used as control group. ii. Experimental group: This group was divided into five subgroups according to the type of root canal sealers used: Group 1: Endoflas FS (EFS), Group 2 :Diapex (D), Group 3 : MTA Fillapex (MF), Group 4 : RC Seal (RCS), Group 5: RoekoSeal(RS). The extracts from the root canal sealers of each experimental subgroup were serially diluted (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32). They were tested for genotoxicity on L929-Mouse fibroblast cells line using MN assay at 24 hours, 48 hours and 78 hours. Results: The average of micronuclei number/1000 cells, formation in EFS was more in 1:1 concentration at 72hr (22.60±0.54 and was less in the concentration 1:32 at 24hr (3.00±0.70). The average micronuclei number/1000 cells, formation were highest in 1:1 concentration at 72hr (21.80±0.44) and 48hr (19.80±0.44),higher than control group and were lowest in the concentration 1:32 at 24hr (2.20±044). The average micronuclei number/1000 cells formation in Group III (MF) was highest in 1:1 concentration at 72 hr (24.20±0.44).there was gradual decrease in micronuclei number/1000 cells in 1:1; 1:2; 1:4 at 24hr, 48hr, 72hr but in 1:8 at 48 and72hr there was no differences micronuclei number /1000 cells formation. Conclusion: It may be concluded that addition of bactericidal agents such as iodoform and paramonochlorophenol in the formula of root canal sealers can augment their genotoxicity.

Evaluation of resistance of teeth subjected to fracture after endodontic treatment using different root canal sealers: An in vitro study

The aim of this study was to compare the ex-vivo effects of different root canal sealers on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Seventy-five freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were used for the study. The length was standardized to 14 mm and all the teeth were biomechanically prepared and divided into five different groups based on the type of root canal sealers used. Group I:- Roeko seal + gutta percha, Group II: AH plus ® root canal sealer + gutta percha, Group III: PULPDENT root canal sealer + gutta percha, Group IV: Zinc oxide-eugenol sealer + gutta percha, Group V: Control (unobturated teeth). The teeth were embedded in acrylic resin blocks and compressive strengths were measured using universal testing machine (Instron). One-way ANOVA, unpaired t- test. Data obtained were statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA and unpaired t-test. All groups showed a statistically significant result (P < 0.05). Teeth obturated with Group I and Group II showed higher resistance to fracture than teeth obturated with other three Groups. It was seen that the teeth obturated with group III showed a better fracture resistance than Group IV and there was no statistical significance found between Group and Group V. From this study, it has been concluded that both the resin based sealers that were used in this study were equally effective compared to that of the zinc oxide-based sealers and the control group. However, no significant results were obtained when the comparison was made between zinc oxide-eugenol and gutta-percha and the control group.

A four-week solubility assessment of AH-26 and four new root canal sealers

Background:The strong link between sealer solubility and periapical reinfection indicates that water solubility of new sealers should be studied. This study aimed to assess the water solubility of five root canal sealers (AH-26, Topseal, 2-Seal, Acroseal, and Roeko Seal Automix [RSA]).Materials and Methods:In this in vitro experimental study, 30 specimens were fabricated from each of the abovementioned sealants. Then they were weighed and randomly divided into three subgroups of 10 each (A, B, and C). They were set at 37°C and 100% RH, in accordance with ANSI/ADA 57 and ISO 6876-2001 requirements. Afterward, the specimens in subgroups A were incubated at 37°C and 100% RH for 24 hours, while the specimens in the subgroups B and C were incubated in the same conditions for 7 days and 28 days, respectively. After incubation, the specimens were dried with blotting paper and were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and 0% RH. Then they were weighed. The percentage of weight loss was regarded as water solubility.Results:The mean solubility of the sealers AH-26, Acroseal, Topseal, 2-Seal, and RSA were 0.28%, 0.36%, 0.07%, 0.037%, and 0.141% after 24 hours, respectively. After 28 days, their solubility were 1.75%, 0.746%, 0.082%, 0.04%, and 0.517%, respectively. Only the solubility of the sealers 2-Seal and Topseal were not statistically different (P>0.3 [Tukey's]). Again only the solubility of 2-Seal and Topseal did not significantly increase between the 7th day and the 28th day of incubation (P>0.6 [paired-samples t]).Conclusion:All tested materials met the standards (maximum weight loss of 3% within 24 hours). However, the results of 2-Seal followed by Topseal were the most favorable ones.

Histopathological examination of newly-developed adhesive silicone denture relining material

We aimed to evaluate the subcutaneous tissue reaction to a newly developed adhesive silicone denture relining material, SG, (Neo Dental Chemical Products Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan). We embedded the experimental material SG and another existing control material, Roeko Seal (RS), in the dorsal area of 22 male ddY mice. One week and 12 weeks after the embedding, the tissues surrounding the embedded materials were removed and a histopathological examination was performed. The results demonstrate that the basic histopathological aspects are the formation of granulation tissue and the change of the tissue to fibrous capsule over time. The results suggests that the newly-developed SG is safe as compared with the control RS, whose composition is similar.

Evaluation of the radiopacity of different root canal sealers

The aims of this study were to compare the radiopacity of 8 root canal sealers relative to gutta-percha and dentin in standard discs and to evaluate the effect of these sealers on the radiopacity of root canal fillings in simulated canals. Radiographs were taken of 1-mm-thick specimens of 8 root canal sealers (Diaket, Endion, MTA, Endofil, Roeko Seal, Sealite, AH26, AH Plus) and gutta-percha, a 1-mm-thick human tooth slice, and aluminum stepwedge.Simulated canals were used to evaluate the effect of the sealer on radiopacity of the root fillings. After enlargement of the simulated canals with ProTaper instrument, root canals were filled with these 8 sealers alone and with single ProTaper gutta-percha cone. Radiographs of all filled simulated canals were taken with an aluminum stepwedge. All the sealers demonstrated greater radiopacity than dentin (0.7940 mm Al) (P < .001). AH Plus showed the highest radiopacity in the standard disc group (Group 1) (8.9881 mm Al) (P < .001), and in the sealer group in simulated canals (Group 2) (9.2100 mm Al) (P < .001). In the sealer plus gutta-percha group in simulated canals (Group 3), Sealite plus gutta-percha showed greater radiopacity (8.4460 mm Al) (P < .001). Whether the opacity of the sealers alone is more or less than 3 mm Al, their radiopacity is increased when they are used in combination with gutta-percha, because of its higher radiopacity. However, when sealers are used in conjunction with gutta-percha, they can affect the radiopacity of the root canal filling according to their type and thickness.

Periapical repair after root canal filling with different root canal sealers

The aim of this study was to evaluate periapical repair after root canal filling with different endodontic sealers. Sixty-four root canals from dog s teeth were filled, divided into 4 groups (n=16). Root canals were instrumented with K-type files and irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. Root canals were filled in the same session by active lateral condensation of the cones and sealers: Intrafill, AH Plus, Roeko Seal and Resilon/Epiphany System. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the tissues to be evaluated were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For histopathological analysis, the following parameters were evaluated: inflammatory process, mineralized tissue resorption, and apical mineralized tissue deposition. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Intrafill had less favorable results in terms of apical and periapical repair, compared to the other sealers (p<0.05). AH Plus, Roeko Seal, and Epiphany sealers had similar and satisfactory results (p>0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus and the materials Roeko Seal and Epiphany are good options for clinical use in Endodontics.

An Analysis of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ten Root Canal Sealers - A Duration Based in vitro Evaluation

Sealers with prolonged antimicrobial activity are needed by the fact that microorganisms are commonly recovered from teeth with failed endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the duration of antimicrobial activity of ten root canal sealers (Apexit plus, Tubli Seal Xpress, Endoflas FS, Endomethasone, Endomethasone N, AH Plus, Epiphany, EndoRez, Ketac Endo, Roeko Seal) against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans by the agar diffusion test. The zones of inhibition were examined immediately and after 24, 48, 72 hours, 5 and 7 days. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal - Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test. Against Enterococcus faecalis, Endoflas FS showed the largest inhibitory zones immediately and 24 hours after manipulation, whereas, there was no significant difference between Endoflas FS and Endomethasone after 48 hours. Against Candida albicans, Endoflas FS performed better than the other sealers. All the sealers (except AH Plus, Epiphany and Roeko Seal) demonstrated higher antimicrobial action in the first 24 hours after manipulation. The antimicrobial action of all the sealers (except AH Plus and Roeko Seal which showed no antimicrobial activity in any studied time and Epiphany which ceased to show any antimicrobial action after 24 hours) decreased significantly with time.

In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a new resin-based endodontic sealer against endodontic pathogens

The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activities of a new resin-based SuperBond (SB) Sealer and five other sealers/cements against endodontic pathogens. The antimicrobial activities of SB Sealer, Sealapex, AH plus, Roeko Seal Automix, Canals N, and ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) were examined using a double-layered method. The microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis were used. Live microorganisms were stained using triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and the zones of inhibition of microorganism growth were measured. The antimicrobial activity of SB Sealer was significantly lower than that of the other sealers, except for Pro Root MTA, against S. aureus, C. albicans, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis, but no activity against E. faecalis was detected. On the other hand, AH plus exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Pro Root MTA showed no antimicrobial activity against any of the microorganisms tested. SB Sealer offered no antimicrobial advantage over the other sealers tested except for Pro Root MTA.

Toxicity evaluation of root canal sealers in vitro

To compare the toxicity of methacrylate resin-based root canal sealers with sealers based on epoxy resin and silicone by two-well established cell culture methods. Specimens of AH Plus, EndoREZ, RoekoSeal and Epiphany were prepared for direct contact in the Millipore filter diffusion test and as extracts in the MTT assay. Mouse fibroblasts (L929) were used as toxicity targets. Differences in cytotoxicity between fresh and set specimens and between the extracts of root canal sealers were determined by t-test (P < 0.05). In the filter diffusion test, freshly mixed Epiphany and AH Plus were rated severely toxic and RoekoSeal and EndoREZ nontoxic. When set, Epiphany was moderately toxic, whereas AH Plus, RoekoSeal and EndoREZ were nontoxic. Epiphany was significantly more toxic than RoekoSeal and EndoREZ (P < 0.05). In the MTT assay with set specimens, Epiphany was rated severely toxic; AH Plus and RoekoSeal slightly toxic; and EndoREZ nontoxic. Epiphany was significantly more toxic than the other three materials in this test (P < 0.001). The multi-methacrylate resin-based (Epiphany) root canal sealer was significantly more toxic to L-929 cells than the silicone-based Roeko Seal and the single methacrylate-based EndoREZ root canal sealers. AH Plus showed intermediate toxicity.

Effectiveness of a silicon-based root canal sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of a silicon-based root canal sealer, compared to zinc oxide and eugenol and an epoxy resin-based sealers, for filling of simulated lateral canals. Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected, conventional access was made and the working length was established 1 mm from the apical foramen. Three simulated lateral canals, one in each root third (coronal, middle and apical) were prepared in both the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth using a size 15 reamer adapted to a low-speed handpiece. Each root canal was instrumented using ProTaper rotary files up to file F3 at the working length, and then irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl followed by EDTA. The teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=10), according to the root canal sealer: Roeko Seal (Group 1), Sealer 26 (group 2) and Grossman's sealer (Group 3). Gutta-percha cold lateral condensation technique was performed in all groups. Postoperative radiographs were taken and the images were projected for evaluation of the quality of lateral canal filling. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. The results showed that Grossman's sealer filled a larger number of lateral canals than Roeko Seal (p<0.05) and Sealer 26 (p<0.01). It may be concluded that Roeko Seal silicone-based root canal sealer was not as effective as the Grossman's sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals. The lateral canals localized in the apical third of the root were more difficult to be filled.

Radiopacity Evaluation of New Root Canal Filling Materials by Digitalization of Images

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of five root canal filling materials (AH Plus, Intrafill, Roeko Seal, Epiphany, and EndoRez). Following the International Organization of Standardization 6876/2001, five circular specimens (10 × 1 mm) were made from each material. After the material set, radiographs were made using occlusal film and a graduated aluminum step-wedge varying in thickness from 2 to 16 mm. The dental X-ray unit (GE1000) was set at 50 Kvp, 10 mA, 18 pulses/second, and distance of 33.5 cm. The radiographs were digitized, and the radiopacity was compared with the aluminum step-wedge, using WIXWIN-2000 software (Gendex). Data (mm Al) were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. AH Plus and Epiphany were the most radiopaque materials (9.8 and 8.8 mm Al, respectively), followed by EndoRez (7.2 mm Al). Roeko Seal and Intrafill presented the lowest radiopacity values (5.7 and 6.1 mm Al, respectively). Although the materials evaluated demonstrated different radiopacities, all had values above the minimum recommended by the International Organization of Standardization.

Radiographic and rheological properties of a new endodontic sealer

A new dual-cured resin sealer has recently been proposed as an innovative endodontic filling material. Being a new endodontic material, no in vitro research has been published yet on Real Seal's (RS) physical properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare radiopacity and rheological properties of the RS sealer with those of currently available endodontic sealers (Roeko Seal Automix and Bioseal). All tests strictly followed American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) specification No. 57, which indicates test methods and establishes minimal requirements of flow, film thickness and radiopacity of endodontic sealers. Results showed that significant differences were found among sealers in the different test methods. However, RS showed values complying with ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 requirements in all tests. Hence, the new RS sealer exhibited radiographic and rheological properties suitable for clinical use.

Coronal Leakage of Sealer-Only Backfill: An In Vitro Evaluation

We tested the hypothesis that AH Plus and Roeko Seal Automix (RSA) sealers alone are no less effective in preventing coronal microleakage than gutta-percha compacted with sealer. Freshly prepared sheep incisor root canals were obturated with warm gutta-percha alone, AHPlus or RSA alone, or warm gutta-percha with AH Plus or RSA ( n = 20 each group). Coronal leakage was assessed under vacuum conditions with Indian ink and tooth clearing. Sealer-only backfills with AH Plus and RSA yielded significantly more dye-free canals than backfills of gutta-percha alone or with sealer (p < 0.001). Warm gutta-percha with or without sealer kept no more canals sealer free than the positive control. Mean dye penetration was 0.92% of canal length for AH Plus and RSA backfills, 27.42% for gutta-percha only backfills, 26.47% for gutta-percha with RSA and 13.92% for gutta-percha with AH Plus. Sealer only backfills allowed significantly less leakage than those including warm gutta-percha (p < 0.001). Sealer-only backfills may be a viable alternative to traditional gutta-percha and sealer compaction methods.

Evaluation of the radiopacity of root canal sealers by digitization of radiographic images

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of a zinc oxide and eugenol-based (Endofill), a calcium hydroxide-based (Sealapex), two resin-based (Sealer 26 and AH Plus), and a silicone-based root canal sealer (Roeko Seal). Specimens, measuring 10mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness, were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedge using occlusal films, according to ISO 6876/2001 standards. Radiographs were digitized, and the radiopacity of sealers was compared to the different thicknesses of the aluminum step wedge, using the VIXWIN 2000 software. Results demonstrated that AH Plus was the most radiopaque sealer, while Sealapex was the least radiopaque (p<0.05). Roeko Seal, Endofill and Sealer 26 presented intermediate radiopacity values. Sealapex presented less radiopacity than the other types of root canal sealers.

Cytotoxicity and sealing properties of four classes of endodontic sealers evaluated by succinic dehydrogenase activity and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the cytotoxicity and sealing properties of four classes of endodontic sealers (PCS/Kerr, RoekoSeal/Roeko, TopSeal/Dentsply, and EndoREZ/Ultradent). For cytotoxicity testing (MTT method), the materials were either placed immediately in contact with cultured cells or 24 h after setting, then evaluated at three subsequent time points (24 h, 48 h, or 1 wk). For the leakage study, extracted human roots were obturated with acrylic cones and sealers and immersed for 48 h into rhodamine-labeled lipopolysaccharide. The roots were then observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope to estimate (semiquantitatively) the presence of the rhodamine-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inside the canal. The results showed that cytotoxicity generally increased with time, and that most materials pose significant cytotoxic risks, particularly in the freshly mixed condition. Further, all materials showed significant leakage although there was large variation among teeth. Overall, the silicon-based material (Roeko Seal) was less cytotoxic and more effective in sealing root canals against LPS leakage than other materials.

A comparison of the in vitro cytotoxicity of two root canal sealers.

The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) and a silicone-based sealer (Roeko Seal Automix, RSA). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay for mitochondrial enzyme activity and haemocytometer viable cell counting after 24, 48 and 72-h exposure to L929 cells. AH Plus and RSA showed no statistically significant difference in the degree of toxicity. Both sealers had a low toxic influence on the cells during the experimental period. This study indicates that epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus and the silicone-based sealer RSA have similar levels of cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblasts.

A Comparative Study of Apical Leakage of Endomethasone, Top Seal, and Roeko Seal Sealer Cements

A comparison was made of the apical leakage of three sealers. Fifty single-root human teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10; 3 experimental and 2 control). The teeth of the positive-control and experimental groups were instrumented with K-type files to size 45. The experimental groups were obturated by laterally-vertically, condensed gutta-percha with Endomethasone, Top Seal, or RSA sealer cements. The positive-control group was nonobturated and the negative-control group was noninstrumented. The root surfaces were then coated with nail varnish (except the apex in the experimental groups) and immersed in black ink (for 1 week at 37 degrees C). The statistical evaluation of the results obtained by clearing and cross-section techniques showed no significant differences between sealers. Leakage, as determined by the clearing technique, was significantly greater than that quantified by cross-section analysis.