Rock Pools Research Articles

Occurrence of Some Mosquito Species in Tha-Ma-Nya Village, Hpa-an Township, Kayin State in Myanmar

Among the numerous species of blood-sucking insects, mosquitoes stand out as most offensive to man and other warm-blooded animals. Mosquitoes were collected by indoor and outdoor CDC light traps in randomly selected household and larvae were collected in and around 3 Kilo meter radius from the study site. A total of 14 species, five genera under family Culicidae were recorded in Tha-ma-nya village. Recorded species included two species under genus Aedes, three species under genus Culex one species under the genus Armigeres, one species under the genus Toxorhynchities and 7 species under genus Anopheles. Species inentification was done according to different morphological keys. Altogether seven out of 14 recorded mosquito species were medically important vector species. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were primary and secondary vectors of dengue fever. Culex quinquefasciatus is a microfilariasis vector. The important vectors of Japanese encephalitis are Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex gelidus. High density of malaria vector Anopheles dirus was collected in outdoor light trap than An. minimus, although An. minimus was collected high density by indoor CDC light traps. Virus of Japanese encephalitis could transmit from rearing pig and ducks to persons living in the study area. Indoor clear water containers serve as the favorable places for living Aedes spp. Outdoor water storage concrete tanks provided stagnant water to breed Culex and Anopheles species. Water pools, rock pools and rice fields water were found high preferences for breeding of malaria vectors An. dirus and An. minimus larvae and An. dirus larvae was also collected from concrete tanks. Microfilariasis vector Cx. quinquefqsciatus and JE vector Cx. tritaeniorhynchus larvae were collected from polluted water pools and Dengue vector larvae as Aedes larvae were collected from metal drums, bago jars and concrete tanks. Status of the mosquito species composition in the Tha-ma-nya village provided database not only for further researches but also for giving good knowledge and practice in health workers for effective control of vector borne diseases.

STATUS OF PLANKTON AND BENTHOS IN THE AQUACULTURE FIELD OF BANGLADESH

Phytoplankton is a key food item in both aquaculture and mariculture. Phytoplankton is utilized as food for the animals in aquaculture directly. The plankton are collected from a body of water or cultured. Phytoplankton is used as a food stock for the production of rotifers and also used to feed molluscs, pearl oysters and giant clams. Plankton is divided into two groups belonging to phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton has chlorophyll to capture sunlight, and they use photosynthesis to turn it into chemical energy. Zooplankton is a small floating or weakly swimming organism. Zooplankton moves vertically in the water column each day, feeding on the phytoplankton, small floating plants such as algae. Zooplankton serves as an intermediary species in the food chain, transferring energy from planktonic algae to the larger invertebrate predators and fish. Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, river, lake or stream bottom, also known as the benthic zone. This community lives in or near marine or freshwater sedimentary environment, from tidal pools along the foreshore, out to the continental, and then down to the abyssal depths.

Metabolic and behavioural effects of hermit crab shell removal techniques: Is heating less invasive than cracking?

Hermit crabs (Paguroidea; Latreille 1802) offer great opportunities to study animal behaviour and physiology. However, the animals' size and sex cannot be determined when they are inside their shell; information crucial to many experimental designs. Here, we tested the effects of the two most common procedures used to make crabs leave their shells: heating the shell apex and cracking the shell with a bench press. We compared the effects of each of the two procedures on the metabolic rate, hiding time, and duration of the recovery time relative to unmanipulated hermit crabs. The hermit crabs forced to abandon their shell through heating increased their respiratory rate shortly after the manipulation (1 h) and recovered their metabolic rate in less than 24 h, as occurs in individuals suddenly exposed to high temperatures in the upper-intertidal zone. Hermit crabs removed from their shells via cracking spent more time hiding in their new shells; this effect was evident immediately after the manipulation and lasted more than 24 h, similar to responses exhibited after a life-threatening predator attack. Both methods are expected to be stressful, harmful, or fear-inducing; however, the temperature required to force the crabs to abandon the shell is below the critical thermal maxima of most inhabitants of tropical tide pools. The wide thermal windows of intertidal crustaceans and the shorter duration of consequences of shell heating compared to cracking suggest heating to be a less harmful procedure for removing tropical hermit crabs from their shells.

Baldinia droopii sp. nov. (Suessiales, Dinophyceae), a new species from a small rainwater rock pool near Tvärminne, south-western Finland

ABSTRACT A dinoflagellate isolated from a small rainwater rockpool in Finland was found to be a new species of Baldinia, here described as B. droopii sp. nov. This is only the third formally described Baldinia species and the second described by modern methods. The new species had a complement of generic characters that clearly affiliated it to Baldinia: presence of an internal honeycomb structure, termed a lamellar body, a ventral fibre associated with the longitudinal basal body and a pentagonal resting cyst; and the absence of an apical structure, thecal plates and trichocysts. The most distinctive species-specific characters were the presence of a resting cyst with tubiform processes, a paratabulation matching the pattern of the motile cell, and a life cycle exhibiting a diel rhythm, alternating between motile and non-motile coccoid cells. Motile cells occurred during the light period, peaking after 3–4 h of light period, while practically no motile cells occurred during the dark period. LSU rDNA sequences confirmed B. droopii as a new species, showing c. 14% sequence difference compared to B. anauniensis. Asexual reproduction occurred primarily by binary fission or via a so-called division cyst. Sexual reproduction occurred in the culture indicating that D. droopii is homothallic. The zygote may form a resistant cyst with tubiform processes, but there were indications that this stage may be by-passed. Different stages of the asexual and putative sexual reproduction were observed and documented by video recordings.

Minute moss beetles in the Southern Hemisphere: Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and habitat shifts (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

AbstractMinute moss beetles (Hydraenidae) are one of the most speciose and widespread families of aquatic Coleoptera, with an estimated 4000 extant species, found in the majority of aquatic habitats from coastal rock pools to mountain streams and from the Arctic Circle to the Antarctic islands. Molecular phylogenetic works have improved our understanding of the evolutionary history of the megadiverse Hydraena, Limnebius and Ochthebius in recent years, but most genera in the family have not yet been included in any phylogenetic analyses, particularly most of those which are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. Using a multimarker molecular matrix, sampling over 40% of described species richness and 75% of currently recognized genera, we infer a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of these predominantly Gondwanan Hydraenidae. Whilst the genera we focus on are morphologically diverse, and currently classified across all four hydraenid subfamilies, our phylogenetic analyses suggest that these Gondwanan genera may instead constitute a single clade. As a result of our findings, the African genus Oomtelecopon Perkins syn.n. is shown to nest within Coelometopon Janssens, the New Zealand Homalaena Ordish syn.n. and Podaena Ordish syn.n. are synonymised with Orchymontia Broun, and the South African Pterosthetops Perkins syn.n. is synonymised with Prosthetops Waterhouse, resulting in Pterosthetopini Perkins syn.n. being synonymised with Prosthetopini Perkins. Mesoceratops Bilton & Jäch gen.n. is erected to accommodate six former members of Mesoceration Janssens, which is shown to be polyphyletic. We propose the replacement name Orchymontia ordishi Jäch & Bilton nom.n. for Homalaena dilatata Ordish, 1984 (now a junior homonym); altogether 39 new combinations are proposed. Our Bayesian divergence times infer an origin for this ‘Gondwana group’ of genera in Africa plus Madagascar in the mid‐Cretaceous and suggest that both vicariant and dispersal processes, together with extinctions, have shaped the biogeographic history of these beetles in the Southern Hemisphere during the Cretaceous, resulting in geographically conserved extant lineages. Finally, we reconstruct ancestral habitat shifts across our phylogeny, revealing numerous changes in habitat occupancy in these genera, including multiple origins of fully terrestrial, humicolous taxa in different regions.

Contamination status and associated ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in different wetland sediments from an urbanized estuarine ecosystem

Sediment samples of different wetland types (saltmarsh, mangrove, tidal pool, mudflat and sandflat) from an urbanized estuary were analyzed to evaluate the contamination level and ecological risks of five heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cr). The findings showed that the mean concentration (mg/kg) of heavy metals followed the order of Fe>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cr, while Pb and Fe concentrations exceeded the recommended guidelines. Heavy metals levels were highest in saltmarsh and mudflats. Contamination assessment indices e.g., contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (CD), enrichment factor (EF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) revealed that the studied wetlands had low to moderate levels of pollution, meaning these sites receive medium levels of anthropogenic contamination compared with background values. For some of the studied metals, such as Pb, Zn, Fe, and Ni, the EF value was >1 in certain types of wetland, indicating anthropogenic sources, while Cr was <1 indicating natural sources. The pollution load index (PLI) value was determined to be <1, indicating perfection of soil, and was in the following order: mudflat> saltmarsh> tidal pool> mangrove > sandflat. The ecological risk (RI) value was the highest for saltmarsh and the lowest for sandflats. However, the RI value for Cr, Zn, Ni, and Pb was <30 suggesting that these metals pose a low risk in the local ecosystem. Cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson's correlation specified that anthropogenic sources of metals.

Climate Change Amelioration by Marine Producers: Does Dominance Predict Impact?

AbstractClimate change threatens biodiversity worldwide, and assessing how those changes will impact communities will be critical for conservation. Dominant primary producers can alter local-scale environmental conditions, reducing temperature via shading and mitigating ocean acidification via photosynthesis, which could buffer communities from the impacts of climate change. We conducted two experiments on the coast of southeastern Alaska to assess the effects of a common seaweed species, Neorhodomela oregona, on temperature and pH in field tide pools and tide pool mesocosms. We found that N. oregona was numerically dominant in this system, covering >60% of habitable space in the pools and accounting for >40% of live cover. However, while N. oregona had a density-dependent effect on pH in isolated mesocosms, we did not find a consistent effect of N. oregona on either pH or water temperature in tide pools in the field. These results suggest that the amelioration of climate change impacts in immersed marine ecosystems by primary producers is not universal and likely depends on species' functional attributes, including photosynthetic rate and physical structure, in addition to abundance or dominance.

Hermit crabs use vision, olfaction, and eavesdropping to detect potentially available gastropod shells on a natural rocky shore

Intertidal marine crustaceans use multimodal cues to find resources, relying most heavily on chemical cues. However, water movement on intertidal shores acts as a sensory stressor, diluting and modifying the direction of waterborne chemicals, which may increase the relative importance of visual cues. We compared the influence of visual cues, chemical cues, and their combination in attracting free-living hermit crabs (Calcinus californiensis) to potentially available shells in shallow natural wave-protected tide pools. We used the tissue of dead gastropods as a chemical cue and clean, varnished shells as a visual cue from the gastropod species whose shell is most preferred by C. californiensis. The visual, chemical, or combined (bimodal) cue was placed in the center of a circular arena. We counted the crabs that entered the arena and classified their behavior into one of three mutually exclusive categories: touching the stimulus, remaining in the arena without reaching the stimulus, or leaving the arena without touching the stimulus. We ranked the quality of each hermit crab's current shell and recorded the time they took to reach the stimulus. Since more than one hermit crab participated in each trial in the field, we explored potential eavesdropping by comparing the time required to reach the stimulus among the first three hermit crabs. Cue type did not affect the number of crabs that entered the arena. However, most hermit crabs that entered the arena reached the chemical and bimodal shell cues; in contrast, with the visual cue alone most crabs remained in the arena without touching the stimulus, and those that touched it took longer to do so. Hermit crabs were more likely to touch the stimuli when a bimodal cue was presented in the arena and when they were in a broken shell (a low-quality refuge). Interestingly, there was only an apparent eavesdropping effect in the unimodal visual cue; subsequent crabs touched the visual stimulus more quickly once a pioneer crab had already touched it. Previous demonstrations that C. californiensis can visually discriminate shells suggest that the reduced number of crabs that touched the visual stimulus and their longer latency to do so was not due to low visual acuity or inability to interpret the image. Rather, it is likely due to the incongruous set of cues (visible shell without odor), which may reduce the perceived value or certainty about the shell, therefore the benefit/risk relationship in the natural environment. Our results highlight the importance of matching chemical sensing with vision as a trigger for decision-making in dynamic and unpredictable environments.

Feasibility of Surfgrass Phyllospadix iwatensis Transplantation Along the Rocky Coasts of Shandong Peninsula, China.

Surfgrass Phyllospadix iwatensis is a dominant seagrass species along the east coast of Shandong Peninsula, China. Like other seagrasses in the world, surfgrass has been declining in the past decades. To assess the possibility of transplanting P. iwatensis in the coastal area, a new surfgrass transplant system was designed and applied to conduct a surfgrass transplantation experiment in a tide pool and a subtidal area, and its survival, morphological and physiological parameters were examined from May 2019 to June 2020. The results showed that after a year since transplantation, more than 65% of the transplants survived and the survival rate was higher in the subtidal site than in the tide pool. The morphological measurements including shoot height, leaf width, number of leaves per shoot, rhizome diameter and elongation rate, and number of roots per shoot were all higher in the subtidal area than in the tide pool, showing that the P. iwatensis transplants grew better in the subtidal area than in the tide pool in the study area. These results indicated that surfgrass can be transplanted in the two areas, and it is probably more suitable in subtidal area than in tide pool in the study area.

The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

During a survey of diatoms present in tidal pools on the coasts of Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands), we found several populations, belonging presumably to the Antarctic endemic Craspedostauros laevissimus. Further analyses using light microscopy revealed that the populations show differences in stria density. Following scanning electron microscopy observations, only part of the investigated populations could be assigned to C. laevissimus, whereas the others are sufficiently morphologically different based on stria density and their cribrate areolae structure to be described as a new species: Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. The new taxon is compared with known, morphologically similar, Craspedostauros taxa. The paper presents morphological and ecological data for both taxa discussed in the study. A detailed survey of the early Antarctic literature showed that the Craspedostauros taxa in Antarctica have convoluted taxonomic histories and that the new taxon has likely been hidden for long within the variability of C. laevissimus.

Susceptibility of Tidal Pool Fish Assemblages to Climate Change

There is a need for improved understanding of how climate-change driven rises in sea level and increased ocean temperatures will affect fish assemblages in rocky shore tidal pools. Rising sea levels are predicted to alter habitat availability and increasing ocean temperatures will drive tropicalisation, both of which are likely to alter tidal pool fish assemblages. Consequently, we examined changes in fish assemblages in tidal pools at four sites in Coffs Harbour, Australia, using baited video sampling. Data were collected seasonally at each site, in pools at differing tidal elevations. We identified significant differences in tidal pool fish assemblages among elevations and found that assemblages exhibited cyclic seasonal patterns. Modelling identified that ocean temperature was the most powerful factor for explaining variations in assemblages, followed by pool area and pool elevation. Results highlight that distinct fish assemblages occur in tidal pools at different elevations and indicate that assemblages at higher elevations could be squeezed out by rising sea levels and by increased competition from tropical fish species. Future conservation assessments are needed to determine whether latitudinal and vertical range shifts for tidal pool fishes are possible, with facilitation of these range shifts needed to address displacement of tidal pool fishes by rising sea levels and ocean temperatures.

Environmental determinants of aquatic vegetation in rock pools of northern Western Ghats, India

Environmental determinants of aquatic vegetation in rock pools of northern Western Ghats, India

Diversity and Life-Cycle Analysis of Pacific Ocean Zooplankton by Videomicroscopy and DNA Barcoding: Gastropods

The life cycles and biodiversity of Pacific coast gastropods were analyzed by videomicroscopy and DNA barcoding of individuals collected from tide pools and in plankton nets from a variety of shore stations. In many species (Families Calyptraeidae, Cerithiopsidae, Strombidae, Vermetidae, Columbellidae, Nassariidae, Olivellidae, Hermaeidae, Onchidorididae, Gastropteridae, Haminoeidae), the free-swimming veligers were recovered from plankton collections; in Roperia poulsoni (family Muricidae) veligers were usually recovered from egg sacs where they had been retained although some escapees were found in plankton collections; in Pteropurpura festiva (family Muricidae) free-living veligers were also found; and in Atlanta californiensis (family Atlantidae) both veligers and adults were obtained from plankton collections making this a holoplanktonic species. The results confirm that DNA barcoding based on COI gene sequencing is a useful strategy to match life-cycle stages within species as well as to identify species and to document the level of biodiversity within the gastropods.

Rhodolith beds and their onshore transport in Fuerteventura Island (Canary Archipelago, Spain)

Rhodoliths occur extensively around the shores of Fuerteventura Island in the Canary Archipelago, with Lithothamnion cf. corallioides being the most prominent species. A large number of rhodoliths end up washed onshore, the debris from which contributes to the formation of sediments constituting modern beaches. In a previous study by one of the co-authors (MEJ), the northern coast of Fuerteventura was shown to comprise various types of rhodolith deposits such as beach, platform overwash, tidal pools, coastal dunes, and others. An extraordinary example of stranded rhodoliths is located near Caleta del Bajo de Mejillones, approximately 3 km west of Corralejo, on the north coast of the island. The deposit forms a supratidal beach 120 m long and 10 m wide that sits above the landward termination of an extensive wave-cut platform eroded in basalt and exposed at low tide to a width of 130 m perpendicular to shore. Here, rhodoliths are very small (&amp;lt;3 cm) resembling popcorn, and the locality is known as the “Popcorn Beach”. Other examples are berms up to 150 m long and 9 m wide at Caleta del Bajo de Mejillones, or an exposed beach at Playa del Hierro with an area of more than 1500 m2 covered entirely of very coarse rhodolith sand. Extensive living rhodolith beds were found at a water depth of 22 m.

Relationship between Water Color in Tidal Pools and Groundwater Flow on Foreshore, Kujukuri Beach, Chiba, Central Japan

Relationship between Water Color in Tidal Pools and Groundwater Flow on Foreshore, Kujukuri Beach, Chiba, Central Japan

Patterns of fish distribution in tropical rock pools at Príncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea

Little is known about the ichthyofauna from intertidal rock pools of the west coast of Africa, especially in the Gulf of Guinea. Rock pools are characteristic habitats of the intertidal zone of structurally complex rocky shores, adding important niche space to coastal fish species. In this study, rock pools of three similar rocky shores of Príncipe Island were sampled to describe the composition, abundance and distribution of fish assemblages and their relation to parameters of pool structure (volume, depth), water mass (temperature, salinity and pH) and biology (algal and coral cover, and biological species richness). A total of 18 fish species and one leptocephalus larva of unknown species, representing 13 families, were observed during sampling. In decreasing order, the five-most-abundant species were the goby Bathygobius burtoni, night sergeant Abudefduf taurus, West African rockhopper Entomacrodus cadenati, sailfin blenny Microlipophrys velifer and Biafra doctorfish Prionurus biafraensis, which together represented 81% of the total number of fish recorded during this study. The four-most-abundant species also proved to be the better adapted to the range of conditions found in rock pools. Overall, larger rock pools with minimal biological cover and higher salinity were found to support higher fish abundance and species richness. Most species individually preferred rock pools with larger volumes, but some presented a degree of habitat specificity, such as the absence or presence of biological cover. Species that were more-active swimmers preferred deeper pools.

The Diversity of Fish in Seagrass Beds and Bare Sand channel In Tablolong Waters, Kupang Regency

Seagrass ecosystems in Tablolong waters have important values related to the availability of fish resources. However, this seagrass meadow experiences a lot of fragmentation in the form of empty sand areas without vegetation (bare sand), both in the form of channels and tidal pools which provide many small living spaces (microhabitats) that are interesting for aquatic ecology studies. The aim of this research was to analyze the diversity and dominance of fish species in the seagrass beds and bare sand channels, as well as to determine the dominant species of seagrasses in the seagrass beds. The study was conducted through direct observation by catching fish specimens using gillnets (# 1.5 inches and #1.25 inches, @ length 20 m x height 1.5 m) and scoop nets three (3) times sampling with time intervals. 7-10 days in the time period of October-November 2021. The results showed that the seagrass beds in the Tablolong Waters are classified as heterospecific from at least 6 (six) seagrass species with an average density of all species reaching 219.2 stands/m2 and an average cover of 40.0% (medium level of cover) where Thalassia hemprichii was the dominant seagrass species in terms of density value (more than 50%of total species) and cover value almost 40% of total species. The fish collection obtained as a whole consisted of 22 fish species from 17 families with 86 individuals where the fish community in the seagrass beds (9 species, 8 families, 17 individuals) was recorded to be lower than the fish community in the empty sand tunnel (13 species, 11 families, 49 individuals), each with a ratio of 41%:59% in species, a ratio of 47%:65% in families and a ratio of 43%:57% in the number of individuals. The status of the fish species that dominates was the occasional visitor fish of 90% (20 species) compared to seasonal visitor fish and whole life resident fish of 5% (1 species). The index value of fish species diversity in seagrass beds was moderate (H’ 2) which was lower than the fish community in empty sand tunnels which was high (H’ 4) and the total number of fish species on Tablolong beach was high (H’ &gt; 4). The fish species dominance index value showed that in both fish in seagrass beds (D 0.28), in empty sandtunnels (D 0.11), and the whole area (D 0.25) in Tablolong waters there were no dominant fish species. So that the structure of the fish community tends to be stable or the diversity of fish species tends to be high.

Local-scale thermal history influences metabolic response of marine invertebrates to warming

As climate change continues, anticipating species’ responses to rising temperatures requires an understanding of the drivers of thermal sensitivity, which itself may vary over space and time. We measured metabolic rates of three representative marine invertebrate species (hermit crabs Pagurus hirsutiusculus, periwinkle snails Littorina sitkana, and mussels Mytilus trossulus) and evaluated the relationship between thermal sensitivity (Q10) and thermal history. We tested the hypothesis that thermal history drives thermal sensitivity and quantified how this relationship differs over time (short-term to seasonal time scales) and between species. Organisms were collected from tide pools in Sitka, Alaska where we also recorded temperatures to characterize thermal history prior to metabolic rate assays. Using respirometry, we estimated mass-specific oxygen consumption (MO2) at ambient and increased temperatures for one individual per species per tide pool across three seasons. We evaluated relationships between thermal sensitivity and pool temperatures for time periods ranging from 1 day to 1 month prior to collection. For all species, thermal sensitivity was related to thermal history for the shorter time periods (1 day to 1 week). However, the direction of the relationships and most important thermal parameters (i.e., maximum, mean, or range) differed between species and seasons. We found that on average, P. hirsutiusculus and L. sitkana were more thermally sensitive than M. trossulus. These findings show that variability in thermal history over small spatial scales influences individuals’ metabolic response to warming and may be indicative of these species’ ability to acclimate to future climate change.

Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Diversity and Community Structure in Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand.

Simple SummaryMosquitoes are small flies, some of which are known as principal vectors of the pathogens that cause dengue, malaria, filariasis, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and Zika in many countries of the world. However, the majority of the species are important components of ecosystems. We evaluated the diversity and community structure of mosquitoes in Doi Inthanon National Park, named for the highest mountain in Thailand. The park mainly consists of natural forest, but it hosts a number of human activities. A total of 140 mosquito species were identified among 3,795 specimens. The most dominant genera were Culex (34.3%), Aedes (19.3%), Anopheles (13.6%), Uranotaenia (10.7%), and Armigeres (5.8%). The five most abundant species were Ae. albopictus, Ae. vittatus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. mimulus, and Tripteroides aranoides. Species richness was higher in the rainy season than in the cold and hot seasons. Natural phytotelm habitats for immature stages had a higher diversity than artificial container habitats. A greater number of species were found in forest areas than in agricultural areas and villages. Ground pools, stream pools, rock pools, bamboo stumps, bamboo internodes, and rice fields were the most preferred natural habitats. Ground pools, rock pools, and stream margins, which had a high diversity index, were the most important habitats for mosquitoes in the park.Urbanization and human activities create new suitable aquatic habitats for the immature stages of mosquitoes in many countries. This also applies to Doi Inthanon National Park in northern Thailand, which is named for the highest mountain in the country. Despite its popularity, there is no information regarding mosquito diversity and community structure in the different ecosystems of the park. Monthly collections of immature stages from various habitats were conducted from August 2004 to December 2005 using dipping and sucking methods. The specimens collected from each habitat were reared to adults and identified based on their morphology. Diversity parameters and community structure were statistically analyzed. A total of 140 species (3795 specimens) belonging to 15 genera were identified. Among these, four genera (Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, and Uranotaenia) had high species richness, each represented by 48, 27, 19, and 15 species, respectively. Aedes albopictus was the most relatively abundant species, representing 6.7% of the total number of captured specimens, followed by Tripteroides aranoides (5.6%) and Cx. mimulus (5%). Species richness in natural habitats was significantly higher than in artificial containers. Species richness and abundance were highest in the rainy season. In comparison to agricultural areas and villages, mosquito diversity was found to be higher in forest areas. Ground pools, stream pools, rock pools, bamboo stumps, bamboo internode, and rice fields were the most preferred natural habitats. The results indicate that Doi Inthanon National Park has a high mosquito diversity. Each species exhibits differences in abundance and distribution in different habitats, which is useful information for planning conservation measures and vector control in the park.

Phylosophical Essay on the Traditional Knowledge and Use of Rock Pools in the Brazilian Drylands: Memory and Identity in Temporary Ecosystems

A B S T R A C TIn northeastern Brazil, the drought history has been well documented, reflecting a resilient population with a robust regional identity. Last year, in response to the need to perpetuate water access and reduce scarcity, the Brazilian government implemented a program called the Program One Million Cisterns (P1MC). Considering that the need for water resource perpetuation can impact traditional knowledge transmission between generations, this study aimed to analyze the knowledge regarding rock pools in a small village located in a semiarid region in Brazil. The interviews addressed questions about the traditional knowledge, use, and management of rock pools. The abiotic and biological water variables were collected to establish the population's knowledge status. Our results identified that the use and management of rock pools were reduced after implementing P1MC. Despite the historical relevance of these ecosystems, their use was abandoned by most of the inhabitants, except for domestic use. Therefore, the transmission of traditional knowledge regarding rock pools have decreased between generations, compromising hydric security and representing a serious socio-economic risk for a region characterized by extreme droughts.Keywords: Cyanobacteria Blooms, Drylands zones, Ethno-limnology, Rock pools, Water security Ensaio Filosófico sobre o Conhecimento Tradicional e o Uso de Tanques de Pedra no Semiárido Brasileiro: Memória e Identidade em Ecossistemas TemporáriosRESUMONo nordeste do Brasil, a história da seca foi bem documentada, refletindo uma população resiliente com uma identidade regional robusta. Nos últimos anos, em resposta à necessidade de perpetuar o acesso à água e reduzir a escassez, o governo brasileiro implementou um programa denominado Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas (P1MC). Considerando que a necessidade de perpetuação dos recursos hídricos pode impactar na transmissão do conhecimento tradicional entre gerações, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento sobre os tanques de pedra em uma pequena aldeia localizada em uma região semiárida do Brasil. As entrevistas abordaram questões sobre o conhecimento tradicional, uso e gestão dos tanques de pedra. As variáveis abióticas e biológicas da água foram coletadas para estabelecer o estado de conhecimento da população. Nossos resultados identificaram que o uso e gerenciamento de piscinas naturais foram reduzidos após a implementação do P1MC. Apesar da relevância histórica desses ecossistemas, seu uso foi abandonado pela maioria dos habitantes, exceto para uso doméstico. Portanto, a transmissão do conhecimento tradicional sobre os tanques tem diminuído entre as gerações, comprometendo a segurança hídrica e representando um sério risco socioeconômico para uma região caracterizada por secas extremas.Palavras-chave: Florações de cianobactérias, Semiárido, Etnolimnologia, Tanques de pedra, Segurança hídrica