Robust Digital Image Watermarking Research Articles

A robust digital image watermarking based on adaptive multifunctional scheme

Reversible watermarking is mostly fragile, it can restore the original image losslessly if there is no attack during transmission. However, in real life, it is impossible not to be attacked completely. Reversible watermarking loses reversibility and becomes meaningless if it is attacked maliciously. In order to overcome this drawback and broaden its application field, an adaptive multifunctional watermarking scheme is proposed which is a special reversible watermarking scheme, which can not only restore the original image losslessly when it meets no attacks, but also can approximately recover the original image when it encounters malicious attacks. In the paper, the original image is divided into non-overlapping 8×8 blocks. And then, each block is transformed by IDCT (Integer Discrete Cosine Transform). The recovery watermark is generated by the method of 2DPCA (2 Dimension Principal Component Analysis) and the authentication watermark is produced by the special algorithm. According to the proposed block mapping method, the watermarks are embedded into its far mapping block adaptively. Moreover, MC (mapping and compensation) method is proposed to avoid overflow and underflow problems. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve reversibility and recoverability while keeping the lower distortion and higher embedding capacity.

An extensive research on robust digital image watermarking techniques: a review

The improvements in internet technologies and growing demands on online multimedia businesses have made digital copyrighting as a major challenge for businesses that are associated with online content distribution via diverse business models including pay–per–view, subscription, trading, etc. Copyright protection and evidence for rightful ownership are the major issues associated with the distribution of any digital images. Digital watermarking is a probable solution for digital content owners that offer security to the digital content. In recent years, digital watermarking plays a vital role in providing the apposite solution and numerous researches have been carried out. In this paper, an extensive review of the prevailing literature related to the image watermarking is presented together with classification by utilising an assortment of techniques. In addition, a terse introduction about the digital watermarking is presented to get acquainted with the vital information on the subject of digital watermarking.

Enhanced Fast Robustness Digital Image Watermarking Scheme with Secure Chaotic Encryption Scheme Via Selecting Optimal Feature Points

In recent years, with the rapid development of internet, digital data has been widely used in various science and engineering applications. But, this development has also led to several threats and attacks from the intruders. Most of the organizations are very much concerned about the Illegal copyright activities which have become a series issue. A number of copyright protection schemes have been developed in the literature. Watermarking is one of the best known methods for copyright protection. Earlier Bit Error Rate (BER) is been observed to provide good results for choosing the optimal feature region from the watermarked image. However it fails to produce more accurate image quality measures. This research work mainly focuses on a novel technique implemented based on the simulated attacking approach and the GA-based Multi Dimensional Knapsack Problem (MDKP) solving technique to select the most sufficient feature regions for robust digital image watermarking without affecting the image quality. A major limitation in existing methods is the security problems which lead to decrease in the integrity of digital watermarking scheme. With that problem, the definite optimization problems (variant problems) cannot be resolved using genetic algorithms. To focus on the above mentioned problems, the proposed work uses two approaches. Chaotic Iterative Process encryption scheme is used to solve the security problems for watermarking image. Next, the optimal feature points can be chosen from the watermarked image by Modified version of Peak Signal Noise Ratio (MPSNR). MPSNR is based on the enhanced quality measurement of which point opposes the predefined and undefined attacks. With those two approaches the PSO algorithm is employed as a search strategy for identifying an optimal feature subset. The experimental results illustrates that comparing with various well-known feature-based techniques, the proposed method shows better performance in robust and more secure digital watermarking.

Highly Robust Digital Image Watermarking Using Steerable Pyramid and Dual Encryption Technique

A highly robust digital Image watermarking using steerable pyramid transform and dual encryption technique is proposed and simulated. In this paper, steerable pyramid transform is chosen as a suitably transform domain due to its impressive properties for image processing applications. These properties are rotation invariance and translation invariance which are very desirable in applications that involve representation of position or orientation of image structure like digital watermarking. The embedding process performs steerable pyramid transform on the host image using three scales and one orientation. A pretreatment is used to encrypt the binary watermark of size 32x32 using a dual encryption function. After the pretreatment process the encrypted watermark is embedded into low-subband steerable pyramid. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed scheme is highly robust against several attacks such as Salt \& pepper, Speckle noise, Gaussian noise, Average filter, Median filter, Weiner filter, Sharpening, JPEG compression, Resizing, Rotation, and Cropping

A Digital Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on DWT DCT and SVD

 Abstract—Digital watermarking techniques have been developed to protect the copyright of multimedia objects such as text, audio, video, etc. In this paper, we propose a new digital watermarking algorithm with gray image based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), 2 dimensions discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) for robust watermarking of digital images in order to protect digital media copyright efficiently. One of the major advantages of the proposed scheme is the robustness of the technique on wide set of attacks. Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme provides good image quality of watermarked images. Index Terms—Digital image watermarking, DWT, DCT PSNR, SVD.

Robust Digital Image Watermarking based on spread spectrum and convolutional coding

Digital watermarking is a promising technology to embed information as unperceivable signals in digital contents. A copyright protection method for digital image with convolutional coding is proposed in this paper. In this method, the watermark logo is coded with convolutional encoder and fused with noise bits to improve the robustness to malicious attacks including JPEG, noise and geometric attacks such as, cropping and rotation. During extraction, the watermark bits are decoded by Viterbi algotithm decoder, and the extraction procedure needs neither the original image nor the watermark logo. Simulation results show that the proposed method based on the convolutional coding can effectively resist the common malicious attacks, the embedding and extraction performances are quite improve compared to the method based on the direct coding.

A Robust DWT Digital Image Watermarking Technique Basis On Scaling Factor

At the present time, the aptitude in contemplation of accessing as well as sharing images has become progressively facile with the Internet allowing people to procure information remotely from anywhere in the entire world. Moreover, there has been also an expansion with regard to the number of the still digital images over the internet for the sake of the fact that a vast number of millions of people are capturing digital photos. Fundamentally, the procedure of digital watermarking can be delineated as a method for embedding information into another signal (a digital signal). In cas e of digital images, the embedded information can be either visible or hidden from the user. In this project, we will concentrate on imperceptible watermarks. The principal intention of digital watermarks is to provide copyright protection for intellectual property that is in digital format. Typical usage scenarios for watermarking are such as copyright protection and data authentication.In this paper, we describe an imperceptible and a robust DWT digital Image Watermarking algorithm.The algorit hm watermarks a given digital image using a Discrete Wavelet Transform.

The Robust Digital Image Watermarking Scheme with Back Propagation Neural Network in DWT Domain

This paper presents a blind robust digital image watermarking approach based on back propagation neural network in DWT domain. The cover image is decomposed up to 4-levels using DWT. The bitmap of size 64x64 is selected as a watermark. The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is implemented while embedding and extracting the watermark. In BPNN the errors will be back propagated to the input layer, so that the weights and learning rate parameters may be changed to get the output. The BPNN is trained in such a way that it converges fast and reaches high accuracy. The proposed watermarking algorithm is imperceptible and robust to some normal attacks such as JPEG compression, salt and pepper noise, rotation, median filtering and cropping.

An Artificial Intelligent Technique for Robust Digital Watermarking in Multiwavelet Domain

In this paper, an artificial intelligent technique for robust digital image watermarking in multiwavelet domain is proposed. The embedding technique is based on the quantization index modulation technique and the watermark extraction process does not require the original image. We have developed an optimization technique using the genetic algorithms to search for optimal quantization steps to improve the quality of watermarked image and robustness of the watermark. In addition, we construct a prediction model based on image moments and back propagation neural network to correct an attacked image geometrically before the watermark extraction process begins. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm yields watermarked image with good imperceptibility and very robust watermark against various image processing attacks. Keywords—Watermarking, Multiwavelet, Quantization index modulation, Genetic algorithms, Neural networks.

Hybrid particle swarm optimization for robust digital image watermarking

This paper presents an image watermarking algorithm for the optimization between robustness and transparency which is recently considered as one of the most challenging issues. The novelty is to associate the Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO), instead of a single optimization, as a model with singular value decomposition (SVD). To embed and extract the watermark, the singular values of the blocked host image are modified according to the watermark and scaling factors. A series of training patterns are constructed by employing between two images. Moreover, the work takes accomplishing maximum robustness and transparency into consideration. HPSO method is used to estimate the multiple parameters involved in the model. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the quality of the watermarked image and resist common image manipulations such as adding noise, resizing compression, tempering, etc. and some geometric attacks.

Content protection in grayscale and color images based on robust digital watermarking

The concept of digital rights management architecture for multimedia will be presented in this paper, with focus on robust digital image watermarking, which is able to undergo geometrical attacks performed against the embedded watermarks. Geometrical attacks are still an open problem for many digital watermarking algorithms used in present time. Most of geometrical attacks can be described by using affine transforms. A new approach to improve robustness against geometrical attacks is presented. The discrete Fourier transform and log-polar mapping are used for watermark embedding and for watermark detection. Some attacks against the embedded watermarks are performed and the results are given. Also two modifications, usage of the proposed method as a synchronization template and implementation for the color images, are presented and experimental results are given too.

A Survey on Patents of Typical Robust Image Watermarking

The Digital Watermarking Technique Has Attracted Increased Interests on the past Decades. the General Framework of Robust Watermarking Is Described, and some Typical Robust Digital Image Watermarking Patents Are Surveyed in this Paper. the Main Principles and Functions of these Patents Are Reviewed and Discussed. then a Summarization about these Patents, the Challenge and Potential Research Directions in the Future Are Given Briefly.

On an optimal robust digital image watermarking based on SVD using differential evolution algorithm

It is shown that the optimal robust digital image watermarking based on singular value decomposition using differential evolution algorithm proposed by Veysel Aslantas [Opt. Commun. 282(5):769–777 (2009)] has a serious fundamental flaw and should not be used for proof of ownership application.

A ROBUST DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING ALGORITHM USING DNA SEQUENCES

ICTACT Journals are peer reviewed International Journals published quarterly. With the objective of creating Indian-based Journals of International quality and to build up local research content, ICTACT Journals exists for the purpose of providing a quality peer-reviewed platform for Scientists, Researchers, Academicians and Engineers who carry out their original research. The Journals will highlight the continued growth and new challenges in both basic research and application development.

On the Selection of Optimal Feature Region Set for Robust Digital Image Watermarking

A novel feature region selection method for robust digital image watermarking is proposed in this paper. This method aims to select a nonoverlapping feature region set, which has the greatest robustness against various attacks and can preserve image quality as much as possible after watermarked. It first performs a simulated attacking procedure using some predefined attacks to evaluate the robustness of every candidate feature region. According to the evaluation results, it then adopts a track-with-pruning procedure to search a minimal primary feature set which can resist the most predefined attacks. In order to enhance its resistance to undefined attacks under the constraint of preserving image quality, the primary feature set is then extended by adding into some auxiliary feature regions. This work is formulated as a multidimensional knapsack problem and solved by a genetic algorithm based approach. The experimental results for StirMark attacks on some benchmark images support our expectation that the primary feature set can resist all the predefined attacks and its extension can enhance the robustness against undefined attacks. Comparing with some well-known feature-based methods, the proposed method exhibits better performance in robust digital watermarking.

A new robust digital image watermarking based on Pseudo-Zernike moments

A robust digital image watermarking scheme based on Pseudo-Zernike moments and image normalization is proposed. The goal is to resist both geometric distortion and common signals processing. We construct the geometrically invariant space by using image normalization. The Pseudo-Zernike moments of the normalized image are computed, and some low-order Pseudo-Zernike moments are selected. We embed digital watermark into the host image by quantizing the magnitudes of the selected Pseudo-Zernike moments. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme is robust to a wide range of geometric attacks and common signals processing.

ROBUST COLOR IMAGE WATERMARKING BASED ON FAN BEAM PROJECTIONS

Digital watermarks have been embedded invisibly in digital media to protect copyrights of legal owners. In this paper two new robust digital color image watermarking schemes using fan beam projections are proposed and their imperceptibility, capacity and robustness are analyzed. The approach FBWLC adds a binary watermark to both the luminance and chrominance content of a color image whereas FBWC adds the watermark to the chrominance content of the color image and is based on Fan Beam Transform that takes multiple projections of the image from different angles. It is observed that FBWC scheme is robust to almost all the attacks and FBWLC scheme is more robust and guarantees zero bit error rate (BER) to most of the attacks on color images namely compression, filtering, blurring and sharpening and is compared with an existing approach based on Spatio Chromatic Discrete Fourier Transform (SCDFT). Also, when compared with other works in color image watermarking, these approaches embed a huge amount of data thereby increasing the watermarking capacity while preserving image quality by subjective evaluation.

Rotation, scaling and translation resilient digital image watermarking using log-polar mapping

Digital image watermarking or data hiding techniques must resist various attacks such as compression, noising and geometric distortion attacks. Rotation, scaling and translation (RST) in geometric distortion attacks are considered to be more challenging than other attacks. The log-polar mapping (LPM) coordinate is used to analyse the angle of rotation and ratio of scaling between the cover image and the corrupted watermarked image. However, the watermark or secret data are easily destroyed when inverse LPM is applied. Based on LPM, this paper presents a robust digital image watermarking technique. We discuss the appropriate watermark embedding locations in the LPM coordinates. The experiment results show that the proposed method has high wPSNR and low bit error rate (BER), and can withstand RST attacks.

Robust Digital Image Watermarking Based on Joint DWT-DCT

In this paper, a new robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on Joint DWT-DCT Transformation is proposed. A binary watermarked logo is scrambled by Arnold cat map and embedded in certain coefficient sets of a 3-level DWT transformed of a host image. Then, DCT transform of each selected DWT sub-band is computed and the PN-sequences of the watermark bits are embedded in the middle frequencies coefficients of the corresponding DCT block. In extraction procedure, the watermarked image, which maybe attacked, is pre-filtered by combination of sharpening and Laplassian of Gaussian filters to increase distinction between host image and watermark information. Subsequently, the same procedures as the embedding process is used to extract the DCT middle frequencies of each sub-band. Finally, correlation between mid-band coefficients and PNsequences is calculated to determine watermarked bits. Experimental results show that high imperceptibility is provided as well as higher robustness against common signal processing attacks. In compare to current watermarking algorithms which are based on the joint of DWT-DCT, proposed system is achieved significantly higher robustness against enhancement and noise addition attacks.

An optimal robust digital image watermarking based on SVD using differential evolution algorithm

The main objective in developing a robust image watermarking technique is to obtain the highest possible robustness without losing the transparency. To achieve this objective, this paper presents a new optimal robust image watermarking technique based on singular value decomposition (SVD) using differential evolution algorithm (DE). The singular values (SV) of the host image are modified by multiple scaling factors to embed a watermark image. The modifications are optimised using DE to achieve maximum robustness and transparency Experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the quality of the watermarked image and the robustness of the embedded watermark against various attacks.