Robust Digital Watermarking Research Articles

Robust Digital Watermarking Algorithm on Combination of Fractal and Wavelet

To improve the robustness of watermarking algorithms, this paper proposes a robust digital watermarking algorithm based on combination of fractal and wavelet. By key the algorithm transfers watermark information into self-similar fractal images, discretes Haar wavelet to host image, and embeds two fractal watermark image after fractal into Haar wavelet sub-band. Simulation results show that the algorithm has good robustness to image distortion as noise, JPEG compression, shear, filtering, etc.

A robust digital watermarking technique based on feature and transform method

This paper proposed a new robust digital watermarking technique with an aim of image protection. The proposed technique incorporates both the transform and feature methods. Initially, the Harris Laplacian detector extracts the features from the cover image that suites well for the watermarking. The extracted characteristic regions are grouped to form a primary feature set where the secret message is embedded to form a watermarked image. This image is tested by introducing six different predefined attacks, which checks the robustness of the extracted feature.Discrete cosine transform (DCT) transformation method extracts the secret message from the watermarked image. According to the results, the watermarked image is vulnerable to the undefined attack. To enhance the resistance against those attacks the primary feature set is extended by adding some auxiliary features. These features are extracted through Knapsack algorithm. The watermark is embedded into these auxiliary features where the secret message is not affected by any attacks. The experimental results show that the proposed watermark technique is efficient and also preserves the image quality. Key words: Feature detector, Knapsack algorithm, watermark protection, attack resistant, digital watermarking.

Robust digital watermarking in PDTDFB domain based on least squares support vector machine

Geometric distortion is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, for it can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Based on the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) geometric distortions correction, we propose a new image watermarking scheme in shiftable complex directional pyramid (PDTDFB) domain with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric distortions in this paper. Firstly, the PDTDFB decomposition is performed on the original host image. Then, the corresponding lowpass subband is divided into small blocks. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host image by modulating the selected lowpass PDTDFB coefficients in small blocks. The main steps of digital watermark detecting procedure include: (1) the PDTDFB decomposition is performed on the test images, and some low-order Gaussian–Hermite moment energy of highpass subbands are computed, which are regarded as the effective feature vectors; (2) the appropriate kernel function is selected for training, and a LS-SVM training model can be obtained; (3) the watermarked image is corrected with the well trained LS-SVM model; and (4) the digital watermark is extracted from the corrected watermarked image. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as filtering, noise adding, and JPEG compression etc, but also robust against the geometrical distortions.

Robust Digital Watermarking for Compressed 3D Models based on Polygonal Representation

ABSTRACT Multimedia has recently played an increasingly important role in various domains, including Web applications, movies, video game and medical visualization. The rapid growth of digital media data over the Internet, on the other hand, makes it easy for anyone to access, copy, edit and distribute digital contents such as electronic documents, images, sounds and videos. Motivated by this, much research work has been dedicated to develop methods for digital data copyright protection, tracing the ownership, and preventing illegal duplication or tampering. This paper introduces a methodology of robust digital watermarking based on a well-known spherical wavelet transformation, applied to 3D compressed model based on polygonal representation using a neural network. It will be demonstrated in this work that applying a watermarking algorithm on a compressed domain of a 3D object is more effective, efficient, and robust than when applied on a normal domain.

A Novel Digital Watermarking Algorithm using Random Matrix Image

The availability of bandwidth for internet access is sufficient enough to communicate digital assets. These digital assets are subjected to various types of threats. [19] As a result of this, protection mechanism required for the protection of digital assets is of priority in research. The threat of current focus is unauthorized copying of digital assets which give boost to piracy. This under the copyright act is illegal and a robust mechanism is required to curb this kind of unauthorized copy. To safeguard the copyright digital assets, a robust digital watermarking technique is needed. The existing digital watermarking techniques protect digital assets by embedding a digital watermark into a host digital image. This embedding does induce slight distortion in the host image but the distortion is usually too small to be noticed. At the same time the embedded watermark must be robust enough to with stand deliberate attacks. There are various techniques of digital watermarking but researchers are making constant efforts to increase the robustness of the watermark image. The layered approach of watermarking based on Huffman coding [5] can soon increase the robustness of digital watermark.[11] Ultimately, increasing the security of copyright of protection. The proposed work is in similar direction where in RMI (Random Matrix Image) is used in place of Huffman coding. This innovative algorithm has considerably increased the robustness in digital watermark while also enhancing security of production

Robust Digital Image Watermarking based on spread spectrum and convolutional coding

Digital watermarking is a promising technology to embed information as unperceivable signals in digital contents. A copyright protection method for digital image with convolutional coding is proposed in this paper. In this method, the watermark logo is coded with convolutional encoder and fused with noise bits to improve the robustness to malicious attacks including JPEG, noise and geometric attacks such as, cropping and rotation. During extraction, the watermark bits are decoded by Viterbi algotithm decoder, and the extraction procedure needs neither the original image nor the watermark logo. Simulation results show that the proposed method based on the convolutional coding can effectively resist the common malicious attacks, the embedding and extraction performances are quite improve compared to the method based on the direct coding.

Bayesian Segmentation Based Local Geometrically Invariant Image Watermarking

Robust digital watermarking has been an active research topic in the last decade. As one of the promising approaches, feature point based image watermarking has attracted many researchers. However, the related work usually suffers from the following limitations: 1 The feature point detector is sensitive to texture region, and some noise feature points are always detected in the texture region. 2 The feature points focus too much on high contrast region, and the feature points are distributed unevenly. Based on Bayesian image segmentation, we propose a local geometrically invariant image watermarking scheme with good visual quality in this paper. Firstly, the Bayesian image segmentation is used to segment the host image into several homogeneous regions. Secondly, for each homogeneous region, image feature points are extracted using the multiscale Harris-Laplace detector, and the corresponding invariant local image regions are constructed adaptively. Finally, by taking the human visual system HVS into account, digital watermark is repeatedly embedded into local image regions by modulating the magnitudes of DFT coefficients. By binding the digital watermark with the invariant local image regions, the watermark detection can be done without synchronization error. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as sharpening, noise adding, and JPEG compression etc, but also robust against the geometric distortions.

A Robust DWT Digital Image Watermarking Technique Basis On Scaling Factor

At the present time, the aptitude in contemplation of accessing as well as sharing images has become progressively facile with the Internet allowing people to procure information remotely from anywhere in the entire world. Moreover, there has been also an expansion with regard to the number of the still digital images over the internet for the sake of the fact that a vast number of millions of people are capturing digital photos. Fundamentally, the procedure of digital watermarking can be delineated as a method for embedding information into another signal (a digital signal). In cas e of digital images, the embedded information can be either visible or hidden from the user. In this project, we will concentrate on imperceptible watermarks. The principal intention of digital watermarks is to provide copyright protection for intellectual property that is in digital format. Typical usage scenarios for watermarking are such as copyright protection and data authentication.In this paper, we describe an imperceptible and a robust DWT digital Image Watermarking algorithm.The algorit hm watermarks a given digital image using a Discrete Wavelet Transform.

A robust watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization and DCT using quantization index modulation technique

We propose a robust digital watermarking algorithm for copyright protection. A stable feature is obtained by utilizing QR factorization and discrete cosine transform (DCT) techniques, and a meaningful watermark image is embedded into an image by modifying the stable feature with a quantization index modulation (QIM) method. The combination of QR factorization, DCT, and QIM techniques guarantees the robustness of the algorithm. Furthermore, an embedding location selection method is exploited to select blocks with small modifications as the embedding locations. This can minimize the embedding distortion and greatly improve the imperceptibility of our scheme. Several standard images were tested and the experimental results were compared with those of other published schemes. The results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can achieve not only better imperceptibility, but also stronger robustness against common signal processing operations and lossy compressions, such as filtering, noise addition, scaling, sharpening, rotation, cropping, and JPEG/JPEG2000 compression.

A robust digital watermarking algorithm in undecimated discrete wavelet transform domain

In this paper, a robust digital image watermarking algorithm is proposed based on fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) correction. The significant bitplane image is extracted from original host, and undecimated discrete wavelet transform (UDWT) is performed on the significant bitplane image. The lowpass subband is divided into small blocks, and digital watermark is embedded into original host by adaptively modulating the selected wavelet coefficients in small blocks. In order to resist geometric distortion attacks, FSVM is utilized to learn geometric distortion parameters by using low order Zernike moments. The watermark extraction is carried out after watermarked image has been synchronized without original host. Simulation also shows outstanding robustness of the proposed algorithm against most common image processing operations and geometric distortions.

Review on Singular-Value-Decomposition-Based Digital Watermarking Algorithm in Combination with Image Features

The combination of image features with singular value decomposition algorithm and digital watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform respectively makes possible the advancement from pixel watermarking to content watermarking, which effectively solves the contradiction between perceptibility and robustness of conventional watermarking algorithm. Therefore, stronger robustness and lower perceptibility of watermarking are achieved. This paper first gives a review on conventional singular-value-decomposition-based digital watermarking algorithm, and then makes a thorough analysis of its respective features, advantages and defects. Improved feature extraction schemes of digital watermark which combine image features with SVD algorithm as well as the application algorithm in feature extraction based on improved SVD algorithm are put forward for the comparative analysis of corresponding principles and processing effects. The experimental results indicate that the content-based (instead of pixel-based) watermarking algorithm can better satisfy the perceptibility and robustness of digital watermarking, with huge application potentials and more development space

The Robust Digital Image Watermarking Scheme with Back Propagation Neural Network in DWT Domain

This paper presents a blind robust digital image watermarking approach based on back propagation neural network in DWT domain. The cover image is decomposed up to 4-levels using DWT. The bitmap of size 64x64 is selected as a watermark. The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is implemented while embedding and extracting the watermark. In BPNN the errors will be back propagated to the input layer, so that the weights and learning rate parameters may be changed to get the output. The BPNN is trained in such a way that it converges fast and reaches high accuracy. The proposed watermarking algorithm is imperceptible and robust to some normal attacks such as JPEG compression, salt and pepper noise, rotation, median filtering and cropping.

A New Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based On WBCT

The paper presents an imperceptible and robust digital watermarking algorithm using wavelet-based contourlet transform (WBCT), The WBCT can give the anisotropy optimal representation of the edges and contours in the image by virtue of the characteristics of multi-scale framework and multi-directionality. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the significant texture information of the image to find the embedding watermarking position. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed algorithm in terms of both the watermarking invisibility and the watermarking robustness. In addition, the comparison experiments prove the high-efficiency of the proposed method. The paper presents an imperceptible and robust digital watermarking algorithm using wavelet-based contourlet transform (WBCT), The WBCT can give the anisotropy optimal representation of the edges and contours in the image by virtue of the characteristics of multi-scale framework and multi-directionality. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the significant texture information of the image to find the embedding watermarking position. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed algorithm in terms of both the watermarkinginvisibility and the watermarking robustness. In addition, the comparison experiments prove the high-efficiency of the proposed method.

An Artificial Intelligent Technique for Robust Digital Watermarking in Multiwavelet Domain

In this paper, an artificial intelligent technique for robust digital image watermarking in multiwavelet domain is proposed. The embedding technique is based on the quantization index modulation technique and the watermark extraction process does not require the original image. We have developed an optimization technique using the genetic algorithms to search for optimal quantization steps to improve the quality of watermarked image and robustness of the watermark. In addition, we construct a prediction model based on image moments and back propagation neural network to correct an attacked image geometrically before the watermark extraction process begins. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm yields watermarked image with good imperceptibility and very robust watermark against various image processing attacks. Keywords—Watermarking, Multiwavelet, Quantization index modulation, Genetic algorithms, Neural networks.

Hybrid particle swarm optimization for robust digital image watermarking

This paper presents an image watermarking algorithm for the optimization between robustness and transparency which is recently considered as one of the most challenging issues. The novelty is to associate the Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO), instead of a single optimization, as a model with singular value decomposition (SVD). To embed and extract the watermark, the singular values of the blocked host image are modified according to the watermark and scaling factors. A series of training patterns are constructed by employing between two images. Moreover, the work takes accomplishing maximum robustness and transparency into consideration. HPSO method is used to estimate the multiple parameters involved in the model. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the quality of the watermarked image and resist common image manipulations such as adding noise, resizing compression, tempering, etc. and some geometric attacks.

Content protection in grayscale and color images based on robust digital watermarking

The concept of digital rights management architecture for multimedia will be presented in this paper, with focus on robust digital image watermarking, which is able to undergo geometrical attacks performed against the embedded watermarks. Geometrical attacks are still an open problem for many digital watermarking algorithms used in present time. Most of geometrical attacks can be described by using affine transforms. A new approach to improve robustness against geometrical attacks is presented. The discrete Fourier transform and log-polar mapping are used for watermark embedding and for watermark detection. Some attacks against the embedded watermarks are performed and the results are given. Also two modifications, usage of the proposed method as a synchronization template and implementation for the color images, are presented and experimental results are given too.

A Robust Digital Watermarking Algorithm of Identification for Image Authenticity

To accurately determine whether an image has been tampered, a robust digital watermarking algorithm based on the frequency domain was proposed. Watermarks will be embedded in the middle frequency domain of the coefficient matrix, and combining with the JPEG luminance quantization table, better balance will be achieved between the watermark transparency and the robustness of the algorithm. Moreover, before being embedded in the host image, the watermark information is encoded using the chaotic sequence, to improve the security of the algorithm. Experiment results showed that, the watermarked image generated by the proposed algorithm has higher quality. When suffering JPEG compression, cropping and other tampering attacks, the image authenticity can be determined by the similarity between the extracted watermarking and the original watermarking.

A new facet in robust digital watermarking framework

Generally, in watermarking techniques the size of the watermark is very small when compared to the host image. On the contrary, this is an attempt in which a new facet in watermarking framework is presented where the size of host image is very small when compared to the watermark image. The core idea of the proposed technique is to first scale up the size of host image equal to the size of watermark using chaotic map and Hessenberg decomposition followed by the redundant wavelet transform. A meaningful gray scale watermark is embedded in the low frequency sub-band at the finest level using singular value decomposition. To prevent ambiguity and enhance the security, a binary watermark is also embedded in loss-less manner which ensures the authenticity of the watermarked image. Finally, a reliable watermark extraction scheme is developed for extracting both the watermarks. The experimental results demonstrate better visual imperceptibility and resiliency of the proposed scheme against intentional or un-intentional variety of attacks.

A New Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on DWT-DCT-RLC

The paper presents an imperceptible and robust digital watermarking algorithm using a combination of the DWT-DCT , which improves the robustness via using new embedding strategy. Apply 4-level DWT to the host image. Then, DCT transform of each directional middle frequencies DWT subband is computed; A binary watermarked logo is coded by Run-Length Code(RLC);The watermark bits are embedded in the coefficients of the DCT block based on the energy of each corresponding to coefficient in the highest level selected using the value of RLC. Performance evaluation show that the proposed scheme is invisible and robust against common image manipulations like JPEG compression, noise adding, sharpening, filtering.

A Survey on Patents of Typical Robust Image Watermarking

The Digital Watermarking Technique Has Attracted Increased Interests on the past Decades. the General Framework of Robust Watermarking Is Described, and some Typical Robust Digital Image Watermarking Patents Are Surveyed in this Paper. the Main Principles and Functions of these Patents Are Reviewed and Discussed. then a Summarization about these Patents, the Challenge and Potential Research Directions in the Future Are Given Briefly.