Robin Boundary Conditions Research Articles

Iterated Robin problem, the case of various parameters

ABSTRACT Prescribing Robin boundary conditions for the iterated Poisson equation ( ∂ z ∂ z ¯ ) n w = f leads to Robin-n problems. Extending previous results by allowing an independent choice for the parameters α k , β k for every iteration k , 1 ≤ k ≤ n , leads to explicit integral representations depending on the data of the Robin-n problem. Parting from these integral representation explicit solutions with their respective solvability conditions are derived. For the unit disc of the complex plane, the Robin functions for n = 2 and 3 are explicitly constructed.

Global existence of solutions for a free‐boundary tumor model with angiogenesis and a necrotic core

In this paper, we study a free‐boundary problem modeling the growth of spherically symmetric tumors with angiogenesis and a necrotic core, where the Robin boundary condition is imposed for the nutrient concentration. The existence of a global solution is established by first reducing the free‐boundary problem into an equivalent initial boundary value problem for a nonlinear strongly singular parabolic equation on a fixed domain, then proving that an approximation problem admits a unique solution by the Schauder fixed point theorem combined with the estimates for parabolic equations, and finally taking the limit. Compared with the Dirichlet boundary value condition problem, the Robin condition causes some new difficulties in making rigorous analysis of the model, particularly on the uniqueness of solutions to the approximation problem.

Boundary controllability for a 1D degenerate parabolic equation with a Robin boundary condition

In this paper, we prove the null controllability of a one-dimensional degenerate parabolic equation with a weighted Robin boundary condition at the left endpoint, where the potential has a singularity. We use some results from the singular Sturm–Liouville theory to show the well-posedness of our system. We obtain a spectral decomposition of a degenerate parabolic operator with Robin conditions at the endpoints, we use Fourier–Dini expansions and the moment method introduced by Fattorini and Russell to prove the null controllability and to obtain an upper estimate of the cost of controllability. We also get a lower estimate of the cost of controllability by using a representation theorem for analytic functions of exponential type.

Renormalized stress-energy tensor on global anti-de Sitter space-time with Robin boundary conditions

We study the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) for a massless, conformally coupled scalar field on global anti-de Sitter space-time in four dimensions. Robin (mixed) boundary conditions are applied to the scalar field. We compute both the vacuum and thermal expectation values of the RSET. The vacuum RSET is a multiple of the space-time metric when either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions are applied. Imposing Robin boundary conditions breaks the maximal symmetry of the vacuum state and results in an RSET whose components with mixed indices have their maximum (or maximum magnitude) at the space-time origin. The value of this maximum depends on the boundary conditions. We find similar behaviour for thermal states. As the temperature decreases, thermal expectation values of the RSET approach those for vacuum states and their values depend strongly on the boundary conditions. As the temperature increases, the values of the RSET components tend to profiles which are the same for all boundary conditions. We also find, for both vacuum and thermal states, that the RSET on the space-time boundary is independent of the boundary conditions and determined entirely by the trace anomaly.

Ambarzumyan Theorem for Conformable Type Sturm-Liouville Problem on Time Scales

In this study, we give an Ambarzumyan type theorem for a Sturm-Liouville dynamic equation which includes conformable type derivative on time scales with conformable Robin boundary conditions. Under certain conditions, we prove that potential function can be determined by using only first eigenvalue.

A hybrid finite difference level set–implicit mesh discontinuous Galerkin method for multi-layer coating flows

A mathematical model and numerical framework are presented for computing multi-physics multi-layer coating flow dynamics, with applications to the leveling of multi-layer paint films. The algorithm combines finite difference level set methods and high-order accurate sharp-interface implicit mesh discontinuous Galerkin methods to capture a complex set of multi-physics, incorporating Marangoni-driven multi-phase interfacial flow and the transport, mixing, and evaporation of multiple dissolved species. In particular, we develop several numerical methods for this multi-physics problem, including: high-order local discontinuous Galerkin methods for Poisson problems with Robin boundary conditions on implicitly-defined domains, to capture solvent evaporation; finite difference surface gradient methods, to robustly and accurately incorporate Marangoni stresses; and a coupled multi-physics time stepping approach, to incorporate all the different solvers at play including quasi-Newtonian fluid flow. The framework is applicable to an arbitrary number of layers and dissolved species; here, we apply it in a variety of settings, including multi-solvent evaporative paint dynamics, the flow and leveling of multi-layer automobile paint coatings in both 2D and 3D, and an examination of interfacial turbulence within a multi-layer matter cascade. Our results reproduce several phenomena observed in experiment, such as the formation of Marangoni plumes and Bénard cells. We also use the model to study the impact of long-wave deformational surface modes on immersed interfaces as well as the emergence of the final multi-layer film profile.

Modeling of Chemical Vapor Infiltration for Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide Composites Using Meshless Method of Fundamental Solutions

In this study, the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFSs) is adopted to model Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) in a fibrous preform. The preparation of dense fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites is considered. The reaction flux at the solid surface is equal to the diffusion flux towards the surface. The Robin or third-type boundary condition is implemented into the MFS. From the fibers’ surface concentrations obtained by MFS, deposition rates are calculated, and the geometry is updated at each time step, modeling the pore filling over time. The MFS solution is verified by comparing the results to a known analytical solution for a simplified geometry of concentric cylinders with a concentration set at the outer cylinder and a reaction at the inner cylinder. MFS solutions are compared to published experimental data. Porosity transients are obtained by a combination of MFSs with surface deposition to show the relation between the initial and final porosities.

Highly Accurate Method for a Singularly Perturbed Coupled System of Convection–Diffusion Equations with Robin Boundary Conditions

This paper’s major goal is to provide a numerical approach for estimating solutions to a coupled system of convection–diffusion equations with Robin boundary conditions (RBCs). We devised a novel method that used four homogeneous RBCs to generate basis functions using generalized shifted Legendre polynomials (GSLPs) that satisfy these RBCs. We provide new operational matrices for the derivatives of the developed polynomials. The collocation approach and these operational matrices are utilized to find approximate solutions for the system under consideration. The given system subject to RBCs is turned into a set of algebraic equations that can be solved using any suitable numerical approach utilizing this technique. Theoretical convergence and error estimates are investigated. In conclusion, we provide three illustrative examples to demonstrate the practical implementation of the theoretical study we have just presented, highlighting the validity, usefulness, and applicability of the developed approach. The computed numerical results are compared to those obtained by other approaches. The methodology used in this study demonstrates a high level of concordance between approximate and exact solutions, as shown in the presented tables and figures.

Assessment of Local Radial Basis Function Collocation Method for Diffusion Problems Structured with Multiquadrics and Polyharmonic Splines

This paper aims to systematically assess the local radial basis function collocation method, structured with multiquadrics (MQs) and polyharmonic splines (PHSs), for solving steady and transient diffusion problems. The boundary value test involves a rectangle with Dirichlet, Neuman, and Robin boundary conditions, and the initial value test is associated with the Dirichlet jump problem on a square. The spectra of the free parameters of the method, i.e., node density, timestep, shape parameter, etc., are analyzed in terms of the average error. It is found that the use of MQs is less stable compared to PHSs for irregular node arrangements. For MQs, the most suitable shape parameter is determined for multiple cases. The relationship of the shape parameter with the total number of nodes, average error, node scattering factor, and the number of nodes in the local subdomain is also provided. For regular node arrangements, MQs produce slightly more accurate results, while for irregular node arrangements, PHSs provide higher accuracy than MQs. PHSs are recommended for use in diffusion problems that require irregular node spacing.

Efficient hybridized numerical scheme for singularly perturbed parabolic reaction–diffusion equations with Robin boundary conditions

An efficient numerical technique for a singularly perturbed parabolic reaction–diffusion problem with Robin type boundary conditions is presented in this work. The governing problem is discretized using the implicit Euler technique in time direction and a hybrid numerical technique that comprises a central finite difference method in the outer region and a cubic spline in compression method in the boundary layer regions in space direction. We use Shishkin-type meshes in the space domain to resolve the layers. The Robin type boundary conditions are handled using the second-order method. The totally discretized problem is well examined for stability and convergence. The use Bakhvalov–Shishkin and Vulanović–Shishkin meshes yields a more efficient and second-order convergence whereas Shishkin mesh produces almost second-order convergent solutions. Two test examples are computed. The current method has been compared to other methods in the scientific community.

On the space-time analyticity of the inhomogeneous heat equation on the half space with Neumann boundary conditions

We consider the inhomogeneous heat equation on the half-space R + d with Neumann boundary conditions. We prove a space-time Gevrey regularity of the solution, with a radius of analyticity uniform up to the boundary of the half-space. We also address the case of homogeneous Robin boundary conditions. Our results generalize the case of homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions established by Kukavica and Vicol [A direct approach to Gevrey regularity on the half-space. In: Partial differential equations in fluid mechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press; 2018. p. 268–288. (London math. soc. lecture note ser.; vol. 452).].

Induced current by a cosmic string and a brane in high-dimensional AdS spacetime

In this paper we investigate the bosonic current induced by a brane and a magnetic flux running along the idealized cosmic string in a (D+1)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(D+1)$$\\end{document}-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) background. We consider the brane is parallel to the AdS boundary and the cosmic string is orthogonal to them. Moreover, we assume that on the brane the charged bosonic field obeys the Robin boundary condition. The brane divides the space into two regions with different properties of the vacuum state. We show that the only nonzero component of the current density is along the azimuthal direction in both regions. In order to develop this analysis we calculate, for both regions, the positive frequency Wightman functions. Both functions present a part associated with the AdS in presence of a cosmic string only, and the other part induced by the brane. In this paper we consider only the contributions induced by the brane. We show that in both regions the azimuthal current densities are odd functions of the magnetic flux along the string. Different analytic and numerical analysis are performed and an application of our results is provided for the Randall-Sundrum braneworld model with a single brane.

The Robin boundary condition for modelling heat transfer

The heat exchange between a rigid body and a fluid is usually modelled by the Robin boundary condition saying that the heat flux through the interface is proportional to the difference between their temperatures. Such interface law describes only the unilateral heat exchange. The goal of this paper is to compare the Robin boundary condition starting with the transmission condition (the temperature and the flux continuity) using rigorous mathematical analysis. Our main results are the following. We first show that a generalized version of the Robin boundary condition can be justified. Second, we prove that replacing the generalized by the standard Robin condition can be justified for high convection velocity if the conductivity of the surrounding liquid is much lower than that of the body. On the other hand, if the fluid conducts much better than the body, then the effective boundary condition is shown not to be the Robin one, but it involves second-order derivatives. We strongly believe that those findings bring new insights to the physics of the heat exchange processes and, thus, could prove useful in engineering practice.

Shape optimization of the energy efficiency of building retrofitted facade

The current state of research indicates a necessity of further examination in both numerical and experimental studies related to optimizing shapes of building enclosures for the enhancement of their energy efficiency. The demand for research primarily arises due to the numerical complexities associated with optimizing shapes for this specific purpose. Consequently, the primary objective of this article is to address and bridge these gaps in the field. To achieve this, a two-dimensional steady-state heat diffusion model is assumed to represent the physical processes occurring within building facades of varying shapes. A third type boundary condition is applied to the exterior boundary, encompassing convective and incident short-wave solar radiation effects. The calculation of short-wave radiation accounts for factors such as sunlight exposure and shading, influenced by the surrounding urban environment. The internal boundary interfaces with the indoor ambient air, and thus, a Robin boundary condition is adopted. To tackle the computational demands while ensuring accuracy, the boundary element method (BEM) is employed by discretizing the domain boundary into discrete elements. Then, two heat transfer design objectives are define according to the period of investigations: ones related to enhancing heat transfer and ones focused on thermal insulation problem. Last, a real-world case study is conducted, considering a house wall under varying climate conditions throughout the year. Optimal shapes for the external wall boundary are determined with the constraint that the optimized facade utilizes the same amount of material as the reference flat one. The results demonstrate a substantial increase in energy efficiency compared to the reference flat wall case.

Isoperimetric estimates for solutions to the $p$-Laplacian with variable Robin boundary conditions

Isoperimetric estimates for solutions to the $p$-Laplacian with variable Robin boundary conditions

Discrete-coordinate crypto-Hermitian quantum system controlled by time-dependent Robin boundary conditions

A family of exactly solvable quantum square wells with discrete coordinates and with certain non-stationary Hermiticity-violating Robin boundary conditions is proposed and studied. Manifest non-Hermiticity of the model in conventional Hilbert space Hfriendly is required to coexist with the unitarity of system in another, ad hoc Hilbert space Hphysical . Thus, quantum mechanics in its non-Hermitian interaction picture (NIP) representation is to be used. We must construct the time-dependent states (say, ψ(t)) as well as the time-dependent observables (say, Λ(t)). Their evolution in time is generated by the operators denoted, here, by the respective symbols G(t) (a Schrödinger-equation generator) and Σ(t) (a Heisenberg-equation generator, a.k.a. quantum Coriolis force). The unitarity of evolution in Hphysical is then guaranteed by the reality of spectrum of the energy observable alias Hamiltonian H(t) = G(t) + Σ(t). The applicability of these ideas is illustrated via an N by N matrix model. At N = 2, closed formulae are presented not only for the measurable instantaneous energy spectrum but also for all of the eligible time-dependent physical inner-product metrics Θ(N=2)(t), for the related Dyson maps Ω(N=2)(t), for the Coriolis force Σ(N=2)(t) as well as, in the very ultimate step of the construction, for the truly nontrivial Schrödinger-equation generator G (N=2)(t).

The Robin problems for the coupled system of reaction–diffusion equations

This article investigates the local well-posedness of Turing-type reaction–diffusion equations with Robin boundary conditions in the Sobolev space. Utilizing the Hadamard norm, we derive estimates for Fokas unified transform solutions for linear initial-boundary value problems subject to external forces. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the iteration map, defined by the unified transform solutions and incorporating nonlinearity instead of external forces, acts as a contraction map within an appropriate solution space. Our conclusive result is established through the application of the contraction mapping theorem.

Homogenization of a reaction-diffusion problem with large nonlinear drift and Robin boundary data

We study the periodic homogenization of a reaction-diffusion problem with large nonlinear drift and Robin boundary condition posed in an unbounded perforated domain. The nonlinear problem is associated with the hydrodynamic limit of a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) governing a population of interacting particles crossing a domain with obstacle. We are interested in deriving rigorously the upscaled model equations and the corresponding effective coefficients for the case when the microscopic dynamics are linked to a particular choice of characteristic length and time scales that lead to an exploding nonlinear drift. The main mathematical difficulty lies in proving the two-scale compactness and strong convergence results needed for the passage to the homogenization limit. To cope with the situation, we use the concept of two-scale compactness with drift, which is similar to the more classical two-scale compactness result but it is defined now in moving coordinates. We provide as well a strong convergence result for the corrector function, starting this way the search for the order of the convergence rate of the homogenization process for our target nonlinear drift problem.

Quasinormal mode spectrum of the AdS black hole with the Robin boundary condition

We study the quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum of an asymptotically AdS black hole with the Robin boundary condition at infinity. We consider the Schwarzshild-AdS4 with the flat event horizon as the background spacetime and study its scalar field perturbation. Denoting leading coefficients of slow- and fast-decay modes of the scalar field at infinity as φ 1 and φ 2, respectively, we assume a linear relation between them as ϕ2=cot(θ/2)ϕ1 , where θ is a constant called the Robin parameter and periodic under θ∼θ+2π . In a certain range of the Robin parameter, there is an instability driven by the boundary condition. We also find the holonomy in the QNM spectrum under the parametric cycle of the boundary condition: θ=0→2π . After the one-cycle, nth overtone of the QNM moves to (n−1) th overtone. The fundamental tone of the QNM is swept out to the infinity in the complex plane.

Dynamics of nonlinear scalar field with Robin boundary condition on the Schwarzschild–anti–de Sitter background

Dynamics of nonlinear scalar field with Robin boundary condition on the Schwarzschild–anti–de Sitter background