Road Width Research Articles

Analisa Sistem Penerangan Lampu Jalan Di Desa Kenten Laut Banyuasin

In evaluating street lighting systems, the main factors are safety, comfort, and beauty for road users who must receive special attention. Street lighting is very useful at night or during dark conditions such as rain or cloudiness. Therefore, the authors evaluate the street lamp lighting system on the street .A.Nakowi .No17.Rt14 in the village of KentenLaut. From the results obtained, the length of the road is 240 meters with a road width of 4 meters for the calculation of the installation of street lights based on the reality in the field by taking into account road conditions and road classification. The lamp used is SON-T 150W, after an evaluation, the street lamp lighting system on the street. A.Nakowi.No17..Rt14.In the village of KentenLaut does not meet the standards, so the street lamps in the village of KentenLaut must be repaired or replaced with lamps so that the lighting can match the standard of street lamp lighting, the standard of good street lamp lighting is 20 lux so that road users feel comfortable with bright lighting.

Traffic Performance Analysis – Emp And Saturation Degrees Using Pkji 2023

The intersection of KH Wahid Hasyim Road and Inspection Road which is located in the Selokan Mataram, Dabag, Condongcatur, Sleman, DIY area has a high traffic volume because it is a link between residential, educational and economic zones and shopping centers. The problem that often occurs at the intersection of Jalan KH Wahid Hasyim and Jalan Inspection Selokan Mataram, Dabag, Condongcatur, Sleman, DIY is high traffic flow, which often results in traffic jams. The regulation of traffic lights currently in operation cannot overcome the congestion that often occurs, especially during peak hours. The aim of this research is to analyze the performance of signalized intersections using the PKJI 2023 method. To provide appropriate solutions and alternative problem solving at these intersections. Which can improve the performance of the signalized intersection Jl. KH Wahid Hasyim and Jl. Mataram Selokam Inspection. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it is as follows: a. The traffic flow at the intersection of four is marked KH. Wahid Hasyim and the Mataram Sewer Inspection Road based on the analysis results show that the traffic volume at signalized intersections for 7 days is 16,527 PCU/hour. b. The traffic volume at the intersection with the KH road signal. Wahid Hasyim and the Mataram Sewer Inspection road at peak hours on Monday 02/10/2023, namely 2539 or 1106.2 SMP/Hour. c. Annual average daily traffic at the intersection of four with the KH road signal. Wahid Hasyim and the Mataram Sewer Inspection road for 7 days were taken at peak hours 06.00 – 07.00 and 16.30 – 17.30. get results, namely 45.10 Kend/Hour. d. Calculation of traffic performance and EMP. Which was carried out for 7 days with a K value of 0.08. according to the road width of 6m, you get a result of 3.60 SMP/hour. e. Degree of Saturation at the intersection of four signalized roads KH. Wahid Hasyim in the peak volume period Monday 02/10/2023. Taken at each intersection, North 0.520 SMP/hour, South 0.641 SMP/hour, East 0.162 SMP/hour and West 0.291 SMP/hour. 1. Degree of saturation at the intersection of four KH roads. Wahid Hasyim and the Mataram Sewer Inspection road for the period Monday 10/02/2023 is North 0.520 SMP/Hour, South 0.641 SMP/Hour, East 0.162 SMP/Hour and West 0.291 SMP/Hour. then the service level is D with unstable flow conditions but the speed and movement of vehicles is very low. 2. Vehicle volume based on the results of a 7-day traffic survey shows the number of heavy vehicles on Monday 02/10/2023 for the time period 06.00 – 07.00 and 16.30 – 17.30. namely 2539 Kend/Hour. 3. The capacity value (C) obtained is 2688 SMP/Hour. 4. The value of traffic flow and EMP passing through the four signalized intersections on Jl. KH. Wahid Hasyim and Jl. Sewer Inspection with a K value of 0.08 gets a result of 3.60 SMP/Hour.

Enhancing emergency vehicle access in dense settlements of Mumbai using high-resolution satellite imagery: A deep learning approach

Unplanned urbanization in developing cities has led to haphazard development, increasing disaster risks in densely populated areas. Despite being more disaster-prone, these dense settlements often lack essential emergency services. Delivering emergency services requires a high-resolution geodatabase of minor roads and their attributes, such as road width. Such information can be a crucial input for quantifying emergency vehicles (EVs) access in an area. To the best of our knowledge, no research has addressed this problem statement, making this paper the first to propose quantifying road width and using it to develop EVs accessibility maps. We propose a two-stage process to achieve these goals. In the first stage, we designed a deep neural network (DNN) to accurately organize built-up features, including minor roads using true-colour high-resolution satellite imagery of Pleiades-1A for Mumbai. In the second stage, we propose an algorithm to calculate road width and then compare it with EVs dimension (width) details to develop high-resolution accessibility maps. The model classified features with around 91.88% accuracy along with 90% Kappa coefficient, while the classification accuracy of minor roads in informal settlements was about 85.80%. We found that informal settlements have much less access to various EVs compared to formal settlements due to mixed signatures. The outcomes presented in this paper can be used as a decision-making tool to develop a geodatabase of road widths and EVs accessibility maps for efficient resource planning, which can ultimately lead to the development of disaster-resilient cities.

Geo-climates and street developments shape urban tree characteristics: A street-view inventory analysis of over 200,000 trees of 11 metropolises in China

Street trees play an important role in the city, but large-scale, multi-city inventory data are very limited to date, which can help to define geo-climatic and social development influences on urban forest characteristics. In this paper we speculate that at national level, geocliamtes and street development shape the different street tree characteristics, and large scale street View images (SVIs)-measurements favor the identification of factors responsible for the street tree variations in China. By collecting urban trees from 11 metropolises through SVIs method, an inventory of urban trees in China, including 201,942 trees at 9807 sites, was obtained from a latitude gradient from tropical 18oN to cold-temperate 45oN. Individual tree size-related growth status, tree-shrub-herb-related vertical structure, tree species identity, and street condition and street development (total 20 social development parameters) in the inventory is recorded. We analyzed trends and factors influencing street trees characteristics through latitudinal variation, distribution, linear regression, redundancy (RDA) ordination, and inter-city comparisons. The results showed that 1) with latitude increased, DBH and CPS linearly decreased, together with more highly dense forests (>100 trees/100 m street segment) observed. Latitude independence was in TH and forest vertical structural complexity. 2) All tree size data were in the log-normal distribution pattern when the two-parameter model was used and was best fitted by the Johnson distribution pattern when the >2-parameter model was used. 3) Tree growth status showed strong latitude dependency (R2 > 0.4, p < 0.05), with latitude increase accompanied by a higher percentage of trees with poor growth status (diebacks, dead trees, etc.). 4) The top abundant trees were Populus spp., Cinnamomum camphora, Salix spp., Platanus acerifolia, Ficus macrocarpa (5.5 %–14.6 %), and the arbor-shrub-herb three-layer structured forests took 52.3 % of total sites. With latitude rise, increasing abundance of Populus spp., Salix spp., elm, and pine but decreasing abundance of the unrecognizable tree groups were found (p < 0.05). 5) We also constructed a street tree comprehensive index based on their potential for providing services to citizen from the inventory data and found it was negatively related to latitudes. RDA ordination showed that geo-climatic conditions (49 %–61.5 %) and social developments (21.4 %–52.7 %) were almost equally responsible for tree size, growth status, and vertical structural variations, while road width (lane number of the street) was the most potent predictor (coefficient > 2.0 %, p < 0.01) for these variations. Our study can benefit the national-level management of urban forests and inventory-based various ecological service precise evaluation.

Evidence in the Corruption Case of Road Reconstruction

The state civil apparatus has an important role for the state, which is given the mandate and responsibility by the state and people in managing government affairs which become their respective functions and duties. The government apparatus in carrying out their duties must be good and full of integrity, because they are given trust by the government and society in carrying out their duties. People put their hopes on them to realize good governance in the future. However, the reality in the field is inversely proportional to what should be. In practice, the problem that often arises in the misuse of the duties of government officials is the practice of corruption. One of the cases of corruption that occurred in the field of procurement of goods or services was a case that occurred in North Lampung with the defendant named Yasril as the Commitment Making Officer at the PUPR Office of North Lampung Regency and the defendant Abdul Azim as his project partner. Yasril is considered to have neglected his duties as a Commitment Making Officer in the Kalibalangan Brach Four Road Widening Project, South Abung District, North Lampung Regency, in the 2019 fiscal year. The problem discussed in this study is how criminal liability for perpetrators of corruption crimes as in Decision Number: 3/Pid.Sus-TPK/2022/PN.Tjk and Decision Number: 4/Pid.Sus-TPK/2022/PN.Tjk? This research uses normative juridical research methods, namely research conducted based on primary legal materials by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and laws and regulations related to this research. It can be concluded that the prosecutor's method of proof was inaccurate and lacked caution in conducting the investigation, resulting in their imperfect indictment. So that the panel of judges did not believe in the results of the calculation of state financial losses submitted by the prosecutor's expert from the Public Accounting Firm Mahlizar, Jailani &amp; Partners. This is because the calculation of state losses is based on procedures and procedures that do not contain certainty and are only based on assumptions. Thus, the panel of judges finally decided to acquit the two defendants from all charges.

Desain lapisan Perkerasan Jalan Pada Ruas Jalan Desa Mbangga – Woloboa Kecamatan Wolowaru Kabupaten Ende

The Mbangga-Woloboa road section, Rindiwawo Village, Wolowaru District is included in the local road type with rigid pavement and a road width of 3 meters. Every year the condition of the Mbangga-Woloboa road section experiences damage, where several parts of the road have many holes and when it rains there are lots of puddles of water, which is very disturbing for road users. Even though the Ministry of Public Works, with the available funds, has repaired the existing damage by overlaying it repeatedly, it has not been able to solve the existing problem completely because the road condition has deteriorated again before it reaches its design life. Therefore, it needs to be redesigned by repairing the subgrade layer and replacing the road surface layer with new rigid pavement according to the load of vehicles passing through the road. So by using the AASHTO method, the traffic growth rate (i) of the planned road is 5.23% per year with collector road class. The effective Resilient Modulus (MR) value on the road section is 2770 psi with a CBR value of 1.87%, and DDT 2.70 kg/cm2. The thickness of the pavement layer is found to be D1 = 13 cm, D2 = 20 cm, and D3 = 41 cm.

Simulated Design and Evaluation of Centralized off Grid Street Light Solar Power System with Backup Generator

In this paper, simulated design and evaluation of centralized off grid street light solar power system with backup generator is presented. The design of the street light solar power system takes into consideration the desired illumination level, the width of road, the coefficient of utilization, the maintenance factor, the desired distance between street light poles, the pole height, the pole space to pole height ratio and the total length of the street. The case study street light is located along IBB Avenue in Uyo, with latitude and longitude of 5.016982, 7.911769 respectively, path length of 2.2 km and daily energy demand of 125.8 kWh/day. The PVSyst simulation results show that the solar fraction is 0.993 which indicates that 99.3 % of the energy demand of the street light is supplied from the solar power while the remaining 0.7% of the energy demand is supplied form the backup generator. The total energy supplied by the generator is 375.7 kWh whereas the total annual energy generated from the PV array is 53739 kWh. The annual total of the energy demand is 46059 kWh while the annual total of the energy supplied to the street light from the solar power system is 46027 kWh. Also, the annual mean of the battery state of charge (SoC) is 80.3 %. Also, it is noted that the month of August alone has about 375.7 kWh energy supply from the backup generator with about 98 liters of fuel. Specifically, in a whole year, the backup generator will be used for only three days in August, namely, on the 13th, 14th and 15th of August, with the maximum supply of 239.8012 kWh occurring on the 14th day of August. Furthermore, the performance ratio (PR) of the system is 48.5%. In all, the results show that the solar power system is able to supply the required energy demand of the case study street light with only 0.7% deficit which is supplied from the backup generator.

Beyond the preservation of agricultural land – Identifying Austrian farmers’ farming-related interests in local spatial planning

With the EU aiming to secure agricultural land for food production, the relationship between spatial planning and agriculture has gained attention. However, little is known about farmers' interests regarding spatial planning. This study addresses this research gap by adopting an exploratory mixed-methods approach to examine farming-related interests regarding local spatial planning among Austrian farmers. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 farmers, followed by 12 semi-quantitative interviews and an online questionnaire survey completed by 430 farmers. Four main interests were identified: preservation of agricultural land, spatial separation of farms and residential areas, sufficiently wide roads and expansion opportunities for farm buildings. All identified interests could be shown to be rooted in the farmers' “self-interest” as derived from actor-centred institutionalism. Binomial logistic regression models identified predictors of the identified interests among farmer, farm and municipality characteristics. The results present farmers as individual actors with diverse interests reaching beyond the preservation of agricultural land. A knowledge base could be created, to support further research on farmers as stakeholders in spatial planning and to inform the integration of farmers’ interests in planning processes.

Characteristics, Roles and Challenges of Traffic Personnel: Implications toward Efficient Traffic Management System

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics, roles and challenges of traffic personnel and their implications toward efficient traffic management system in Bacolod City during the second quarter of calendar year 2018. A mixed methods research design was used which involved the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods by means of survey responded by 150 traffic personnel, key informant interview participated by 3 Barangay Captains and a City Councilor, and focus group discussion participated by 6 traffic personnel which were all selected through a purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, Mann- Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and IBM SPSS Version 19 were employed to analyze and present the data for quantitative part. While the qualitative part of the study, Thematic Analysis was utilized. The findings showed that traffic personnel who participated in the study were almost equally divided when grouped according to age, while majority were male, attained college level, have less than 7 years of experience and designated as traffic enforcer. Meanwhile, not all completed the required trainings. When it comes to their roles as traffic personnel, it showed that they are mainly managing traffic flow and implementing traffic rules and regulations in the roads. Moreover, it showed that majority of them are highly knowledgeable on City Ordinance 338, and there are no significant differences when they were grouped according to age, sex, educational attainment, and job designation. However, significant differences were found in their level of knowledge on the aforementioned ordinance when they were grouped according to length of service and trainings attended. On the other hand, it was found out that the top most challenge experienced by the participants is the arrogance of drivers. The lack of discipline which includes disregarding of traffic rules and regulations among drivers follows next. Ignorance of the traffic rules and regulations among road users, attitude of drivers, bad weather conditions, high volume of vehicles and road widening projects are also included in the short list of challenges encountered by traffic personnel in the City. Finally, results of this study were used in formulating an enhanced traffic management system program for Bacolod Traffic Authority Office.

Urban sustainable intervention to address the physical factor for degradation of visual place quality in the hilly urban region: A case of Manali town, Himachal Pradesh.

The depletion of urban aesthetics is a major issue in the urban hill town due to the rapid growth in urban infrastructure. The potential for growth in the urban hill town is at a very rapid state, which affects the local population and its ecological environment. Urban sustainable development in urban hill towns is a crucial challenge. This type of uneven development leads to a degradation of the visual quality of place in hill towns, which defines the overall evaluative image of the town’s urbanscape. Manali is located in the northern part of the Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh, India. This study intends to investigate the physical parameters of this decline and assess possible solutions for improving hill towns’ visual quality. The study’s thorough grasp of the problem and its possible solutions is based on the author’s integration of concepts from several different domains, such as urban design, planning, and architecture. This research emphasises the vital role of visual aesthetics in enhancing quality of life of both inhabitants and visitors to the region. Furthermore, it determines the adverse effects of decreased perception. The research proposes approaches to enhance the deteriorated visual quality of the urban environment in Manali, a hilly town. These strategies comprise augmenting public spaces, giving priority to pedestrian infrastructure, and encouraging community participation in the design procedure. The research is based on enhancing the visual place quality of areas within Manali town, including Manali town, old Manali, the ISBT, the Tibetan colony, and the mall area, utilising surveys based on questionnaires and dimensions of visual place quality. The study implemented the Analytic Hierarchy Process methodology to evaluate and rank various physical factors. The results yielded viable solutions, such as the enhancement of street squares, sidewalks, and widths, as well as the revision of planning and development regulations and legislation. The findings of the research may have potential applications in identical topographically undulating areas.

DESIGNING A COMPACT FIREFIGHTING VEHICLE FOR NARROW RESIDENTIAL AREAS ON THE BASE OF A LAWN MOWER

With the explosion of urbanization, more and more small residential areas with high population density, tiny houses, and narrow roads are formed. As a result, it is challenging for large fire engines to penetrate these areas in the event of a fire incident. In this paper, a compact firefighting vehicle was designed based on the SNAPPER LT140H331KV lawn mower. The vehicle is equipped with a water sprayer system and a folding frame water tank. The water sprayer system transmits power from the lawn mower transmission’s power take-off shaft via the belt and chain drive, which can spray water at a height of about 13 m with a flow rate of 38 L/min. The 500-liter folding frame water tank has a rectangular shape that can be folded and dragged as a trailer. The water sprayer system and folding frame water tank not only have a simple, compact structure but also do not affect the lawn mowing function. This fire truck has a maximum speed of about 15 km/h and can move in a minimal road width of only 1.3 m, which is accommodation for residential areas within a 1÷2 km radius with narrow roads, high density of population and houses in least developed and developing countries (e.g., Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), where the normal fire engines are difficult to access in time. Besides, the vehicle can be used for watering and spraying pesticides on gardens and small premises. The study has proposed a valuable solution to take advantage of vehicle functions to improve their convenience and usefulness.

Design of High Transmission Frequency Circuit for Multiturn Small Loop Transient Electromagnetic Detection

Limited by urban road width and other factors, urban TEM detection can only use multiturn small loop as the transmitting coil. The traditional TEM transmitting circuit cannot transmit high frequency repetitive pulse for such large inductance coil. In order to solve this problem, a high transmission frequency circuit is proposed and built in this paper, which can clamp both the rising and falling edges of the emission current, and effectively improve the frequency. The repeated transmission frequency of 250 Hz for 0.73 mH coil at current of 30 A is realized. The circuit effectively improves the strong magnetic field excitation ability, which is of positive significance for the application of multiturn small loop TEM in urban environment.

The intelligent decision model for determine the best path of transportation on smart city using random forest algorithm and bayesian optimization (RF-BO)

This study investigates various approaches and algorithms in the context of object detection and best path determination for managing vehicular traffic in an urban environment, particularly in Palembang city. This research is a step towards the development of smart city concept. In the object detection analysis, we applied the YOLOv3 method on video footage to identify vehicles, resulting in mAP accuracy rates between 72.72% to 79.35% for both motorcycle and car categories. The total detection accuracy of the model reached 76.03%. Next, we adopted the Random Forest algorithm to classify traffic conditions into three classes: smooth, moderate, and congested. After optimizing the algorithm with Bayesian Optimization, the model accuracy increased from 89% to 92%, while the classification accuracy increased from 91.66% to 92.36%. Results from the application of the A* Heuristic Search algorithm revealed that lane 5 (from SMK PGRI 1 Palembang to Bom Baru Jl Perintis Kemerdekaan Arah Charitas (STMIK MBC)) was selected most frequently in 9 out of 12time trials. The selection of this route was based on an evaluation of traffic levels that tended to be "smooth" and the shortest travel distance compared to other alternative routes. The decision in choosing the optimal path also considers the road width factor, where wider roads have the potential to reduce traffic density and the risk of congestion.

Automated Road Extraction and Analysis from LiDAR Point Cloud Data Using Local Optimization

Applying point cloud data to road analysis is crucial for obtaining practical features for segmenting and classifying road point clouds. This study proposes a multi-step method for extracting road points and road network structures from urban Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data. The first step is a two-step algorithm of coarse grid classification and local optimization of point cloud fine classification. This step extracts road point clouds from various parts of the city. The second step involves the road-point cloud splicing work. Finally, we extract the urban road network structure according to the point cloud of the urban main road and calculate the width of each road. We evaluate the method's feasibility using four urban road point clouds. Experimental results show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately extract road points, obtaining a road data accuracy and integrity of >94% and a road width estimated relative error of <7%.

Optimal planning of safety improvements on road sites belonging to different categories within large networks: An integrated multi-layer framework

Planning road safety interventions on large road networks implies several layers of complexity in the decision-making process. In fact, the following simultaneous problems should be addressed: estimating safety performances on the different road elements of the network, identifying sites showing high potential for improvement with respect to reference values, defining the possible types of safety measures to be implemented and their anticipated effect on traffic safety, limiting the number of interventions given fixed budget constraints.This study proposes an integrated multi-layer framework which takes into account the above-defined problems into a single optimization procedure which provides the number and type of safety interventions to be implemented over a wide road network composed of different categories of road elements. The proposed framework is based on the following peculiar aspects: the potential for safety improvement is quantitatively assessed based on the estimation of safety performances for each road category, a bi-level thresholding process integrated in the optimization process is used to highlight sites for interventions, the anticipated outcome of safety measures is quantitatively assessed as well through available crash reduction factors.The proposed methodology is applied to a case study which analyzes a sample of real roads belonging to a province-wide road network composed of various road elements (i.e., different categories of segments and intersections), under different budget constraints. Results demonstrate the applicability and flexibility of the proposed approach, which could be used for planning purposes, independently of the particular geographic location. Clearly, the approach is valid at the planning stage, given that several details of the different layers of analysis are necessarily simplified, while they should be studied in detail at the single intervention project stage.

Methane emission mapping and quantification in two medium-sized cities in Germany: Heidelberg and Schwetzingen

Estimating the contribution of cities to regional and global methane (CH4) budgets is challenging due to the complex infrastructures of cities. Mobile measurement devices are well suited to detect CH4 sources via real-time ambient air measurements. Surveys involving mobile CH4 measurements were conducted from May 2020 to July 2021 at the street level in two medium-sized cities in Germany. With coverage levels of 30% and 65% of the road networks in Heidelberg and Schwetzingen, respectively, Leak Indications (LIs) for CH4 were observed with mole fractions of 100 to 9500 ppb above background. A minor portion of leaks (2 out of 70) was attributed to the sewer system, but most leaks originated from the gas distribution network with 0.48 LIs per km obtained in Heidelberg and 0.08 LIs per km determined in Schwetzingen. A method to assign an emission rate to all LIs developed by Weller et al. (2019) was assessed and adapted via controlled CH4 release experiments in Heidelberg. The method was modified for cities with smaller street widths and smaller distances from the leak to the measurement device. The annual total street-level CH4 emissions calculated for Heidelberg and Schwetzingen were 42 ± 17 and 1.5 ± 0.5 t CH4 yr−1 (1sigma), respectively, corresponding to 0.26 ± 0.11 and 0.03 ± 0.01 kg CH4 yr−1 per capita, respectively.

An Efficient Road Traffic Modeling through a Novel Real Time Traffic Simulator

Dynamic traffic control is a challenging task that involves meeting rising traffic demands and cutting down on intersection delays. The existing yellow/red/green light fixed transition periods used by traffic controllers make it impossible for them to adapt to changing real-time traffic conditions at intersections. Furthermore, it would be impractical to hire traffic officers for every intersection throughout the day due to a lack of personnel, and even if sufficient personnel are available, it would be a very expensive set up. A fuzzy based traffic model was designed and simulated in real time conditions using the developed traffic simulator algorithm to control the traffic jamming at road intersections. The developed fuzzy model was based on three fuzzy inputs and its performance was measured for 13 cases of varying road width. The developed model outperformed the traditional fixed-time delay model in all the cases and the level of improvement was further increased when the congestion was high. Narrower roads were more congested and the improvement with fuzzy systems as compared to its fixed time delay counterparts was as high as 26%. This research findings clearly support the use of fuzzy logic for handling the most challenging problem of traffic congestion in densely populated regions.

Spatial variability of fine particle number concentration in an urban area: The effect of aspect ratio and vehicular traffic

The condensation particle number counting (CPC) technique was used to measure the number concentration of fine particles (FPs) from 20 to 1000 nm in several monitoring campaigns inside an urban area, with the aim of studying the spatial variability inside the urban area at pedestrian level and its correlation with aspect ratio H/W (height of buildings/street width) and local traffic. The effect of aspect ratio on the FP concentrations was studied in the range of 0 ≤ H/W ≤ 4.04. To study the effect of local traffic on FP concentrations, measurements were carried out in adjacent and with similar geometrics (building height, street width, and aspect ratio) pedestrian and traffic-streets. Vertical profiles were also studied measuring FP concentration in a deep street canyon at heights from 1 to 12 m. The study shows a significant impact of local traffic on FP concentrations (traffic streets 2.7 times higher than pedestrian streets). With the increase of the value of the aspect ratio, FP concentrations exceed European averages. Additionally, It was observed a clear decrease in FP concentrations with height in deep street canyons. These results emphasize the importance of aspect ratio and local traffic when assessing the impact of FPs pollution.

Enhanced mine road monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles and deep-learning approach

Mine roads are highly vulnerable to deterioration as a result of substantial vehicular traffic and excessive precipitation. Therefore, it is critical to incorporate safety monitoring of the mining road infrastructure into mining operations. This study aims to extract mining road objects and classify road conditions using the geometric standards of mining road safety. The study area comprised one of the pits of Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Berau Coal, Indonesia. This study developed a novel approach utilizing geospatial artificial intelligence that integrates drones, deep learning, and spatial geometry to monitor road conditions in terms of geometrical aspects such as slope, road width, turning angle, and cross-fall. The detection results of the mining road resulted in 30 parameter combination schemes, with the optimal scheme consisting of a combination of an 87.5% model overlap, a 512 × 512 tile size, and a 0.3 m pixel resolution. This scheme achieved an accuracy of 89%. Furthermore, the spatial geometric analysis results revealed that 64% of the grade standards, 90% of the turning angles, 61% of the cross-falls, and 51% of the road widths in the mining road area conformed to the internal mine road standards of PT Berau Coal. The method developed in this study can also be applied to other mining areas. The mining road monitoring method developed in this study can improve the mining road standard and may be applied in other mining operations to improve efficiency and safety.

Analysis of the Effects of Highway Geometric Design Features on the Frequency of Truck-Involved Rear-End Crashes Using the Random Effect Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model

Statistical data indicate that trucks are more prone to rear-end crashes, making this an area of concern. The objective of this study is to create a model that analyzes the factors influencing the frequency of rear-end crashes involving trucks (TIRC). To achieve this, researchers identified the most appropriate model as Spatial Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression (SZINB). This model takes into account spatial correlation, which plays a significant role in the occurrences of TIRC on different road segments supervised by each highway ward. The estimation of parameters in the SZINB model has led to key findings that shed light on the factors contributing to a higher likelihood of TIRC. These findings include the increased probability of TIRC on curved roads compared to straight ones, roads that feature open middle islands, six lanes per direction, a slope, right-of-way shoulder width, pavement type, lane width, and a post speed limit. Based on these key findings, this study developed policy recommendations and sample measures aimed at reducing the frequency of TIRC. Implementing measures such as improving the road design on curved sections, optimizing middle islands, and enhancing traffic management on wider roads can help mitigate the risk of crashes involving trucks.