Road Transport Safety Research Articles

Nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis of vehicle impacts into road restraint systems

Despite that the safety of cars is continuously increasing, improving the safety of road transportation remains a key issue of modern society. The design of suitable road restraint systems plays an important role. As the tests of barriers are technically demanding and expensive, and road traffic intensity is continuously growing, it is crucial to develop advanced models that would make it possible to explore various scenarios under which road vehicles may accidently impact into the road restraint barrier. The submitted study focuses on the use of nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis (NLDFEA) in the reliability assessment of road restraint systems, with a particular focus on steel barriers subjected to impacts by heavy vehicles. The outcomes of theoretical analyses are compared with the results in a compiled unique database of full-scale road barrier impact test results. It appears that a good match between crash test results and the validated NLDFEA model can be achieved, differences being mostly within a range of 10 %. When modelling the crashes of buses and HGVs, it is particularly important to model correctly shape and geometry of the front and impacting side of the vehicle, tyre sizes, wheelbase and overall truck dimensions, and position of the centre of gravity of the vehicle including trailer and cargo. Recommendations for subsequent research studies and for practical applications are finally provided.

AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS: COMPARISON OF TRAINING METHODS’ EFFECTIVENESS

The second decade of the 21st century saw the introduction of vehicles equipped with various driver assistance systems. However, the producers' plans go much further. In January 2023, Mercedes-Benz's DRIVE PILOT system was approved for use on public roads in Nevada (United States) as the first and so far only SAE Level 3 series-production solution. Despite increasing automation, the human factor remains important for the safety and efficiency of road transport. In the coming years, and possibly decades, this will mainly be due to the co-existence of vehicles with varying degrees of automation and necessary driver-vehicle interactions in cases where an automated driving system crosses the boundaries of the operational design domain. The latest research reveals the limitations of driving assistance systems, pointing not only to the need for changes in the technological domain but also to the need to pay more attention to the psychological aspects of using assistance systems in cognitive and behavioral areas. Therefore, an additional element of automation implementation should be considered, which is driver training focused on modern technological solutions. Properly arranged and conducted training can be treated as an additional factor facilitating the implementation of automated mobility. The article describes the methods of assessing the effectiveness of training in terms of familiarizing drivers with the functions that automate driving. The authors present the results of tests carried out on a driving simulator with an implemented Level 4 system (according to SAE classification). Three forms of knowledge transfer were analyzed: practical training, e-learning, and training with a short user manual. The results were compared in terms of driver-vehicle interaction effectiveness (e.g., system activation), ensuring that the driver is sufficiently reactive in dangerous situations and understands the limitations of the system. The research was conducted on a group of 81 drivers aged 18–65. Driver training was one of the main pillars of the Trustonomy project, which received funding from the EU research and innovation program Horizon 2020 under grant agreement No. 815003.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Regional Road Transport Safety Service Level

Ensuring road transport safety is a critical imperative for regional development and public welfare. This abstract outline a comprehensive evaluation framework designed to assess the service level of regional road transport safety. The proposed methodology integrates diverse parameters, encompassing infrastructure, technology, policy, and human factors, to provide a holistic understanding of the safety landscape. Using real-time data integration and powerful analytics, the assessment system combines quantitative and qualitative indicators. Technology aspects of infrastructure evaluations centre on the effectiveness of automated transportation systems and their influence on accident reduction; architecture evaluations also cover the layout of roads, advertising, and maintenance requirements. Policy evaluation is examining current laws and the ways in which they are enforced while considering how they affect the behaviour of drivers and public safety. The proposed method uses DCNN method for intelligent road transport safety. Using DCNN algorithms to monitor and regulate traffic congestion in smart cities represents a significant leap in the use of deep learning in traffic management.

Efficiency Estimation of Road Transport Safety in Iranian Provinces under Uncertainty Conditions

Efficiency Estimation of Road Transport Safety in Iranian Provinces under Uncertainty Conditions

Truck Driving Assessment for Chinese Logistics and Transportation Companies Based on a Safety Climate Test System

By applying the “safety atmosphere” measurement theory to Chinese management companies engaged in road transportation, a corporate and individual safety risk assessment system was established that is consistent with the management and cultural climate in China, thereby reducing the driving safety risk of truck drivers. The system realizes the safety risk assessment of enterprises, fleets and individuals in the form of test scales by constructing a structural model of the enterprise safety atmosphere, including the management, communication, and supervision of enterprises, fleets, and individuals. The safety climate was modeled using a two-level framework, at the organizational level and fleet level, and three dimensions of test items for each level were obtained by exploratory factor analysis. The three dimensions of safety management, safety supervision, and safety priority at the organizational level, and the three dimensions of positive communication, safety awareness, and self-discipline at the fleet level, respectively, passed a valid factorial test (p < 0.01). Finally, the validity of the system evaluation results was verified by relying on the actual in-vehicle monitoring data and accident records of the corporate transportation fleet. The results show that the total test scores at the organizational level and the fleet level are significantly correlated with their driving risk behaviors, and both are linearly and negatively correlated with the number of accidents per thousand kilometers. This indicates a high degree of consistency between the system’s test results and actual risky accidents.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES BASED ON THE ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is garnering significant attention and anticipation for its contribution to the teaching and learning process at the Polytechnic of Road Transportation Safety in Indonesia. Consequently, this study offers valuable insights into the perceptions of cadets at a vocational college regarding the significance of the ESP course within the transportation engineering program. Specifically, this paper aims to explore the cadets' perspective on the role of ESP in their future careers. By conducting a qualitative descriptive study, four types of questionnaires were administered to a total of ninety second-year cadets who are pursuing a major in transport engineering. The findings reveal that the cadets/students recognize the importance of ESP as a crucial subject that supports their future employment prospects. Moreover, they acknowledge the appropriate allocation of time to ESP within their curriculum, recognizing its necessity for their academic success and eventual career advancement. Understanding the importance of ESP is crucial for cadets aspiring to work in the industry. Cadets must have a strong motivation to learn and familiarize themselves with core engineering concepts in order to establish themselves as competitive engineers on a global scale.

The Classification of Work and Offenses of Professional Drivers from Slovakia and the Czech Republic

To achieve the elimination of the negative impacts of transport on road safety, the European Union is taking various measures resulting from its commitment to improve road safety. The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of social legislation on road transport safety using real research and to identify the factors influencing the violation of the legislation depending on the type of transport carried out in domestic or international road freight transport. Answers from the respondents are used in the segmentation of truck drivers based on input data describing the factors influencing the violation of traffic rules. Two-step cluster analysis is a suitable method for the segmentation of truck drivers based on input data. These data are obtained through a questionnaire from a total of 472 Czech and Slovak truck drivers. The results show that the optimal number of types of truck drivers with different characteristics is four. All of the clusters are described and compared. The majority of truck drivers do not violate social legislation for several reasons, such as traffic accidents (almost 67%), complications in meeting the loading or unloading deadline (less than 88%), poorly planned transport routes (more than 90%) and driving home (almost 80%).

Trajectory Interception Classification for Prediction of Collision Scope between Moving Objects

In the fields of autonomous navigation and vehicle safety, accurately predicting potential collision field points between moving objects is a significant challenge. A novel computing technique to enhance trajectory interception analysis is presented in this paper. Our objective is to develop a field model that can accurately forecast collision zones, improving road transportation safety and the use of autonomous cars. Our main contribution is a binary classification model called PCSMO (Prediction of Collision Scope between Moving Objects), which is based on zero-shot learning. Gann angles, which are typically 45 degrees, are used to analyze the trajectories of moving objects. This method is inspired by GANN (Gann Angle Numeric Nomenclature). Compared to earlier techniques, this model more accurately identifies potential collision collision interception zones. The technique computes Gann angles for trajectory analysis and extracts GPS coordinates of moving objects from video data using OpenCV. It offers a more sophisticated comprehension of object movement patterns and points of interception. To assess the precision, recall, F1-score, and prediction accuracy of our model, we employ 10-fold cross-validation. Comparing the PCSMO model to existing models, these metrics demonstrate how well the PCSMO model predicts potential collision zones. Our approach, we discovered, enhances trajectory analysis—a critical component of safer autonomous navigation systems. With potential applications in autonomous vehicle and UAV safety, the PCSMO model improves field interception classification.

Road Transportation Safety Through Community Empowerment

Road Transportation Safety Through Community Empowerment

МЕТОДИКА ДЛЯ УТОЧНЕНИЯ АКТУАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО НЕЙТРАЛИЗАТОРА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАПУСКА ХОЛОДНОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ЛЕГКОВОГО АВТОМОБИЛЯ

The article focuses on ensuring the environmental safety of road transport through the study of the system «Conditions for starting a cold engine - Vehicle - Environmental indicators achieved when the heat flow of the mixture exits the catalytic converter». A mathematical model of the functioning of a catalytic converter under conditions of starting a cold car engine has been developed. The developed scheme of the algorithm for clarifying the current environmental indicators of the functioning of the catalytic converter under conditions of starting a cold passenger car engine represents the relationship of theoretical and experimental studies to determine the probabilistic parameters of the system.

Research on the Setting Scheme of Heavy or Bulky Freight Transportation markings in China Based on International Experience

Due to the characteristics of oversized size and weight, slow driving speed and other characteristics, heavy or bulky freight transportation(HBRFT) brings potential hazards to road transportation safety. It’s very helpful for other vehicles identifying HBRFT vehicles on the road by setting clear markings. Referring to European experience and combining with China’s actual situation, the paper proposed some considerations on the setting scheme of HBRFT markings. Firstly, the paper analyzed several parts of the HBRFT markings in Europe which conclude the front sign and markings, rear markings, side markings and projection markings. Then the paper provided the setting scheme of markings in china. Finally, the paper proposed relevant policy recommendations for the promotion and application of HBRFT markings. The paper has important reference for improving the safety and standardized operation of HBRFT in China.

Comprehensive Analysis of Road Surface Irregularities: Cause, Effect and Mitigation Strategies

Abstract: The quality of road facilities is a critical measure of a nation's economic development and overall quality of life. In India, where road transportation is the strength of connectivity, the prevalence of road surface irregularities has emerged as a significant challenge. The present paper aims to systematically examine the multifaceted aspects of road surface irregularities in India. The study begins by providing an overview of the importance of road infrastructure in the Indian context and its insinuations for economic growth and societal well-being. It then delves into the various factors contributing to road surface irregularities, including construction materials, climatic conditions, and traffic volume and maintenance practices. Furthermore, the literature highlights the hostile heightened transportation costs Finally, this paper concludes with insights into the future prospects and challenges in managing effects of road surface irregularities on road users, such as increased accidents, vehicle tear and wear, and road surface irregularities in the Indian context, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches that integrate technological advancements, policy reforms, and sustainable practices to ensure safe and efficient road transportation. This paper serves as a comprehensive examination of the complexities surrounding road surface quality in India and provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working towards improving the nation's road infrastructure.

Driving Safety Education for Bus Drivers During Christmas and New Year 2023-2024 at Mengwi Terminal

Traffic and Road Transport Safety is a condition where everyone is protected from the risk of accidents during traffic caused by humans, road vehicles and/or the environment. The importance of safety when driving must be a common awareness of both the general public, drivers, operators and the government. Mengwi Terminal is the only Type A terminal in Bali Province which is located on the Mengwi-Mengwitani road, Mengwitani Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency. Mengwi Terminal is a center for public transportation activities, especially inter-city, inter-provincial (AKAP) transportation routes. The aim of this Community Service in the form of counseling on driving safety for bus drivers is to provide information and advice to bus drivers so that driving is safer, namely driving the vehicle carefully, maintaining a safe distance, not using a mobile phone (HP) while driving, get enough rest, speed at safe limits or in accordance with the information on the signs, use a safety belt and always ensure that the vehicle is in a roadworthy condition. Counseling is carried out directly by conveying driving safety issues to several bus drivers operating at the Mengwi Terminal. This outreach activity was successfully carried out with the delivery of information and advice regarding driving safety to bus drivers at several operating bus companies.

Analyzing the Risk Factors of Hazardous Chemical Road Transportation Accidents Based on Grounded Theory and a Bayesian Network

With the increase in the production and use of hazardous chemicals in China, road transportation safety issues are becoming increasingly prominent. To study the causes of road transportation accidents involving hazardous chemicals, prevent accident occurrence, and realize the safety and sustainable development of the transportation of hazardous chemicals, we combined grounded theory (GT) and a Bayesian network (BN) model to quantify the causal relationship of the interactions among the influencing factors leading to hazardous chemical road transportation accidents that occurred in China in the period of 2017–2020. The influencing factors of these accidents were classified into 5 core categories, 12 main categories, and 28 categories through the GT method, and then a BN-based model was established for these collected accidents. The conditional probability and posterior probability of each influencing factor leading to an accident were determined through BN learning, and then the causal relationship of the interactions between the influencing factors was quantified. The results indicated that the probability of road transportation accidents involving hazardous chemicals considered in this study reaches 72.5% under the combined influence of various factors, and the most likely causal chain of an accident is that equipment failure during the hazardous chemical transportation process contributes to an Unsafe Tanker State, which in turn leads to an accident. The sensitivity analysis confirmed that the key impact factor of hazardous chemical road transportation accidents is equipment failure, followed by improper operation. Overall, this study presents a reference and a foundation for avoiding or reducing risks as much as possible during daily hazardous chemical road transportation operations and risk supervision, realizing safe, sustainable development.

Evaluation of Regional Road Transport Safety Service Level With Edge Computing in Scalable Sensor and Actuator Networks

In contemporary society, road transport has assumed a pivotal role in the daily lives of individuals, with virtually everyone being a road user in one capacity or another. Unfortunately, a significant portion of road accidents stem from user negligence and a lack of awareness regarding road safety principles and regulations. The majority of these accidents are fundamentally a result of human errors, errors that could potentially be averted through the comprehensive utilization of technology. The integration of edge computing within actuator networks, combined with the scalability of sensors, holds the potential to proactively detect and prevent impending collisions. This cutting-edge approach not only accumulates and processes sensor-generated data but also employs it to mitigate the occurrence of road accidents. This discussion delves into the potential advantages offered by smart sensors and advanced technology, focusing on the enhancement of safety within transportation networks. The core attributes of these intelligent technologies facilitate the establishment of robust connectivity and the effective implementation of processes, ushering in an innovative era in the realm of road safety through smart technology.

Vision Zero and Impaired Driving: Near and Longer-Term Opportunities for Preventing Death and Injuries

Vision Zero involves the use of a systems approach to eliminate fatal and serious injuries from motor vehicle crashes by accommodating basic human limitations that lead to crashes through fundamental behavioral expectations, together with sound vehicle and road design.Alcohol-related crashes account for a significant proportion of motor vehicle crash death and injury and can be addressed in a safe road transport system. We look at near-term policy and program interventions that are known to motivate drivers to make safe drinking and driving decisions, and possibilities for using technology over the longer term to address risks resulting from driver impairment that is either inadvertent or willful high-risk behavior.From the Vision Zero perspective,”normal driving” refers to a situation where traffic and road users are operating as desired and planned. A driver in this normal driving envelope operates at a safe speed, wears a seat belt, focuses on the driving task, and is not impaired. A safe system accommodates human errors, mistakes, and misjudgments in the normal driving envelope. However, it may not be capable of compensating for deliberate violations and rule-breaking.A critical role of behavioral programs and policies is to motivate safe decisions by drivers and other road users and keep them in the normal driving envelope where they can be protected from unintentional errors by a safe system. While much progress has been made in developing and implementing impaired driving policies and programs, much potential remains in the their ability to motivate drivers to meet the fundamental expectations required in a safe system. Examples of behavioral programs and policies that have strong evidence of effectiveness but are underutilized in the U.S. include conducting periodic sobriety checkpoints, lowering the blood alcohol concentration limit for driving, and mandating the use of ignition interlock devices. While the specific interventions may differ, it is likely that the same situation of incomplete implementation of behavioral programs and policies - and consequent unrealized value to a comprehensive safe system - applies to many other nations.To reach the goal of zero deaths, a comprehensive Vision Zero program needs to address the problem of deliberate risk-taking, which can include driver impairment from alcohol or other causes and extend to dangerous and reckless driving. Advanced safety technologies offer a range of opportunities for this purpose. Cars available today and in the future will have a plethora of sensors that monitor circumstances inside and around the car. These systems can identify whether a driver is in their safe driving envelope and respond with interventions that are appropriate for the severity and nature of the risk. Interventions could range from those that are not perceivable to the driver, such as putting driver assist systems into active mode, to stronger steps such as limiting or preventing vehicle operation.Zero fatalities or serious injuries in motor vehicle crashes is possible with a systems approach that accommodates human errors and mistakes that occur with the normal driving envelope and incorporates effective responses to deliberate risk-taking outside of this envelope.

State efficiency estimation method in the road and transport environment according to the criterion of "zero death"

Considered in the article, the method for assessing the effectiveness of conditions in the road transport environment according to the criterion of "zero mortality" in road accidents is aimed at developing an effective approach and targeted actions in the field of ensuring road safety in road transport. The necessity of a systematic approach to ensure the audit of places of concentration of road accidents is substantiated. A conceptual model of an information system and the fact of an accident event as a mass event in a complex road and transport environment has been developed, which includes interacting connections of subsystems, factors of an emergency situation, the causes of an accident in the system "road user—vehicle—road—environment". An information system has been developed to reduce the impact of negative factors in the occurrence of road accidents in DTS. Combinations of possible variants of RTA and mutually exclusive properties of the information states of the environment are determined. Keywords: road safety, systems approach, complex system, zero mortality, traffic accident

Quality Public Road Transport Service as an Effective Delivery Component of Supply Chain Process in Nigeria

The Nigerian public transport system is a major delivery component of supply chain process. This research evaluates the quality of public road transport service in Nigeria, focusing on three key factors which are time, comfort and safety. Transport operators only focus on making profits and not on the satisfaction of the consumers. A statistical analysis was performed using the Reliability statistics test and opinions and attitudes were grouped using a Likert scale. It was observed that for attributes measured on a scale of 1 to 4, the mean rating was below 2, for attributes measured on a scale of 1 to 5, the mean rating was below 2.5 and for the attribute measured on a scale of 1 to 3, the mean rating was below 1.5 indicating that the expectation of public transport users are not met and the services are highly unsatisfactory. It was also further discovered that in 2004 the Federal Road Safety brought forth the RTSSS (Road transport Safety Standardization Scheme), which contains the rules and regulations that should govern every public road transport company. The data acquired for this research points to the fact that, the transport company owners in Nigeria do not follow up to twenty percent (20%) of the RTSSS guidelines. After these discoveries, this research goes further to giving recommendations to enhance the quality of service provided and move the Nigerian public road transport service further

Electrification of road transport in Russia

In this article a brief description of methods for improving the environmental safety of road transport is given. An analysis of the dynamics of electric vehicles sales in the world and in Russia is presented. Features of the development of the electric vehicles segment in Russia are considered. Keywords: electrification, electric vehicles, sales of electric vehicles, development of the electromobility industry in Russia, measures to support electric vehicles

A Taxonomy and Analysis of Misbehaviour Detection in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems: A Systematic Review

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) is one of the proposed solutions to improve the safety and efficiency of road transport. However, C-ITS is prone to misbehaviours that can cause devastating effects such as road accidents and potential loss of life. While there are several research studies including technical studies and surveys that discuss misbehaviour detection in C-ITS, they tend to focus on specific aspects of misbehaviour detection and do not provide a comprehensive and unified coverage. With the objective of serving as a reference for future researchers, this study provides a comprehensive survey of misbehaviour detection in C-ITS. It identifies and discusses the key causes of misbehaviour in C-ITS, and the mechanisms used to detect them. Additionally, it proposes a thematic taxonomy on misbehaviour detection based on a comparative analysis of the technical studies. Furthermore, the existing solutions from the state-of-the-art and their shortcomings are also presented. Finally, this study highlights several significant research challenges and discusses future research directions in the area of misbehaviour detection in C-ITS. In doing so, this study contributes to the existing literature in an important field of study.