Traffic Accidents Research Articles

Efficient Deep Learning Methods for Detecting Road Accidents by Analyzing Traffic Accident Images

Speed is one of the major factors in car crashes. Many lives could have been saved if emergency services had been alerted to the disaster and arrived in time. For the sake of protecting valuable human lives, an effective automatic accident detection system with prompt reporting of the accident scene to emergency services is essential. Therefore, this research proposes some effective Deep Learning techniques that properly recognize the incidence of accidents. The paper introduces two different techniques for image classification, with a particular focus on distinguishing between accident and non-accident images. The dataset used for the proposed model is taken from Kaggle, which is a collection of CCTV images. The first approach is a hybridized TL-ML method that employs transfer learning techniques that use different pre-trained versions of convolutional neural networks to extract features from image datasets. These extracted features are then fed into various machine learning classifiers to categorize the images as either Accident or Non-accident. To make the final decision, a voting classifier is utilized to choose the best classification outcome from the set of previously employed machine learning classifiers. In the second method, a modified Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) called SpinalNet is adopted. The performance of these models was evaluated by comparing them with each other and with a customized CNN base model. SpinalNet consistently surpassed the other models in terms of Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and Accuracy, demonstrating its outstanding capabilities.

Real-Time Freeway Crash Detection Framework using Connected Vehicle Waypoint Data

Accurate and timely detection of traffic accidents is crucial for transportation agencies seeking swift responses and effective traffic management, particularly on freeways where crash severity and traffic flow disruptions are amplified. While several methods have been developed using cameras or infrastructure-mounted sensors, these approaches may face challenges in geographical scalability. To address this issue, a novel approach has been developed that leverages real-time connected vehicle trajectories at a market penetration rate of 4%–9%. The method involves extracting five key features from individual journeys that sense the speed and acceleration fluctuations. The results demonstrate promising outcomes, achieving an overall accuracy of 63.5% with 4.1% false detections and 33.4% non-detections. This accuracy surpasses the speed-alone model using the same data by 24%. Furthermore, higher traffic volumes lead to even greater accuracy, exceeding 80% at level of service D and 90% at level of service E. The developed algorithm also exhibits precision in crash detection, with a mean latency of only 2.5 min after the actual incidents. The entire processing time may additionally add up to 1 min. The robustness of the model is tested for a single day on one of the interstates, providing promising results. This study highlights the potential of connected vehicle data in enhancing crash prediction methods and underlines its value for the safety and efficiency of future transportation systems.

Shedding Light on Hidden Methamphetamine Abuse: A Nation-wide 7-year Post-mortem Study in Taiwan.

The number of methamphetamine-related deaths has been increasing in recent decades. However, current data primarily rely on a few large-scale national surveys, highlighting the need for diverse data sources. Post-mortem studies offer advantages that compensate for the limitations of cohort studies. In this study, we aimed to (1) examine mortality rates and years of potential life lost, (2) compare proportionate mortality with previous cohort studies, and (3) quantitatively investigate causes of death as potential risk factors associated with each manner of death. We analyzed 740 cases from 2013 to 2019 in Taiwan. The mean age of cases was 38.4 years, with a notable loss of 30 or more years of potential life, and 79.6% were male. The crude mortality rate was 0.45 per 100,000 person-years. The proportionate mortality indicated that autopsy dataset, compared to cohort studies, provided more accurate estimations for accidental deaths, equivalent suicides, underestimated natural deaths, and overestimated homicides. Accidental deaths were evident in 67% of cases with 80% attributed to drug intoxication. Multiple substances were detected in 61% of cases, with psychiatric medications detected in 43% of cases. Higher methamphetamine concentrations and a greater proportion of multiple substances and benzodiazepines were detected in suicidal deaths. Among accidental deaths, traffic accidents (7.9%) were the second most common cause, particularly motorcycle riders. Using autopsy dataset as a secondary source, we identified that over half of the cases involved drug intoxication-related accidental deaths. The significant proportion of cases involving multiple substances, psychiatric medications, and drug-impaired driving raises concerns.

6874 A Rare Case Of Hereditary 1,25 (OH)2D Resistant Rickets

Abstract Disclosure: G. Umarji: None. F. Thelmo: None. S.A. Jabbour: None. Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2A (VDDR2A) also known as hereditary 1,25 (OH)2D resistant rickets is due to biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding vitamin D receptor on chromosome 12q13.11, thus, it represents a true form of tissue resistance to vitamin D. It is a scarce form of rickets with approximately only 120 cases reported. A 37-year-old male was referred to endocrinology by neurosurgery for evaluation of metabolic bone disease. Seven years ago, he was in a car accident which resulted in a lumbar spine injury causing radiculopathy and severe low back pain leading to lumbar spine decompression/fusion. However, he suffered from nonunion of bones and had to undergo another surgery a year later with recurrent postoperative nonunion of bones. During the operation, the surgeon noticed that his spine seemed demineralized. He had a history of multiple minor fractures in childhood, decreased hearing in left ear for two years, fragile teeth for many years, and some hair loss since age 30. Physical exam showed a height of 1.82 m, weight 89.3 kg with body mass index of 26 kg/m2, broken teeth, no leg bowing and normal stance. Laboratory results showed normal renal function, thyroid function tests and testosterone level, corrected calcium 8.3 mg/dL (8.7-10.2), 25-OH-vitamin D 54 ng/mL (30-100), phosphorus 2.8 mg/dL (2.8-4.1), intact parathyroid hormone 65 pg/mL (15-65), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase 21 mcg/L (4-27), 24-hour urine calcium 156 mg/day (100-300), 24-hour urine phosphorus 1,752 mg/day (390-1,425), FGF-23: 93 RU/mL (44-215) and 1,25 (OH)2D 92 pg/mL (24-81.5). Dual absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and hip showed osteopenia with Z scores of -2.2 and -1.2 respectively. Genetic testing for metabolic bone disease panel showed heterozygous mutation in VDR gene at nucleotide position c.146+9dup associated with autosomal recessive VDDR2A. We present a very rare form of vitamin D resistant rickets. As many patients with VDDR2A are unable to respond to any form of vitamin D, it is suggested that VDDR2 be more appropriately described as hereditary 1,25 (OH)2D resistant rickets (HVDRR), hereditary resistance to 1,25 (OH)2D, or even pseudovitamin D-deficiency type IIA (PDDR IIA). Clinical features include severe rickets, bone pain, hypotonia, dental caries and alopecia. Biochemical features include hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, normal to elevated alkaline phosphatase, normal 25(OH)D and importantly, elevated 1,25-(OH)2D levels. Management is with high doses of calcium and vitamin D therapy. While rare, this disease highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic bone diseases and a thorough understanding of calcium and vitamin D metabolism. Presentation: 6/2/2024

7635 Severe Osteoporosis in a Patient with Heterotopic Calcification: A Case Report

Abstract Disclosure: D. Salih Bacha: None. L.Z. Khan: None. Background: While osteoporosis and heterotopic ossification (HO) are distinct conditions affecting bone health, their coexistence poses intriguing clinical challenges. Osteoporosis, characterized by increased bone fragility, typically results from various factors such as aging, steroid use, or malabsorption. HO is a condition where bone forms abnormally in soft tissues. Risk factors that predispose to HO include male sex, spinal cord injury, trauma, surgery, and genetic factors. Treatment of HO is typically surgical resection and NSAIDs. Initial evidence supported the use of bisphosphonates for preventing ectopic bone formation post-trauma, but recent data failed to show significant benefit in HO prevention. This case presents a patient with unique challenges of both HO and bone fragility with multiple severe vertebral fractures. Case: A 44-year-old male patient had a major motor vehicle accident necessitating multiple recurrent abdominal surgeries. During one exploratory laparotomy, diffuse mesenteric calcifications were noted, indicative of HO. A baseline Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan revealed bone density of 1.003 g/cm2 and 0.788 g/cm2 at the spine and femoral neck, respectively, concerning for osteopenia. He was started on zoledronic acid in preparation for upcoming intestinal transplant. Few months after the transplant, he was started on daily tacrolimus and hydrocortisone for immunosuppression. Within months, he experienced sudden back pain while riding an elevator, and was found to have acute fractures in T8 and T9 vertebrae. A repeat DXA scan showed a further decline in bone density to 0.909 g/cm2 and 0.748 g/cm2 at the spine and femoral neck, respectively. Within a year, additional fractures occurred in the thoracic and lumbar spine (T10, T11, T12, L1, L2, L3, and L4), requiring multiple kyphoplasty interventions. Over time, worsening kyphosis, back pain, and height loss occurred, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life. He continued receiving yearly zoledronic acid infusions and underwent regular DXA scans, which revealed mild improvement in his bone density. Currently, there are no established guidelines specifying the optimal duration for bisphosphonate treatment in such cases. Therefore, our individualized treatment plan involves a tentative 10-year course of bisphosphonate treatment with yearly assessment of bone mineral density. Conclusion: Although the patient had some risk factors for osteoporosis, including daily steroid and tacrolimus use, the severity and frequency of his fractures suggested a potential synergy between osteoporosis and HO, where the formation of heterotopic calcifications may have been exacerbating his bone loss. The coexistence of osteoporosis and HO in this patient underscores the need for individualized care and establishment of treatment guidelines in patients with multiple bone disorders. Presentation: 6/3/2024

7536 Missed Silent Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma

Abstract Disclosure: S. Lamichhane: None. D.T. Price: None. J.J. Faria-Briceno: None. A. Kaur: None. Introduction: Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors comprising about 15-20% of all chromaffin cell tumors and can arise anywhere along the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic chain from skull base to the pelvic floor. About 75% of sympathetic paragangliomas arise in the abdomen out of which majority are functional and secrete catecholamines responsible for the typical clinical features. While the diagnosis is usually made by clinical features and lab elevation of catecholamines, it is estimated that 10-15% of paragangliomas are non-functional and another 10% do not manifest clinically according to the hormone activity, thus posing a significant diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a retroperitoneal paraganglioma diagnosed by biopsy as it was initially missed owing to its silent nature clinically and biochemically. Case report:A 48-year-old smoker with panic disorder, remote history of spontaneous pneumothorax, and exploratory laparotomy for motor vehicle accident visited ER due to left-sided abdominal fullness and weight loss of 10-20 pounds for several months. Review of systems was negative except for mild constipation. He denied taking any medications and BP had been normal. CT abdomen showed a large 13.3 cm mixed cystic and solid mesenteric mass. Core biopsy revealed pheochromocytoma and patient was referred to Endocrinology. Labs showed elevated plasma free metanephrines (MN) 80 pg/ml, normetanephrines (NMN) 190 pg/ml, total MN 270 pg/ml, all less than twice the upper limit of normal and inconclusive, non-elevated 24-hour urine MN and NMN but with inadequate collection, and normal plasma catecholamines. MRI revealed a 13.5 cm mass in the left retroperitoneal sympathetic chain separate from the left adrenal gland and inferior to the left kidney. After pre-op optimization with alpha and beta blocker, patient had an uncomplicated open resection of the mass along with the retroperitoneal lymph nodes (LN). Pathology resulted in 3 benign LNs, a 16.5 cm paraganglioma negative for margin, lymph-vascular invasion, and necrosis. Genetic panel was negative. Follow-up post-surgery at 1 and 3 months with mildly elevated catecholamines and MRI abdomen at 3 months without evidence of recurrent or residual mass and metastasis. PET scan is pending prior authorization. Conclusion: Silent retroperitoneal paragangliomas are exceedingly rare. The diagnosis is often missed when the tumors are asymptomatic, and biomarkers are not elevated. The lack of specific imaging characteristics also adds to the diagnostic challenge. Early recognition can avoid the potential risk of life-threatening hypertensive crisis during surgical intervention. Our case highlights the importance of considering this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal mass. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Ship visual trajectory exploitation via an ensemble instance segmentation framework

Maritime traffic safety is of utmost importance in the shipping industry. It is common to avoid potential traffic accident via the support of varied kinematic maritime data (e.g., ship position, ship speed). The study aims to fulfill maritime traffic safety enhancement by extracting multiple ship trajectories from maritime video data. The proposed framework is implemented with three steps. Firstly, the framework obtains initial ship imaging positions by proposing an ensemble YOLOX (You Only Look Once X) with CenterNet model. Secondly, ship contours from each maritime frame are explored with the deep snake module. Thirdly, consecutive ship imaging trajectory is identified with an enhanced Bytetrack multi-ship target tracking algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms other ship trajectory extraction-like models considering that the identification F-Score (IDF1), IDP (identification Precision), IDR (identification recall), and MOTA (multi-object tracking accuracy) for our proposed framework were 0.965, 0.995, 0.933, and 0.925, respectively. The research findings can help ship crew better aware on-site traffic situations, and thus make optimal ship maneuvering operations for the purpose of enhancing maritime traffic system safety and sustainability.

Fatal road traffic accidents and injuries: a preliminary study.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health problem globally and cause deaths, disability, and significant economic costs. In Italy, there was an increased number of road accidents, deaths, and injuries in 2022 compared to 2021, although still below pre-pandemic levels. A retrospective observational study was performed on a case series of 53 consecutive fatal RTAs examined by the Section of Forensic Medicine of Verona. The case series was divided, according to the type of victims involved, into pedestrians, car drivers, car passengers, and motorcyclists. For each, the times and causes of death, the distribution of external and internal injuries, and toxicological data were analysed, and the results were compared with those in the literature. Although this is a preliminary study on a small case series and lacks statistical validation, so more cases are needed, the preliminary results seem to provide a useful tool for assessing injuries in complex fatal road accidents.

Vascularized medial femoral condyle bone graft for the management of an acute talar neck fracture: A case report

Background Management of talar neck fractures can be challenging due to the high rate of non- or malunion, avascular necrosis and post-traumatic arthritis, which has been attributed to the disruption of the bone’s tenuous blood supply during fracture displacement. Osseous medial femoral condyle (MFC) flaps are increasingly being used in the reconstruction of small bony defects due to recalcitrant non-union and avascular necrosis in the upper and lower limbs. We report a rare case of an MFC flap used in the reconstruction of an acute talar neck fracture. Case Presentation A 38-year-old male presented with multiple injuries following a motor vehicle accident, including an open comminuted talar neck and lateral process fracture, with dislocation of the subtalar and talocrural joints (Hawkins III). Initial exploration and debridement demonstrated a significant defect in the dorsal portion of the talar neck. Temporary stabilisation was achieved with Kirschner wires and the defect was packed with bone cement. Two weeks later, a MFC flap was harvested from the ipsilateral knee and tailored to fit the talar defect. Fixation was achieved with cannulated compression screws. At six weeks post-operative, all wounds had healed, a radiograph demonstrated a positive Hawkins sign and computed tomography showed incorporation of the flap. The patient had no donor site morbidity, and commenced weight bearing at 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion This is the first report demonstrating the viability of MFC flap reconstruction for the management of bony defects in acute talar neck fractures.

Prehospital use of spinal precautions by emergency medical services in children and adolescents.

Limited evidence exists to guide the management of children with possible spinal injuries in the prehospital setting. As a first step to address this, we set out to describe the epidemiology and management of children <18 years presenting with possible cervical spinal injuries to EMS in Victoria, Australia. Retrospective case record review of all children with concerns of head or neck trauma and/or documented cervical spine collar use presenting to the statewide Ambulance Victoria (AV) EMS service, Victoria, Australia, between 1 July 2019 and 30 June 2020. Demographic, clinical features, mechanism of injury and spinal immobilisation practices were extracted. 2100 children were included; 61% were male and the median age was 13 years (interquartile range: 9-15). Over half of the children were transported to suburban (32.2%) and rural/regional (22.9%) EDs, with 37.5% taken to designated trauma centres. The most common mechanisms of injury were sports/activity, motor vehicle accidents and falls in 35.4%, 27.9% and 26.3%, respectively. Spinal precaution use was recorded in 93.7% of cases; cervical collar use was the most common procedure recorded (87.1%). Younger age groups were less likely to have spinal precautions initiated; 51% of children aged 0-3 years, compared to 96.3% of children aged 12 and older (odds ratio = 23.8; 95% confidence interval = 14.5-37; P < 0.001). Prehospital spinal precautions were initiated commonly in children, with use increasing with age, and most were transported to suburban, regional and rural hospitals, not trauma centres. These data will inform the integration of emerging paediatric-specific evidence into prehospital guidelines to risk stratify children.

Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome With Herpetic Keratitis.

The aim of this study was to report a rare observation of trigeminal trophic syndrome presenting with concurrent herpetic keratitis. This study was a case report. A 42-year-old male with a remote history of a motor vehicle accident, traumatic brain injury, extensive facial reconstructive surgery, and traumatic optic neuropathy presented with left periorbital swelling. He was found to have extensive periorbital and total hypoesthesia in the cranial nerve V1 distribution and partial hypoesthesia in the V2 distribution. Corneal findings were highly suspicious for herpes simplex keratitis or zoster ophthalmicus. The patient was diagnosed with herpetic epithelial and stromal keratitis with periorbital ulceration secondary to Trigeminal trophic syndrome. The patient was treated broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, intravenous acyclovir, and topical antibiotics. He was treated with topical steroids upon closure of epithelial defect. Upon discharge, the patient's vision improved from hand-motion to 20/30 at near. The patient was later fit with a custom thermoplastic facial mask to minimize further selfinjurious behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first report of trigeminal trophic syndrome presenting with concurrent herpetic keratitis. Successful treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach to provide the patient insight and create protective equipment.

Patterns and Analysis of Traffic Accidents in New York City between 2013 and 2023

Patterns and Analysis of Traffic Accidents in New York City between 2013 and 2023

Adult Tillaux-Chaput tubercle fracture of the ankle with rupture of the peroneus tertius muscle: a case report

BackgroundTillaux-Chaput tubercle fractures occur in adolescents, which are often associated with the separation of the distal tibial growth plate. These types of fractures are rare in adults and even rarer when accompanied by a rupture of the peroneus tertius muscle. Given the limited number of reported cases, there is limited clinical awareness, resulting in missed diagnoses and delayed treatment, ultimately affecting ankle function.Case presentationWe report a case of an adult patient who experienced a right ankle injury resulting in swelling and pain after a traffic accident. Initial examination failed to identify the rupture of the peroneus tertius muscle, but the patient was observed to have restricted dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot. Surgical exploration through an anterolateral incision confirmed the rupture and the muscle was then repaired. The patient received four weeks of cast immobilization and then engaged in progressive rehabilitation exercises.Discussion and conclusionThis report shares the diagnostic and therapeutic experiences of an adult with a Tillaux-Chaput tubercle fracture associated with peroneus tertius muscle rupture to improve clinical recognition of such injuries, thus preventing misdiagnosis and treatment delays.

Identifying High-Risk Patterns in Single-Vehicle, Single-Occupant Road Traffic Accidents: A Novel Pattern Recognition Approach

Despite various interventions in road safety work, fatal and severe road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain a significant challenge, leading to human suffering and economic costs. Understanding the multicausal nature of RTAs, where multiple conditions and factors interact, is crucial for developing effective prevention measures in road safety work. This study investigates the multivariate statistical analysis of co-occurring conditions in RTAs, focusing on single-vehicle accidents with single occupancy and personal injury on Austrian roads outside built-up areas from 2012 to 2019. The aim is to detect recurring combinations of accident-related variables, referred to as blackpatterns (BPs), using the Austrian RTA database. This study proposes Fisher’s exact test to estimate the relationship between an accident-related variable and fatal and severe RTAs (severe casualties). In terms of pattern recognition, this study develops the maximum combination value (MCV) of accident-related variables, a procedure to search through all possible combinations of variables to find the one that has the highest frequency. The accident investigation proceeds with the application of pattern recognition methods, including binomial logistic regression and a newly developed method, the PATTERMAX method, created to accurately detect and analyse variable-specific BPs in RTA data. Findings indicate significant BPs contributing to severe accidents. The combination of binomial logistic regression and the PATTERMAX method appears to be a promising approach to investigate severe accidents, providing both insights into detailed variable combinations and their impact on accident severity.

Maxillofacial Trauma in Females: A Retrospective Study.

Maxillofacial trauma in females is not widely reported. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and the patterns of maxillofacial injuries in females and to determine the differences in these patterns among different causes. This retrospective study analyzed several variables, including demographic, social, injury-related, and treatment-related variables, and compared these variables in relation to the main etiologies of maxillofacial trauma. The main etiologies of maxillofacial injuries involving females were assault, followed by road traffic accidents, and falls. There were significant differences in relation to the 3 etiologies in age groups (P= 0.002) and marital status (P< 0.0001). There were significantly more soft tissue injuries in the assault group compared with the other groups (P= 0.007). Associated injuries were significantly more with injuries caused by road traffic accidents (P= 0.0009). Most females were victims of assault and violence. There were significant differences in relation to the etiology of trauma in terms of age groups, marital status, types of injury, and associated injuries. Most of the assaults were due to domestic violence.

Assessment of Maxillofacial Trauma Due to Road Traffic Accidents in an Insecure Environment at Sominé Dolo Hospital in Mopti (Mali) from 2019-2023

Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma represents a social issue that continues to grow. According to WHO, 1.2 million people lose their lives each year on the road, or more than 3,000 deaths per day. The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of maxillofacial trauma related to road accidents at Sominé Dolo Hospital in Mopti. Patients and Method: From 2019 to 2023, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective collection on cases of maxillofacial trauma due to road traffic accidents at Sominé Dolo hospital in Mopti. Results: The frequency was 85.59%, the age was 28.37 years and a sex ratio of 5. The Bandiagara region represented 34.6% and that of Mopti 49.76%. 2-wheeled vehicles accounted for 60%. Open fractures accounted for 67.8%, located at the mandibular level 40.10%. Contention associated with osteosynthesis was performed in 49.1%. Discussion: In our study, the hospital frequency of maxillofacial trauma following a road traffic accident is 85.60%. This high frequency in our country could be explained by the non-compliance with the highway code, the poor condition of the roads, the multiplication of means of transport and the security situation. Conclusion: The increasing frequency of maxillofacial trauma over the years is a reality in Mopti (Mali) and poses a public health problem. Only early appropriate treatment and peace can minimize the sometimes serious and difficult to correct after-effects.

Paramedics’ anxiety and concerns around traumatic events: a Delphi study

Introduction: Trauma is a major problem in Saudi Arabia and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. In 2018, road traffic injuries and trauma were the second-leading cause of death after ischaemic heart disease. There is a lack of research that explores the psychological effects on emergency medical service (EMS) professionals of providing prehospital care at trauma events. This study aims to identify which trauma cases cause the most anxiety and concern among EMS professionals. Methods: A study using a two-round Delphi method was undertaken online with EMS professionals working for the Saudi Red Crescent Authority. Results: In the initial round, one item—road traffic collision—achieved 70% consensus that it caused significant anxiety and concern; the second round did not achieve any consensus regarding other types of incident. Conclusion: Road traffic collisions are a leading cause of death and, based on the participants’ responses, they cause paramedics the most anxiety and concern of all case types.

Forecasting the number of road accidents in Poland using trend models depending on the days of the week

Every year a very large number of people die on the roads. From year to year, the value decreases, there are still a very high number of them. The pandemic has reduced the number of road accidents, but the value is still very high. For this reason, it is necessary to know on which days the highest number of traffic accidents occur, and to know the forecast of accidents by day of the week for the coming years, so that we can do everything possible to minimize the number of traffic accidents. The purpose of the article is to make a forecast of the number of road accidents in Poland according to the day of the week. The research was divided into two parts. The first was the analysis of annual data from the Police statistics on the number of road accidents in Poland in 2000-2021, and on this basis the forecast of the number of road accidents for 2022-2031 was determined. The second part of the research, dealt with monthly data from 2000-2021. Again, the analyzed forecast for the period January 2022 - December 2023 was determined. The results of the study indicate that we can still expect a decline in the number of accidents in the coming years, which is particularly evident when analyzing annual data. It is worth noting that the prevailing pandemic distorts the results obtained. The research was conducted in MS Excel, using selected trend models.

Multimodal Dataset Construction and Validation for Driving-Related Anger: A Wearable Physiological Conduction and Vehicle Driving Data Approach

Anger impairs a driver’s control and risk assessment abilities, heightening traffic accident risks. Constructing a multimodal dataset during driving tasks is crucial for accurate anger recognition. This study developed a multimodal physiological -vehicle driving dataset (DPV-MFD) based on drivers’ self-reported anger during simulated driving tasks. In Experiment 1, responses from 624 participants to anger-inducing videos and driving scenarios were collected via questionnaires to select appropriate materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, multimodal dynamic data and self-reported SAM emotion ratings were collected during simulated and real-vehicle tasks, capturing physiological and vehicle responses in neutral and anger states. Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis validated the DPV-MFD’s effectiveness and explored the relationships between multimodal data and emotional dimensions. The CNN-LSTM deep learning network was used to assess the emotion recognition performance of the DPV-MFD across different time windows, and its applicability in real-world driving scenarios was validated. Compared to using EEG data alone, integrating multimodal data significantly improved anger recognition accuracy, with accuracy and F1 scores rising by 4.49% and 9.14%, respectively. Additionally, real-vehicle data closely matched simulated data, confirming the dataset’s effectiveness for real-world applications. This research is pivotal for advancing emotion-aware human–machine- interaction and intelligent transportation systems.

Evaluation of children applying to emergency service after motor vehicle trauma

BackgroundTraffic accidents are significant causes of death and serious injury in children. Children's clinical findings are more subtle and there is a risk of faster deterioration. On the other hand, radiation sensitivity due to imaging is also high. These challenging factors highlight the importance of approaching pediatric trauma cases. In our study, we aimed to contribute to current approaches by examining the clinical course and profiles of children involved in traffic accidents. This study aimed to analyze the profiles and clinical courses of children involved in road traffic accidents. MethodsPediatric patients brought to our hospital due injuries from traffic accidents were retrospectively investigated. ResultsDuring the two-year period analyzed in the study, 605 child patients applied due to traffic accidents, accounting for 5.4 % of pediatric trauma cases. The majority of the children were between the ages of 12–17, with most accidents occurring in the summer. In total, 56.9 % were from in-vehicle traffic accidents, 36.7 % were from extra-vehicular traffic accidents, and 6.4 % were from motorcycle accidents. The imaging rate among the patients was 89 %, and 50.6 % had more than one tomography. More than half of the cases had no pathological findings, and only 6 % required hospitalization. Most cases were treated successfully with medical care, while 21.4 % needed interventional procedures, and 10 % received no treatment. The most common injuries were superficial skin lesions (11.1 %) and extremity fractures (10.2 %), with orthopedics being the most consulted department. Fractures were most common in the tibia and were more likely in motorcycle accidents than in-car accidents. ConclusionIn-vehicle accidents were the most frequent type of accident, and children under 4 years old had a higher incidence of in-car accidents than other age groups. Males made up 60 % of the cases, with boys having higher rates of motorcycle and extra-vehicular accidents compared to girls. While most children had no injuries from the accidents, those who did generally recovered well with outpatient monitoring. On the other hand, 89 % of patients underwent imaging at a high rate.