Road Traffic Accident Victims Research Articles

Disability provokes poverty and vice versa, a review of the relationship

Abstract: Millions of people all over the world are affected by disability arising out of accident, disease, or congenital. This is a crucial health issue for mankind and needs structured treatment and rehabilitation plans. Prevalence and management capacity of disability have wide cross-cultural and geographical variations. Despite the lack of specific data there are reasons to believe that third-world countries have more disabilities and fewer resources and capacity for rehabilitation. So, there is a strong relationship between poverty and disability. Marginalized populations, disadvantaged or at-risk populations such as women, older people, and people who are poor are inappropriately affected by disability. Children from poverty-stricken families, indigenous populations, and ethnic minority groups are significantly at higher risk of experiencing disability. There is a higher prevalence of disability in lower-income countries than in higher-income countries. Poor people from lower-income countries are usually involved in high-risk jobs which make them vulnerable to injury and disability. Because of exaggerated life stress, poor health status, and poor living conditions due to poverty, people at low resource outset are more vulnerable to disease and disability. Of inadequate support from affluent persons as well as from the government, they spend their last savings to meet the treatment costs and get poorer. They are also common victims of road traffic accidents when they travel on risky roads and vehicles. There are many other shreds of evidence for a link between disability and poverty in low and middle-income countries and there is an urgent need for further research and policy action to break the cycle. This review article intends to find out the relationship between poverty and disability and reveals how poverty influences suffering disability and vice versa. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 63-67

Child Victims of Road Traffic Accidents: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in the Medical and Surgical Emergency Department of the Donka National Hospital

Child Victims of Road Traffic Accidents: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in the Medical and Surgical Emergency Department of the Donka National Hospital

Пример клинического случая оказания экстренной медицинской помощи больному с тяжелой сочетанной травмой

Abstract. We consider a case of providing emergency medical care to a patient with a concomitant injury as a result of a traffic accident. Purpose of the research: to consider a clinical case report of effective emergency medical care to a victim with severe concomitant injury. We describe main aspects of diagnosing this kind of patients, the difficulties of providing care to patients with concomitant injury and the treatment results. Materials and methods. This research uses materials from the medical documentation of the trauma department of Archbishop Luke Tambov City Clinical Hospital. Results. Effective treatment of such injuries and a favorable outcome, as a rule, is possible only in a multidisciplinary medical institution, since it is in this type of medical organizations it is possible to obtain all the necessary instrumental and laboratory diagnostics of the injuries, there are also many specialists in various fields, which allows to competently organize the correct surgical tactics, develop a treatment plan, prescribe all the necessary infusion therapy to eliminate the resulting hypovolemia, and in the event of shock – anti-shock therapy to eliminate the patient’s unstable hemodynamics as quickly as possible, in case of development or progression of respiratory failure – establish respiratory support with the possibility of transferring the patient to artificial lung ventilation, in the case of prolonged artificial lung ventilation – a tracheostomy, and of course, adequate pain relief for the pain syndrome that accompanies absolutely every case of concomitant injury. All this together is aimed at stabilizing the patient’s condition, preventing possible complications, and if they occur, their timely identification and elimination, carrying out further rehabilitation to return the patient to a full life. Conclusions: the annual increase in the number of road accidents and the development of severe injuries in connection with this requires the further development of various types of diagnostics, indicates the need to ensure the availability of CT examinations, MRI machines, the development of traumatology, surgery and neurosurgery, which ultimately will favorably contribute to timely diagnosis and effective treatment of life-threatening conditions that occur in victims of road traffic accidents.

Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Road Traffic Accident Victims: A Cross-sectional Study from Gujarat, India

Introduction: Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) can develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to emotional trauma, which significantly affects the quality of life. Despite satisfactory psychological recovery for many RTA victims, a notable percentage of survivors continue to live with PTSD without diagnosis or treatment. In India, the rising number of RTAs necessitates research into their psychological impacts to inform healthcare strategies and interventions. Aim: To assess the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among RTA survivors and explore the association between PTSD and sociodemographic and clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted and data was collected from selected trauma centres in Gujarat state, India, from April to May 2024. The study involved 380 participants who had experienced RTAs within 30-40 days prior to data collection. Data collection employed an interviewer-administered questionnaire with two sections: a demographic and clinical questionnaire and the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) for PTSD symptom assessment. The PCL-5 is a 20-item tool, with scores ranging from 0 to 80, where a score of ≥33 indicates PTSD symptoms. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Confidence Intervals (CI) to determine the significance of associations at a p-value<0.05 level. Results: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms among RTA survivors was 46.3%, with a mean±SD PTSD score of 29.41±10.68. The highest rates of PTSD were observed among younger individuals {18-25 years, 55 (52.4%)} and females 43 (47.3%). Education (p-value=0.027) and monthly income (p-value=0.011) were significantly associated with higher PTSD prevalence. Among clinical variables, the type of vehicle involved in the accident was associated with PTSD prevalence (p-value=0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms among RTA survivors was 46.3%. Lower education levels, lower income, and involvement in two or three-wheeler accidents were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of PTSD.

Prevalence of care for road traffic accident victims during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: to analyze the prevalence of traffic accidents attended at an urgent and emergency referral hospital, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional study with a sample of 364 adult victims of traffic accidents, aged between 18 and 60 years, of both sexes. A sociodemographic characterization form and accident characteristics were used to collect data. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and Fisher's Exact test, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: In the sample, there was a predominance of male patients (77.1%), drivers (71.1%), involving motorcycle (68.6%) and without the use of protective equipment (73.3%). The predominant injuries in accidents were fractures (70.8%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of emergency care for traffic accident victims during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased from 0.77% (2019) to 0.34% in 2020, it was noticed that the variables still remained predominant. Therefore, the findings comprise an important tool for prevention and health promotion policies, aiming at reducing deaths, injuries and disabilities.

Characteristics and outcome of road traffic accidents in Erbil: A prospective hospital-based study

Background and objective: Internationally, the eighth leading cause of death among young males is attributed to road accidents, as yearly a million and three-quarters of people die which became a series public of health concerns in developing countries. This study aimed at determining the pattern and outcomes of hospitalized road traffic accidents in Erbil city. Methods: This prospective hospital-based study was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021, at RozhHalat and RozhAwa Emergency governmental hospitals in Erbil, Iraq. Data was collected for one complete year and the admitted cases in the year had been included. Which was composed of 2225 road traffic accident victims. A specially designed questionnaire was used to collect the data using direct face-to-face interviews. Results: 2225 victims were obtained in both Emergency hospitals 1835 (82.5%) of them were males, 390 (17.5%) were females, and the mean age±SD was (24.7±15.1) years old. The death rate from road traffic accidents was 250 (18%). Nearly one-third of 689 (31%) of victims were at aged (20-29), the highest pattern rate of 1221 (54.9%) was among drivers, and on motorcycles 883 (39.7%) had the highest reported victims rate, occurred at rush hours (5-7 pm). During Summer season 681 (30.6%), at daylights 1608 (72.3%). With P <0.001, a significant association was reported between back injuries, speeding, pedestrians, alcoholics, seatbelts/helmets, rapidity, and night shift of street accidents and the outcomes. Conclusion: Human behavior is significantly related to the high incidence of road injuries and deaths. Road accidents have resulted in a major public health problem. A new strategy to reduce the incidence of this problem is essential.

Дорожно-транспортные происшествия и этапное оказание медицинской помощи пострадавшим, на примере Омской области

Summary. The objectives of the study are to summarize the data on road traffic injuries (RTI) as a result of road traffic accidents (RTA), to systematize the published data on the provision of medical care to victims of road traffic accidents and to study the regional features of road traffic accidents on the example of the Omsk region. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study were statistical data on the number of road accidents, the number of victims in road accidents and other statistical data on road traffic injuries in the Omsk region and the Russian Federation as a whole. Research methods were statistical and analytical. Results of the study and their analysis. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and official statistical data for 2015-2022 it was revealed that in the Russian Federation and its regions the problem of road traffic injuries does not lose its relevance — the number of deaths and injuries in road accidents remains high. At the same time, the measures taken make it possible to reduce the number of road accidents and the level of road traffic injuries, as a result of which there is a steady decrease in the number of people killed and injured in road accidents. In improving the organization of medical care for road traffic accident victims, special attention should be paid to medical care for children. The prospective direction of improvement of rendering specialized medical aid to victims of road traffic accidents is optimization of the system of medical aid at all stages of medical evacuation of victims from the place of road traffic accident taking into account the peculiarities of children’s road traffic traumatism.

PATTERNS OF FACIAL INJURIES IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: A REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, MECHANISMS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INJURY PREVENTION

This review article critically examines the multifaceted landscape of facial injuries resulting from road traffic accidents (RTAs). We systematically analyze the epidemiological aspects, investigating the prevalence, distribution, and demographic variations of facial injuries observed in RTA victims. Additionally, we explore the diverse mechanisms underlying these injuries, ranging from impact forces to vehicular collision dynamics. The comprehensive synthesis of available literature sheds light on the specific patterns of facial trauma arising from different types of accidents, such as collisions, pedestrians struck by vehicles, and motorcycle accidents. By elucidating the unique injury profiles associated with these scenarios, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in facial injury causation during RTAs. In addressing the broader implications for injury prevention, we discuss current interventions and their effectiveness in mitigating facial injuries. This involves an examination of protective measures, such as helmets, airbags, and advancements in vehicle safety technology, along with an assessment of their impact on reducing the severity and frequency of facial trauma. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration between medical professionals, traffic safety experts, and policymakers. Through a collective effort, we can enhance preventive strategies, improve emergency response protocols, and enact policy measures aimed at reducing the burden of facial injuries resulting from RTAs. In summary, this abstract provides a glimpse into the intricate exploration of facial injuries in the context of road traffic accidents. By amalgamating epidemiological insights, mechanistic understanding, and discussions on injury prevention, this review contributes to a holistic comprehension of the challenges and opportunities in addressing facial trauma arising from RTAs.

Pattern, Severity and Outcome of Injuries Sustained in Road Traffic Accidents: A Tertiary Care Hospital-Based Study

Introduction:Road Expansion and motorization, in the country has been accompanied by a rise in road accidents leading to road traffic injuries (RTIs). Today RTIs are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities, and hospitalizations with severe socioeconomic costs across the world. The aim of the study is to determine the pattern, severity and outcome of injuries amongst road traffic accident victims. Materials & Methods: An observational study was carried out at casualty department of Cumilla Medical College Hospital, from April 2020 to September 2020. Total 192 patients following RTIs were included in this study. After history taking, clinical examination and collection of investigation reports, data was analyzed by using SPSS-23. Results: Out of 192 patients, 33.3% of the patients belonged to age group 21-30 years, 71.4% were male. More than two third (67.2%) patients accident took place in high way and 62 (32.8%) in other areas. According to pattern of victims 111(57.8%) patients was found in pedestrian of victims, 48(25.0%) in driver and 33(17.2%) in passenger. In injury severity score, 98(51.0%) patients were found minor injuries followed by 57(29.7%) moderate, 22(11.5%) serious and 15(7.8%) severe injuries. Ninety (46.9%) patients were found transfer for definitive care followed by 52(27.1%) discharge after Rx, 30(15.6%) wound infection, 18(9.4%) referred to higher center and 2(1.0%) death. Conclusion: The present study shows that fatal accidents mainly affected the young adults in productive age groups and pedestrians. Highways were most commonly affected location. Most of the accidents caused by motorized vehicles. Medicine Today 2023 Vol.35(2): 109-113

Factors Associated with Road Traffic Accidents in Kathmandu, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a leading and disproportionately prevalent cause of mortality and disability, particularly burdening Nepal, primarily within the Kathmandu Valley.
 Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 22nd and April 24th, 2021, involving 185 victims admitted to the emergency department of a private hospital. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Socio-demographic characteristics, human factors, and environmental factors data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and all statistical tests were conducted using SPSS version 20.
 Results: Among the 185 RTA victims, the majority (36.8%) fell within the 21-30 age groups. Male victims (55.7%) outnumbered females (44.3%). Students (36.8%) experienced the highest accident rates, with most incidents (21.1%) occurring on Saturdays and 38.4% taking place between 12:00pm and 6:00pm.
 Human Factors and RTA: Of the total victims, 80 (43.2%) were drivers, with 43.75% of them reporting the use of emergency brakes. Furthermore, 77.61% indicated that accidents were caused by pedestrians not using zebra crossings when crossing the road.
 Environmental Factors and RTA: Rainy weather was associated with the highest number of accidents, accounting for 36.2% of cases. Additionally, narrow routes (28.6%) and slippery roads (25.9%) contributed to a significant number of accidents.
 Conclusion: Nepal faces a high rate of road traffic accidents, with critical factors including victim age, vehicle types, speed, road and weather conditions, and traffic rule violations. Authorities must consider these factors to effectively control and prevent RTAs.

Traffic injury as a medical and sanitary consequence of a man-made emergency in Ukraine. Report one: clinical and epidemiological characteristics

Background. Road traffic injuries remain one of the main causes of death in Ukraine even during the war. The Code of Civil Protection of Ukraine (Article 2, Clause 6) recognizes a traffic accident as a type of emergency. The purpose of the study: to form a comprehensive characterization of a traffic injury as a medical and sanitary consequence of a man-made emergency. Materials and methods. Typical territorial formations of Ukraine, namely cities with a population of more than 1,000,000 people, a typical regional center and rural areas, were included in the general research model. These components were chosen in compliance with the law of large numbers, regarding the requirements of typicality and the scope of the study. To meet these requirements, we selected a total of 1,696 victims of road traffic accidents who were included in the research array from the array of 21,000 victims using the random number method, while maintaining the component proportionality criterion. This study was conducted using the methods of epidemiological natural modeling, formal logic, fractal analysis, clinical standardization and medical statistics. Results. The specific weight of men injured in road accidents is 66.86 %, which is twice the number of women injured in road accidents. A significant effect of gender on the survival rate of victims was found: men survive in 88.71 %, and women in 91.99 % of cases. In the general array, majority of patients are persons of the most working age — 21–50 years old (63.33 %). In general, there is a tendency to decrease the specific weight of road accident victims starting from the age of 21, as the age factor increases. The highest rate of survival was recorded in the group of 21–30 years — 93.81 %, and the lowest — in people over 71 years of age — 75.27 %. Pedestrians have the largest specific weight in the total array, almost 40 %, and passengers have the lowest one — 24.65 %. In general, active road users make up 75.35 % of the total number. In the array of drivers who died, the specific weight of men is 90.32 %, and the fatality rate is 5.32 %. At the same time, the mortality rate for women is 3.95 %. The specific gravity of deceased male pedestrians is 70.64 %, while the fatality rate is 18.16 %, and among women this rate is 12.75 %. In all age groups, there is a different nature of the distribution of the negative outcome of traumatic process based on participation in the movement. At the same time, in all age groups, most victims who died are pedestrians. It was found that the age has a significant influence on the occurrence of a fatal outcome in traffic participants, with its greatest influence in victims older than 50 years. Conclusions. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of victims of road accidents in Ukraine, as a medical and sanitary consequence of a man-made emergency, indicates that road traffic injuries are a significant medical and social problem in our country. This is due to the fact that they predominantly affect the most economically active segment of the population, which contributes significantly to the national product. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries in Ukraine have certain aspects, unlike other countries of the world, as a reflection of the peculiarities of life of population in our country. All clinical and epidemiological signs are risk-creating factors for the occurrence of a negative outcome of traumatic process due to the presence of a probable influence on this result and require verification of risks.

Road traffic accidents presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in North-East India: A cross-sectional study

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are one of the most common cases brought to a hospital daily. The severity of the situation is not known to most of the masses. It has a high chance of mortality and high disabling capacity due to injuries to the main vital parts of the body.: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse the pattern of road traffic accidents as regards the type of victims, offending vehicle, place & time of occurrence, type of injuries sustained, fatality among the RTA victims admitted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in North-East India during January 2021-June 2022.A total of 1002 RTA cases were reviewed, and it was found that most of the RTA (76.3%) were males and 32.7% of the cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years, followed by the age group of 31-40 years (20.5%). RTAs commonly occurred between 12:01 p.m-6 p.m.; the offending vehicles were 4-wheelers (38%) followed by 2-wheelers (36.4%). Most of the victims were 2-wheeler riders (62.2%) followed by pedestrians (16.8%); the head & face were most affected body parts (42.2%) followed by lower limbs (30.6%) and Imphal West was the most common place of occurrence (48.8%).With the increasing use of motor vehicles, the number of road traffic accidents is rising. It is important to find a pattern of these cases in this part of the country so that we can prevent such unfortunate and unnatural deaths.

Результаты работы регионального регистра медико-санитарных последствий дорожно-транспортных происшествий, на примере Ненецкого автономного округа

Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of the work of the regional register of medical and sanitary consequences of road traffic accidents (RTA) in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) in 2021 – the first half of 2023. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study are data from the register of medical and sanitary consequences of road traffic accidents in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, formed on the basis of information extracted from medical records of patients (f.003/u), admitted after road traffic accidents on urgent indications to the Nenets District Hospital named after R.I.Batmanova. Quantitative and categorical variables were used for statistical analysis. Statistical processing of data was performed using the package of applied statistical programs STATA ver. 12. Results of the study and their analysis. Characteristics of the group of victims of road traffic accidents, circumstances of their injuries, medical care of victims in pre-hospital and hospital periods are presented. Based on the results of the regional register of medical and sanitary consequences of road traffic accidents, organizational solutions aimed at improving the provision of medical care to victims of road traffic accidents in the region are proposed.

A cross-sectional study of road traffic accident victims at a tertiary care teaching hospital at Gwalior city in Madhya Pradesh of Central India

Background: Road crash deaths in India, which were the highest in the world, are a burden on its demographic dividend and have a tangible impact on poverty. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics, type of vehicle, types of road, primary treatment, and safety measures adopted by the victims of road traffic accidents (RTA). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Trauma Center, Madhav Dispensary, J.A. Group of Hospitals Gwalior, M.P. on 528 Victims of RTA between the period of January 01, 2020, and June 30, 2021. The descriptive statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used. The data analysis was done in Microsoft Excel Software. Results: In the present study, a total of 528 RTA victims were enquired. Their average age was 33.02±13.31 years, with 81.8% were male and 18.2% were female. Most of the victims (67.80%) were on two-wheeler vehicles. About half of the victims were found to have Head on Collision during accidents. The accidents mostly occurred in the time period from 9.00 am to 9.00 pm. It was observed that 65.90% RTA victims had soft-tissue injury and bony injury. Conclusion: It was vital to obtain valid information of the real importance of RTA along with the preventive action concerning RTAs. It was recommended to provide the basic treatment to victims related with RTA at Primary Care Center of the nearest accident place.

Prehospital Care in Road Traffic Accident Cases

Abstract Background: Rapid population growth, industrialization and an increase in road vehicles, have led to a drastic increase in the number of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA).Pedestrians, motorized two wheeled vehicle (MTV) users, and cyclists are the most vulnerable road user groups in terms of injuries and fatalities resulting from road traffic crashes in India. At least one-third of potentially preventable deaths occur prior to arrival at hospital and over half occur during the hospital reception and resuscitation phase of care. Prehospital emergency care in India is only beginning to develop. Thirty per cent of emergency patients in India die before they reach a hospital. Persons who shift the victims are usually untrained members of the public. Crash victims are often taken to the nearest hospital, regardless of the hospital’s capabilities for dealing with trauma. The vast majority of ambulances are used for inter-hospital transfer, not for primary response. This highlights the need of urgent steps for establishing good pre-hospital care and trauma services at site in India. Aims and Objectives: The study attempts to know the status of provision of pre hospital care to RTA victims and to suggest measures for improving hospital and pre-hospital care to the same. Methods: The study was conducted on patients of RTI admitted at Trauma Centre of King George’s Medical University UP (KGMU), Lucknow. A semi-structured questionnaire was used gather information about the socio demographic profile of RTA victims and the status of provision of pre hospital care to them. Results: It was seen in the present study that only eight percent cases had some sort of pre-hospital care given, or some interventions done before victim was taken to the hospital. Majority of these interventions were given by the bystanders and included measures like shifting the victim from the accident site (76.5%), water splinting/fanning/water given to drink (8.8%), or wound covered with cloth (5.9%) or medications (8.8%). In 9.7 percent cases, it was not known whether any pre hospital intervention was given. Out of the total cases who died, 66.7 percent had not received any intervention before hospitalization. The proportion of mortality was 2.5 percent in cases where no interventions were given, while there was no mortality in cases where some interventions were given before hospitalization. Conclusion: It was seen that very few cases got some intervention before hospitalization and a number of cases were referred from government health facilities due to unavailability of beds, equipment or medical staff. About thirty percent interviewees were not aware of ambulance emergency number. Lower proportion of mortality was seen in cases that got intervention at a health facility within an hour.

Untapped potential of commercial drivers in providing post-crash care to road traffic accident victims: A cross-sectional study from fast urbanizing city of Jodhpur, India.

Most road traffic accident (RTA) deaths occur before victim reaches a definitive trauma care facility. The aim of the study was to determine the role of commercial drivers toward providing post-crash care to RTA victims in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. This cross-sectional study assessed the role of commercial auto-rickshaw and cab drivers for providing post-crash care in urban Jodhpur during 2019-2020. Eligible participants volunteering for the study were included from taxi and auto stands in urban Jodhpur. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered by a trained interviewer. Data analysis was done using SPSS v23.0. Summary measures in terms of frequencies, means, and range are reported. Chi-square test, Fisher's Exact test, and Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis were done for statistical associations. Two hundred male participants completed the study with a mean age of 37.74 (8.96) years having an average work experience as commercial drivers of more than 10 years. Over 70% of participants witnessed RTA in the past year and 52% provided care to victims. The knowledge of post-crash care was most affected by their education level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.778, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.958, 3.301), whereas the intended post-crash care practices were significantly better among participants with previous training (aOR: 15.376, 95% CI: 2.149, 110.017). The current study establishes the role of commercial drivers as first responders at accident sites in the fast urbanizing city of Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Systematic capacity building initiatives of commercial drivers to salvage RTA victims have potential to strengthen pre-hospital trauma care continuum in non-metro districts of India experiencing high burden of accidents.

Association of Socio-demographic Determinants with Quality of Life among Road Traffic Accident Victims

Background: Road traffic accidents are the sixth leading cause of death in India with a greater share of hospitalization, disabilities, deaths, and socio-economic losses. Objectives: To assess the socio-demographic determinants associated with quality-of-life among road traffic accident victims. Methodology: A community-based, longitudinal study was conducted for 2 years in South India. Simple random sampling was employed to include 169 accident victims. Baseline data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic details and using SF-32. Follow-up was at the 6th and 12th month from the day of accident. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi-data manager 4.2.0. Written informed consent from each participant was sought. Ethical clearance was obtained. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the subjects was found to be 36.2 ± 11.4 years. The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant incremental change in quality of life among the accident survivors at baseline, 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05). Socio-economic determinants such as education, occupation, marital status, and religion were found to be associated with different domains of quality of life. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The improvement in the quality of life of the victims over 1-year period was found to be significant.

A medico legal study on road traffic accident victims of 100 cases

A medico legal study on road traffic accident victims of 100 cases

Successful Management of a Polytrauma with Open Complex Pelvic Fracture

Abstract Pelvic fractures frequently result from powerful external forces and carry a high risk of concurrent injuries. In these patients, fatalities are often caused by associated injuries. Pelvic fractures cause substantial morbidity and can lead to long-term impairment in physical functioning, as well as difficulties with daily activities and negative psychological health. Surgical intervention is necessary for treating unstable pelvic fractures, which may involve isolated posterior or combined posterior and anterior fixation utilizing screws and plates to restore anatomical alignment and promote natural healing. A 19-year-old female road traffic accident victim in hemorrhagic shock was hemodynamically stabilized and investigated for associated injuries. She was diagnosed with bilateral sacroiliac joint dislocations, bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fractures and crescent fracture of the right iliac wing, Grade III liver injury, Grade III splenic infarction and hemoperitoneum, lung contusion, and bilateral hemothorax with multiple rib fractures, fracture of the transverse process of L4 and L5 vertebrae. A secondary survey revealed a right sciatic nerve injury, admitted to intensive care and managed by a multidisciplinary approach. Abdomen and thorax injuries were managed conservatively, and meanwhile, the pelvic fracture was stabilized by a damage control protocol, and definitive surgical intervention includes iliac crest wound debridement and pelvic ring open reduction and internal fixation by the Modified Stoppa approach. Abdomen and chest injuries were managed conservatively. Monthly regular follow-up was the first 6 months, was able to walk and sit comfortably at the end of 4 months, and was able to resume her normal routine work and job at 6 months without any pain and limitation of movements. It is essential to promptly identify and assess the injuries and implement appropriate perioperative management by a multidisciplinary team. Temporary stabilization of fracture followed by the management of associated injuries and delayed definite fixation yields the best result in polytrauma patients with pelvic fracture.

Evaluating the Social Impact of a Proposed Orthopedic Center of Excellence in Northern Tanzania: A Novel Use of the Impact Multiple of Money Methodology.

Musculoskeletal injuries-often a result of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs)-represent a significant burden in sub-Saharan Africa. RTA victims are faced with lifelong disability and diminished employment. Northern Tanzania in particular lacks the orthopedic surgical capacity needed to provide patients with definitive surgical fixation. While there is great potential in establishing an Orthopedic Center of Excellence (OCE), the precise social impact of such an initiative is currently unknown. To demonstrate the social value of an orthopedic OCE in Northern Tanzania, this paper proposes a methodology for calculating social impact. This methodology draws upon RTA-related Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), current and projected surgical complication rates, anticipated changes in surgical volume, and average per capita income to quantify how much social value can be gained by mitigating the impact of RTAs. These parameters can be utilized to calculate an impact multiplier of money (IMM), stating the social returns on each dollar invested. Modeling exercises demonstrate that improvements in the complication rate and surgical volume over the current baseline results in significant social impact. In the best-case scenario, the COE is expected to yield over $131 million over 10years, with an IMM of 13.19. Investments in orthopedic care will yield significant dividends, as demonstrated by our novel methodology. The cost-effectiveness of the OCE is comparable to, if not greater, than many other global health initiatives. More broadly, the IMM methodology can be used to quantify the impact of other projects aimed at reducing long-term injury.