Road Route Research Articles

A Review of Road Design for Wind Farms in China

Complex terrain conditions of wind farms, the large weight and the long size of wind turbine equipment, the high economic requirements of transportation on roads, and a shortage of relevant standards and codes lead to difficulty in road design and route selection of wind farms. In addition, frequent excavations and landfills in wind farm construction have seriously destroyed vegetation cover and soil structure on the primary surface, resulting in a large amount of water and soil loss and ecological damage to the wind farm. In view of the above problems, this paper reviews the relevant research status of the wind farm road route selection method, circular curve, longitudinal section design index, and water and soil loss problems, and summarizes them. Several calculation models for circular curve widening, the recommendation of a minimum radius under different restrictions, calculation models for longitudinal slope and vertical curve, and recommended values are listed. The causes of water and soil losses in wind farms are discussed and the characteristics of the diversity of erosion and the uneven distribution of time and space are put forward. Prediction models of wind farm water and soil loss and comprehensive prevention measures are given. The existing problems in the road design field of wind farms are put forward and the future development direction in this field is forecasted.

An evaluation of GPR monitoring methods on varying river ice conditions: A case study in Alaska

Ice roads and bridges across rivers, estuaries, and lakes are common transportation routes during winter in regions of the circumpolar north. Ice thickness, hydraulic hazards, climate variability and associated warmer air temperatures have always raised safety concerns and uncertainty among those who travel floating ice road routes. One way to address safety concerns is to monitor ice conditions throughout the season. We tested ground penetrating radar (GPR) for its ability and accuracy in measuring floating ice thickness under three specific conditions: 1) presence of snow cover and overflow, 2) presence of snow cover, and 3) bare ice, all common to Interior Alaska rivers. In addition, frazil ice was evaluated for its ability to interfere with the GPR measurement of ice thickness. We collected manual ice measurements and GPR cross-sectional transects over 2 years on the Tanana River near Fairbanks, Alaska, and for 1 year on the Yukon River near Tanana, Alaska. Ground truth measurements were compared with ice thickness calculated from an average velocity model created using GPR data. The error was as low as 2.3–6.4% on the Yukon River (Condition 3) and 4.6–9.5% on the Tanana River (Conditions 1 and 2), with the highest errors caused by overflow conditions. We determined that certain environmental conditions such as snow cover and overflow change the validity of an average velocity model for ice thickness identification using GPR, while frazil ice accumulation does not have a detectable effect on the strength of radar reflection at the ice-water interface with the frequencies tested. Ground penetrating radar is a powerful tool for measuring river ice thickness, yet further research is needed to advance the ability of rural communities to monitor ice thickness using fewer time-intensive manual measurements to determine the safety of ice cover on transportation routes.

A Study on Characteristics of Sequential Landscape for Road Used by Visitors to Approach Main Destinations for Scenic Road Construction: A Case Study on Miryang-si

Purpose: Recently, there have been increasing efforts to develop tourism content for exploring regional economies. Among them, development of scenic roads through road maintenance is attracting attention as an alternative way for boosting tourism and local economy, since more people use private cars in contemporary society. The purpose of this study is to clarify scenic characteristics of each access route for main destinations in Miryang-si and establish basic data for sequence scenic road maintenance.
 Methods: To clarify objectives, this study targeted top 15 destinations, analyzed their circulation system and access routes, landcape characteristics for each route and their utilization methods, and relevant implications.
 Results: According to the results, 3 national roads, 3 local roads, and 10 other roads were used as main routes for 15 desginations. The external landscape view-based sequence landscape maintenance method is efficient for national road routes by utilizing farmlands around roads and street trees at city entrance. However, local road routes have slower vehicle speeds and various short-range landscapes, so they show high efficiency in utilizing visual elements but need additional plans, such as parking places. Other town and village roads are mostly narrow and short, and scenic experience of walking around access road was found to be more efficient than using cars.
 Conclusion: In order to improve and maintain scenic roads, there must be a prior investigation in consideration of current situations and this study is designed for such reasons. The follow-up studies, such as verifying efficiency of scenic road construction for each route, can be used as grounds for suggesting directions.

Reconstructing the ancient route network in the Thailand–Cambodia borders: A case study of the Angkorian Royal Road

AbstractA large number of ancient remnants from the Angkor kingdom of the 15th–19th centuries are widely observable across present day north‐eastern Thailand and Cambodia. Archaeologically, these features represent the ancient communities and were possibly connected according to various socioeconomic reasons. In order to reconstruct the route of human mobility between the remains, the geographic information system (GIS)‐based least cost path (LCP) analysis was employed along the Angkor–Phimai route. By recognizing the geographic parameters, the mobility of 292 moated sites was tracked to eight mountain passes that traverse the barrier of the Dângrêk Mountain Range. The LCP‐derived routes revealed that the Ta Muen pass was the most suitable (shortest source‐to‐site distance) route for almost all moated sites. When compared with a previous interpretation of the Angkorian Royal Road route, our LCP route conforms reasonably well when overlaid with this possible Royal Road. The locations of ancient activities were also in the vicinity of the dense LCP route, and most monuments were located within a 1.5 km buffer line. This underlines that the LCP track obtained in this study is reasonable with a high reliability and is beneficial for guiding further studies to find out more about the ancient remains or archaeological evidence in this area.

The role of economic production, energy consumption, and trade openness in urbanization-environment nexus: a heterogeneous analysis on developing economies along the Belt and Road route.

In today's world, where urbanization is at its pinnacle, has created a significant economic gap between rural and urban populations in developing economies and substantially influenced environmental degradation. This study investigates the relationship between urbanization and environmental degradation via carbon emissions among developing countries along the Belt and Road route from 1990 to 2019 while using economic production, energy consumption, and trade openness as control variables. The study engages current econometric methodologies to uncover accurate and reliable findings, and the outcomes reveal that the panel under investigation is cross-sectionally dependent and heterogeneous. Therefore, the AMG, CCEMG, and DCCEMG estimators are employed to examine the effect connection between the variables. The outcomes unveil that urbanization, economic production, and energy consumption escalate environmental degradation, but trade openness is confirmed as a trivial determinant of environmental degradation. Furthermore, the causal connections between the variables disclose bi-directional causalities between urbanization and environmental degradation and between energy consumption and environmental degradation. Nevertheless, uni-directional causalities are affirmed, spanning from economic production to environmental degradation and from trade openness to environmental degradation. Finally, policy implications are discussed.

Factors Affecting Earthwork Volume in Forest Road Construction on Steep Terrain

Forest roads, as a prerequisite for high-quality forest management, should be optimally distributed in order to avoid negative environmental impacts and to best fulfill their task. In the design phase of forest roads, it is necessary to know which factors influence most the volume of earthworks to enable the designer to best adapt to the terrain requirements. In this paper the impact of an average cross terrain slope and carriageway value of a forest road on cut and fill volume is analyzed. The research was carried out in the area of the management unit Trovrh–Kik, characterized by irregular terrain with slopes ranging between 27 and 58%, and on some micro locations even up to 84%. On eight forest roads, based on standard cross-section profiles, the influence of the average cross terrain slope and carriageway value (difference between ground level and grade level) of the forest road on the cut and fill volume per 1 m of the forest road route was analyzed. The obtained coefficients of determination indicate a strong correlation between the cut volume and carriageway value (R2 = 0.6841), and a moderate correlation between the fill volume and carriageway value (R2 = 0.5619). Unlike the influence of carriageway value on the cut and fill volume, the correlation between the cross terrain slope and fill volume is weak (R2 = 0.2076) or moderate in the case of the cut volume (R2 = 0.3167). On the basis of the analyzed standard cross-section profiles, it was determined that the carriageway value was 0.051 m, where the difference between the cut and fill volume was minimum and the average actual carriageway value was determined to be −0.09 m. It can be concluded that, on terrains with large and varying slopes, there is no unique model or terrain factor that could describe the earthworks required in the construction of a forest road. However, it is beyond doubt that the increase in the carriageway value and cross terrain slope caused the increase in the aforementioned volumes.

Evaluasi Layanan Jalur Sepeda pada Rute Jalan Ryacudu Kota Bandarlampung

The City Government of Bandar Lampung has made several routes for bicycle lanes including the Jalan Ryacudu Route. This path is quite busy used by cyclists for their various purposes. This study aims to determine the dominant factor in the level of satisfaction with bicycle lane services and to determine differences in levels of community satisfaction regarding bicycle lane services on the Ryacudu Road route. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method. Data collection was carried out through a closed questionnaire on 441 respondents. The data were analyzed using distribution analysis, analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that 1) the dominant variables that influence the evaluation of bicycle lane services include: lane arrangement (3.95), convenience from traffic (3.91), and comfort in bicycle lane conditions (3.87). 2) The difference in the level of significant satisfaction occurs in the mileage variable. Medium mileage (5-10 and 11-15) tends to have a high level of satisfaction.

Distribusi Dan Transportasi Bio Solar Di Jawa Timur

Government Regulation Number 36 of 2004 concerning Downstream Oil and Gas Business Activities, the government regulates, fosters, and supervises the implementation of downstream business activities which includes guaranteeing the availability and smooth distribution of fuel throughout the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) which is a form of route problem involving vehicles to distribute goods to customers with the aim of minimizing the total distance, minimizing the use of vehicles and the overall distribution time which is expected to reduce errors in selecting gas stations into road routes. Based on the application of the fuel distribution system to gas stations in East Java, especially in the Bojonegoro Regency area using the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) method, using a tanker with a capacity of 40 KL is more effective than a tanker with other capacities, distance and operating costs for a tanker of 40 KL the results after the application of the VRP method are more effective than the current distribution patterns, if the VRP method is used it will produce several benefits, including reducing the total mileage of the previous tank car from 3,740 KM to 1,058 KM compared to the current average total mileage of TBBM Semarang-To gas stations in Blora. There was a saving in the cost of diesel fuel from IDR 25,432,000 to IDR. 7,194,400 per day considering there is great efficiency, the pattern for sending Bio Solar fuel from TBBM Tuban to gas stations in Bojonegoro Regency uses a new route using a tanker capacity of 40 tons.

Assessing the relationship between weather conditions and rockfall using terrestrial laser scanning to improve risk management

Abstract. Since 1987, more than 13 200 rockfalls have been inventoried by the ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) as having impacted the national road Route 132 in northern Gaspésie. This natural hazard represents a nearly permanent danger for road users. Traditional mitigation measures can be ineffective on poorly consolidated, deformed and highly fractured rockwalls such as those found in northern Gaspésie. To address this issue, implementing preventive risk management based on the factors that trigger rock instabilities could be the most effective method. Earthquake, rainfall and freeze–thaw cycles are commonly considered to be the main rockfall-triggering factors. This study aims to better understand the climatic conditions conducive to rockfalls in northern Gaspésie in order to provide knowledge to implement an appropriate risk management strategy. Three rockwalls were scanned with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) instruments during specific pre-targeted weather conditions. Over a period of 18 months, 17 surveys have allowed us to identify 1287 rockfalls with a magnitude above 0.005 m3 on a scanned surface of 12 056 m2. In addition, meteorological instruments and a 550 cm thermistor string have been installed directly on a vertical rockwall. It appears that some weather conditions influence the occurrence, frequency and magnitude of rockfalls. In winter, rockfall frequency is 12 times higher during a superficial thaw than during a cold period in which temperature remains below 0 ∘C. In summer, rockfall frequency is 22 times higher during a heavy rainfall event than during a mainly dry period. Superficial freeze–thaw cycles (< 50 cm) cause mostly a high frequency of small-magnitude events, while deeper spring thaw (> 100 cm) results in a high frequency of large-magnitude events. The influence of weather conditions on rockfall frequency and magnitude is crucial in order to improve risk management, since large-magnitude events represent higher potential hazards. This study provides a classification of weather conditions based on their ability to trigger rockfalls of different magnitudes. This knowledge could be used to implement a risk management strategy.

Framework for Geometric Information Extraction and Digital Modeling from LiDAR Data of Road Scenarios

Road geometric information and a digital model based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can perform accurate geometric inventories and three-dimensional (3D) descriptions for as-built roads and infrastructures. However, unorganized point clouds and complex road scenarios would reduce the accuracy of geometric information extraction and digital modeling. There is a standardization need for information extraction and 3D model construction that integrates point cloud processing and digital modeling. This paper develops a framework from semantic segmentation to geometric information extraction and digital modeling based on LiDAR data. A semantic segmentation network is improved for the purpose of dividing the road surface and infrastructure. The road boundary and centerline are extracted by the alpha-shape and Voronoi diagram methods based on the semantic segmentation results. The road geometric information is obtained by a coordinate transformation matrix and the least square method. Subsequently, adaptive road components are constructed using Revit software. Thereafter, the road route, road entity model, and various infrastructure components are generated by the extracted geometric information through Dynamo and Revit software. Finally, a detailed digital model of the road scenario is developed. The Toronto-3D and Semantic3D datasets are utilized for analysis through training and testing. The overall accuracy (OA) of the proposed net for the two datasets is 95.3 and 95.0%, whereas the IoU of segmented road surfaces is 95.7 and 97.9%. This indicates that the proposed net could accomplish superior performance for semantic segmentation of point clouds. The mean absolute errors between the extracted and manually measured geometric information are marginal. This demonstrates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed extraction methods. Thus, the proposed framework could provide a reference for accurate extraction and modeling from LiDAR data.

EVALUASI KINERJA RUTE KENDARAAN ANGKUTAN BARANG KOTA DUMAI DAN PEMODELAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI PTV VISUM 22

Dumai City is a developing area, especially in the industrial sector. This is evidenced by the large number of large industries in Dumai City. The existence of this industry means that there are goods transportation that operates and of course it also affects the condition of the road pavement. Currently, the arrangement is managed by the Dumai City Transportation Service. The current route (the Existing Route) is the Provincial and National Road Routes. It is known that this route is a priority road where this road is the only road that connects the vehicle to a destination such as a factory or PT in Dumai City. So that in this condition causes an increase in the volume of the route traversed. From the problems that occur, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the freight vehicle route to find out whether the route is still feasible to accommodate the vehicles being passed. The method that can be used to analyze the performance of the freight transport route is the Indonesian net capacity guideline (PKJI) 2014. With the development of technology, it can make it easier to provide a visual description or simulation of the condition of the route being evaluated, the software used as a tool in modeling namely PTV Visum 22. From the performance evaluation of the route of the freight vehicle using the 2014 PKJI method, the route of the freight vehicle is still able to accommodate the volume of passing vehicles. However, on Jalan Soekarno Hatta (Rawa Panjang) there is almost a traffic jam where the service level is D, which is approaching an unstable flow where almost all drivers will be restricted (disturbed). The volume of service is related to the capacity that can be tolerated, and it is recommended to do road widening and the results of modeling using the PTV Visum 22 application show that the highest loading of freight vehicles occurs on Jl. Soekarno Hatta (Rawa Panjang) which connects zone 1 to zone 2 is 246 movements.

To the issue of developing working land management projects to improve the condition of agricultural land and protect land from erosion in Ukraine

Scientific and methodical approaches to the development of working land management projects for improving the condition of agricultural land and protecting land from erosion are proposed. The main reasons for the emergence and active development of erosion processes are the irrational destruction of natural vegetation, the deterioration of the infiltration and water-absorbing capacity of soils and their anti-erosion resistance. Modern soil erosion is mainly related to human agricultural activities. But in the absence of protective measures, it also develops in the territories of settlements and industrial enterprises, road routes, etc. Therefore, a planned and effective war against erosion is an integral part of the entire system of anti-erosion organization of the territory, and should include such basic measures as: organizational and economic, agrotechnical, forest improvement, hydrotechnical, which must interact, be designed and implemented in harmony with each other. The obtained results can be used in the development of working land management projects and the implementation of comprehensive measures to improve the condition of the land and protect the soil from erosion.

Transport and economic justification of road routing options (on the example of Arkhangelsk - Naryan-Mar automobile route)

The Arctic region has received increasing attention in recent years. One of the topical areas of transport system development in the Russian Federation is the transit potential of the Arctic region as well as transport connections with the Barents region countries. The purpose of the research is to make a transport and economic research of variants of automobile transport network development in the Barents region - the transport route Arkhangelsk - Naryan-Mar. The research objectives are: to analyse regional transport network of Nenets Autonomous District; to develop versions of Arkhangelsk - Naryan-Mar transport routes; to estimate transport and economic characteristics and choose a variant of motor transport route. Two variants of the Arkhangelsk - Naryan-Mar road route have been considered in the course of this work. The first one is 887 kilometres long and goes along the sparsely populated territory, through the village Volokovaya. The second route is 940 km long. It is situated in the north through 10 settlements, including the town of Mezen, the administrative centre of Mezen municipal district. A more feasible route is the second option, which runs along the shores of the Mezen Bay of the White Sea and the Chesh Bay of the Pechora Sea. In spite of the fact that this route is 77 km longer than Route 1, it will be a transport artery, passing through 10 settlements, among which is the town of Mezen, the administrative centre of Mezen municipal district.

EFFECT OF TRANSIT ROAD ROUTES ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PERI-URBAN CROP FARMERS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

The research was carried out to assess the effect of transit road route on productivity and quality of life of peri-urban crop farmers in north central Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to sample 152 peri-urban crop farmers. Data collection was done through well-structured questionnaire/interview schedule. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as; tables, frequencies, percentages, Likert scale fashion, means, multiple linear regression and multinomial logistics regression. The result for the socioeconomic characteristics for Peri-urban crop farmers revealed that, a good proportion of sampled respondents 43.4% fell within the age brackets of 36-45years., 59.9% were male, 55.9% had secondary education, 58.6% had household size of 5-8persons, 86.8% peri-urban crop farmers indulged only in farming activity., 45.4% had annual income of ₦251,000-₦351,000., 74.3% had farm size of 1-3ha. The result for effect of transit road routes on productivity of peri-urban crop farmers revealed that, farm size (β=.085, t=2.626) and quantity of herbicide used (β=.268, t=8.289) were positive and statistically significant predictors of productivity of peri-urban crop farmers. While, transit road routes, labour employed, quantity of fertilizer used and quantity of seed used were all statistically non-significant predictors of productivity of peri-urban crop farmers. The result of multinomial logistic regression for the effect of transit road routes on quality of life of Peri-urban crop farmers in north central Nigeria revealed that, nature of the transit road route (categorical variable) show a statistical significance value for peri-urban crop farmers in moderate quality of life category. But, not for nature of transit routes for peri-urban farmers in the good quality of life category. This suggests that, there is a statistical significant association between nature of transit routes and quality of life of peri-urban crop farmers in moderate quality of life category compared to those in the poor quality of life category (reference category). While, there was no statistical association for nature of transit road route on crop farmers in good quality of life compared to peri-urban crop farmers in poor quality of life. The coefficient for transit road routes for peri-urban crop farmers in moderate quality of life revealed that a statistical significant relation exists (p =.038) for crop farmers in moderate quality of life category. On the other hand, the coefficient of transit road routes for peri-urban crop farmers in good quality of life category revealed a statistical non-significant relation exists (p =.309) for crop farmers in good quality of life category. Based on this finding from the research, the study therefore recommends that, Government should maintain a balance distribution of transit road of the geographical zones in the country from state down to the local government areas. There is need for increase funding for road development and plan for continuous improvement of existing roads for enhanced development and transcendental uniform distribution of improved productivity and quality of life in the peri-urban communities in Nigeria.

A simple approach on forest roads drainage structures planning using GIS: A case study of Şile-Turkey

Forest roads provide access to forest resources for conducting several forestry activities such as production, protection, afforestation, management, recreation and firefighting. Both drainage structures and pavement should be completed for forest roads to serve safely and for a long time. This study aimed to determine both cross-sections and types of drainage structures for newly built forest roads, using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. ArcGIS Pro software was used for analysis in the study. The total length of the forest road used in the study area was 7920 m, where 31 drainage structures was planned to be built at stream crossings along the road route. Considering the cross-sections of drainage areas along the route, it has been decided to construct a total of 31 drainage structures, including 25 pipes, 5 culverts and 1 bridge. GIS technology produces accurate and fast results in terms of determining cross-sectional areas in drainage structures on forest roads. A simple GIS-based approach reduces the stabilization and drainage problems and construction and maintenance costs in forest road design compared to traditional land evaluation methods. Thanks to its capacity to process big data and simple hydrological empirical calculations, GIS has significant gains in terms of accuracy and time consumption and is included in the planning forest road designs.

Detecting dynamic visual attention in augmented reality aided navigation environment based on a multi-feature integration fully convolutional network

ABSTRACT Visual attention detection, as an important concept for human visual behavior research, has been widely studied. However, previous studies seldom considered the feature integration mechanism to detect visual attention and rarely considered the differences due to different geographical scenes. In this paper, we use an augmented reality aided (AR-aided) navigation experimental dataset to study human visual behavior in a dynamic AR-aided environment. Then, we propose a multi-feature integration fully convolutional network (M-FCN) based on a self-adaptive environment weight (SEW) to integrate RGB-D, semantic, optical flow and spatial neighborhood features to detect human visual attention. The result shows that the M-FCN performs better than other state-of-the-art saliency models. In addition, the introduction of feature integration mechanism and the SEW can improve the accuracy and robustness of visual attention detection. Meanwhile, we find that RGB-D and semantic features perform best in different road routes and road types, but with the increase in road type complexity, the expressiveness of these two features weakens, and the expressiveness of optical flow and spatial neighborhood features increases. The research is helpful for AR-device navigation tool design and urban spatial planning.

Development of Sericulture in the Eastern Adriatic during the Austrian Administration

The production of silk, the queen of natural fibres, began in ancient China and was a well-kept secret for millennia. As silk was used for a variety of purposes, not only in making luxury clothes, wallpapers, and other expensive textile items, but also in papermaking and the production of musical instruments and fishing gear, it became a much desired commodity, which the Chinese exported along the Silk Road routes all the way to the Mediterranean. When seedlings of mulberry trees, silkworm eggs, and the knowledge of silk craftsmanship arrived in Constantinople in the 6th century, the tradition of sericulture and silk craftsmanship spread to numerous Mediterranean areas, including Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Eastern Adriatic. Based on relevant literature and some previously unexplored archival sources, this paper presents the development of sericulture (cocoon or pupa production) and silk craftsmanship (making silk products) in the Eastern Adriatic region during the 18th and 19th centuries. Our research focuses on Croatia, at that time under the domination of the Habsburg Monarchy and divided into two parts – the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (with the capital in Zagreb) and the Kingdom of Dalmatia (with the capital in Zadar).

İnsansız Hava Araçlarının Orman Yolu Projelerinde Kullanımı

Road networks are accepted as a criterion showing the level of development of countries. Undoubtedly, the role of highways in facilitating human life is quite important. However, road routes involve high cost land surveying studies that can pass through areas with various land use types and cover.For forest road routes to be built in forest areas, points representing the land surface can be obtained by various measurement methods (remote sensing, photogrammetry and terrestrial measurement techniques). Depending on the land structure and cover, difficulties are encountered in the determination of spatial points with terrestrial measurement techniques. In this study, as an alternative to the terrestrial measurement technique, 341 m long forest road excavation and filling calculations were carried out with the help of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. Photo pairs taken from different heights (50 m, 75 m and 100 m) with real-time kinematics (RTK) GPS UAV were processed with Agisoft to produce a point cloud. The point cloud data obtained by digital photogrammetry and land measurement methods were carried out in NetCAD environment for the excavation and filling calculations for the same road route. Between the two methods, in the 50 m, 75 m and 100 m measurements of the UAV obtained by ground measurement; In the calculation of the UAV 50m measurement amount, 0.27% in the total excavation amount and 1.08% difference in the total filling amount, 2.51% in the total excavation amount and 5.22% in the total filling amount in the calculation of the UAV 75 m measurement amount, and the total difference in the UAV 100m measurement amount in the calculation of the UAV 50m measurement amount. A difference of 3.13% in the amount of excavation and 2.53% in the total amount of filling was determined. These results show that UAV photogrammetry is very effective in forest road projects and in calculating the amount of earthwork volume in mountainous terrain.

Experimental Study of Cyclist’ Sensitivity When They Are Overtaken by a Motor Vehicle: A Pilot Study in a Street without Cycle Lanes

The objective of this work is to study the sensitivity of cyclists who are overtaken by a motor vehicle in a street route without cycling lanes. To achieve this, an experimental method is proposed in which 17 cyclists were recruited and classified into two groups: non-experienced users and experienced ones. In each run, the motor vehicle generated a stimulus presented on the route, considering different speeds and distances in the overtaken maneuver of the motor vehicle. The sensitivity was reported by audiovisual records to capture the stimuli to which they were subjected. The results obtained show that an experienced cyclist reacts 1.27 times faster than a non-experienced one. This advantage gives experienced users greater safety and a level of confidence on the road, since being able to go faster, reduces their relative speed difference with motor vehicles and gives such cyclists a greater feeling of comfort during their trip. As future research, it is proposed to carry out studies with different types of cyclists and group size to be able to compare the perceived sensitivities of making the trip individually versus one made collectively for different types of road infrastructure such as dedicated cycling pathways.

Selection Model of Use of the Elevated Toll Road Route in Makassar City

This study aims to analyze the selection of the A.P. Pettarani Elevated Toll Road route. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and reviewing respondents to describe the travel characteristics of A.P. Pettarani Elevated Toll Road respondents using Ms. Excel to process the data. The results showed that in the selection of A.P. Pettarani elevated toll road to the airport, and the dominant respondents entered the toll road through the Bakti road where the traveler was aged 50-59 years old, with the last education being a bachelor’s degree, working as an officer, with an income of IDR 4.5M-5.5M. The travel costs incurred are IDR20-30K, travel distance of 7-11 km, travel time of 10-20 minutes, and travel frequency of 15-20 times a month to travel for work/business. In the selection of travel routes using the A.P. Pettarani elevated toll road to the port, the dominant respondents entered the overpass toll road through the Rappocini road, where the traveler was aged 20-29 years old, with the last education being a bachelor’s degree, working as an officer, with an income of IDR 4.5M-5.5M. The travel costs incurred are IDR20-30K, travel distance of 7-11 km, travel time of 20-30 minutes, and travel frequency of 15-20 times to travel for work/business.