Street Parking Research Articles

An Application of Mist Generator as a Way to Reduce Particulate Matter during High Concentration Episodes in Urban Forests

Previous conventional mist devices can induce a detrimental effect of leaf burn by intense, focused sunlight in summer. A mist generator is designed to prevent particulate matter (PM) damage to trees by combining mist with PM during high PM episodes. We measured changes in microclimate conditions and the concentration of PM before, during, and after mist spraying in urban parks (Yangjae Citizen Forest, YCF; Cheongdam Road Park, CRP) from May 6 to 8, 2020. PM changes in YCF and CRP were observed immediately after mist spraying and were found to return to the previous concentrations. Mist spraying had no significant effects on the meteorological traits of air temperature, humidity, and wind speed but had significant effects on the concentration of PMx and the ratio of PM during a short time. Also, the ratio of PMx was partially affected by mist spraying. During the morning rush hour and lunch, mist, high wind speed, and low relative humidity conditions were related to the increase in mist movement, resulting in increasing PM (2.5–10 μm) and the deposition of these PM. During the evening rush hour, high relative humidity and low wind speed affected PM concentrations more than mist. This prototype of mist spraying could effectively condense and deposit the PM during high PM episodes.

Research on Automatic Generation of Park Road Network Based on Skeleton Algorithm

Research on Automatic Generation of Park Road Network Based on Skeleton Algorithm

Assessing bicycle safety risks using emerging mobile sensing data

The surge in global electric bicycle ownership has exerted immense pressure on bicycle infrastructure. Theoretically, there’s a need to reassess the risk factors associated with multiple bike lane users. Based on this, there’s a practical need to re-evaluate the safety and quality of outdated infrastructure. This paper aims to reconsider risk factors related to bicycle infrastructure safety in the context of electric bicycles sharing lanes with traditional bicycles. Moreover, many countries lack precise spatial data concerning bicycle infrastructure. This study introduces a mobile sensing method based on bicycles, aiming to acquire daytime and nighttime bike lane datasets in a cost-effective, efficient, and large-scale manner. A computer vision-based bicycle risk factor assessment model was established, and the distribution of bicycle safety risk factors was visually analyzed. Research data was collected from a representative 59.5-kilometer bicycle lane area in Beijing. The results confirm the significant impact of the surge in electric bicycles, with electric bike users accounting for 72.1% of cyclists, 32.3% wearing helmets, and 8.4% riding against traffic. During the day, the highest-ranking risk factors include the type of bicycle lanes (half lacking dedicated lanes or being shared), roadside parking, and subpar road conditions. At night, insufficient street lighting are notable concerns. The research methodology is easily replicable and can be extended to new multi-user coexistence cycling environments or countries without bicycle spatial data, offering insights for bicycle safety policies and road design.

Parking Space Demand Study for Dondo Market, Tojo Una-Una District

The current parking space at Dondo Market is not effective because it still uses the road shoulder and is not well organised. When the market is busy, the parking area is full of two- and four-wheeled vehicles, spilling over onto the road, causing congestion and disturbing road users. Therefore, an analysis is needed to determine the ideal parking space requirements. The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations for parking space requirements and design its layout, as well as analyse traffic performance on Jl. Tj. Keramat before and after the parking facility. The results show that the market manager should provide potential land for off street parking. There is vacant land to the right and left of the market with a total area of 6,985 m2 which exceeds the current parking demand. If needed, there is still vacant land owned by the community around the market that can be developed as an additional parking area.

KAJIAN EFEKTIFITAS POLA SIRKULASI KAWASAN WISATA DESA TRADISONAL PENGLIPURAN

Bali, as one of the main tourist destinations in Indonesia, has a variety of attractions, including the Penglipuran Traditional Tourism Village in Bangli Regency. The popularity of this tourist village has led to a significant increase in vehicle flow, especially on weekends and holidays, resulting in congestion around tourist areas. Vehicles parked carelessly on the side of the road interfere with mobility for both locals and other tourists. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of current circulation patterns and identify potential solutions. Using a qualitative method with a naturalistic approach, this study will observe and analyze vehicle movement patterns, parking behavior, and their impact on traffic and visitor comfort. The results of this study are expected to provide recommendations for more effective circulation pattern arrangement, including parking management, alternative routes, and road infrastructure improvements. With the implementation of the right solutions, it is hoped that the comfort and experience of tourists in the Penglipuran Traditional Tourism Village can be significantly improved, while maintaining smooth traffic for local residents.

Checklist of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Succulents of Apulia (Southern Italy).

In this study we focused on the need to fill a knowledge gap among Italian botanical studies namely that of ornamental species census. In particular, we addressed one of the regions in southern Italy with less knowledge in the field of such studies and with an obvious presence of non-native species. A widespread census of the Apulian territory was carried out between 2021 and 2024 in both urban and suburban areas including street trees, parks, and private and historic gardens. The inventory of ornamental trees, shrubs, and succulents of Apulia (southern Italy) was carried out in six provinces, i.e., Bari, Barletta-Andria-Trani, Brindisi, Foggia, Lecce, and Taranto. The checklist comprises 287 taxa (including 265 species, 6 varieties, 5 subspecies, and 11 forms) included in 179 genera belonging to 78 families. We evaluated the number of taxa per families and genera, the presence of each taxa in the provinces of Apulia, the number of taxa per occurrence status, growth forms, geographical origin, and the number of native and alien taxa and also the artificial hybrids. Remarks of the most significant taxa and evaluation of geographical distribution in Italy were also taken into consideration. A large number of surveyed taxa (51.74%) are comprised in the list reported in the recent study on allochthonous vascular flora in Italy with a marked prevalence of Neophyte Casual Alien and Neophyte Naturalized Alien species.

Understanding urban green spaces through lenses of sensory experience: a case study of neighborhood parks in Dhaka city

ABSTRACT Physical, psychological, and emotional stress are common in today’s Dhaka city, which can be intense or sensory excruciating. Urban green space is considered a healthy environment for mental repair and well-being in urban domains. The senses (vision, touch, sound, smell, and taste) are essential in interpreting and experiencing the place and city. Therefore, the sensory experience is a multimodal awareness of environment that can impact users’ health, pleasure, and emotions. This paper aims to methodically explore the intricate sensory fabric and spatial components responsible for users’ sensory experiences that are necessary for planning and designing healthier neighborhood parks. This paper outlines the methods and findings of the study conducted in two parks in Dhaka city’s distinct neighborhoods at different times of the day and week to record users’ activity patterns and sensory experiences. Justice Shahabuddin Park in Gulshan and Tajmahal Road Park, Mohammadpur, were chosen as the study locations to be investigated. The analysis comprised a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, such as ethnographic research and on-site observation, geographical mapping, surveys, and walk-along interviews to capture subjective and objective sensory data and daily rhythms of neighborhood park users. The results suggest that all senses are essential in building healthy, inclusive urban green spaces.

Conflict among the National Union of Road Transport Workers in Akure, Nigeria: causes, consequences and management strategies

This study examined the causes, consequences, and strategies for managing organizational conflict among the National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) in Akure, Nigeria, to achieve sustainable peace and harmonious relationships among union members, and actualize better transport service delivery to the larger society. A survey design was adopted to elicit primary data through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with NURTW members. Desk research was also used to gather relevant information from the literature. Hundred (100) questionnaires were purposively and randomly administered to commercial drivers who are members of the National Union of Road Transport Workers in Akure. The survey was done across three major parks in Akure: Cathedral Park, Ondo Road Park and Benin Garage Park. They were selected because they are mostly dominated by the members of NURTW, and mostly patronized by passengers. The data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive and inferential statistics; in the form of frequencies, percentages, bar charts, and logistic regression. The study found that most of the NURTW members were males, and were majorly in the economic productive year between the ages of 35 and 45. Findings further revealed that government or political interference is a major cause of conflict among NURTW members. The aftermath of conflict among the union usually resulted in disruptions of the union activities and destruction of lives and properties. The bargaining approach in managing conflict is the most effective strategy for addressing conflict among NURTW members in Akure, Nigeria.

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Walking in and Viewing Autumn Forests in Urban Park in Japanese and Indonesian Adults

Abstract Park therapy can improve mental health and reduce stress levels. We investigated how walking in and viewing autumn forests affected people’s physiological and psychological responses. The experiments were carried out on one walking route to one viewing point in urban park and city street and involved 20 adults. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored to evaluate physiological effects, while the Profile of Mood States and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were employed to assess psychological effects. Walking along the edge of an autumn forest may have resulted in a lower heart rate and systolic blood pressure than walking in the city street. The average heart rate of Japanese adults was significantly lower than that of Indonesians. All negative mood states were lower; vigor was higher after viewing autumn forests in Indonesians than in Japanese. Confusion, tension, and total mood disturbance were lower in Japanese than in Indonesians after viewing the autumn forest. The anxiety level was lower after walking among Indonesians and viewing the autumn forest among all adults. Finally, walking in and viewing autumn forests in an urban park leads to physiological and psychological relaxation.

Integrated Parking Spaces Arrangement in Commercial Areas (Case Study: Cirebon City)

The effect of on street parking in urban commercial areas can cause a degradation of road performance. Therefore, the development of an integrated parking system is crucial to be carried out in commercial areas so that the performance of road sections does not degrade and does not cause heavy congestion. This study aims to provide recommendations for integrated parking locations based on existing parking conditions in the study area, so that they can be integrated and combined in one location. The method used is a primary survey that refers to the guidelines of the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (IRCM) 1997 in analyzing traffic performance, and refer to the Guidelines for the Implementation of Parking Facilities 1997 in analyzing parking conditions. Meanwhile, for recommendations in determining alternative parking locations using SWOT analysis. The result of this research is the proposed location for integrated parking at Pasar Balong with the recommendation of a 4-floor building. The SWOT analysis showed that its strengths are its strategic location and high parking demand, its weaknesses are land limitations and lack of integrated parking management, its opportunities are potential for revenue and increased traffic flow, and its threats are resistance from local businesses and significant investment needs. The implication of this study is to provide a solution to the problem of roadside parking in commercial areas that interfere with traffic flow, improve the efficiency and accessibility of parking facilities for the community, and become a reference for further research on integrated parking management in other commercial areas.

Analysis of the current situation and a proposal to solve the parking problem in the center of the city of Banja Luka by introducing new street parking spaces

In the course of 2023, due to the expansion of the infrastructure, the center of the city of Banja Luka was left without four off-street to one street parking lots, which resulted in the loss of a total of 442 public parking spaces. Given that there is less and less free space on which new off-street parking lots could be built, the goal of the work is to find new locations suitable for the introduction of street parking spaces in the narrow and wider city center. As one of the solutions, Kralja Petra I Karađorđevića street and Vidovdanska street proved to be the best. In part of these streets, one-way traffic takes place on a road with three traffic lanes, and in terms of dimensions, it is possible to introduce street parking lots without causing traffic congestion. In this way, 2.2 kilometers of road would be obtained on which 220 new street parking spaces could be built, which fully correspond to the location, and provide safety and easy access to the parking space.

Assessment of Airborne Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Motor Parks in Benin City, Nigeria

Aim: The study was aimed at assessing airborne bacteria and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the motor parks in Benin City. Methodology: Airborne bacteria samples were collected in the motor parks (Central, Ugbowo, Agip, 19th Street, and Ekosodin Park), in Benin City using the settled plate method on Nutrient and MacConkey agar. Temperature, relative humidity, and airborne bacteria of the different parks were determined. The bacterial isolates were identified using phenotypic method. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was investigated by the disc diffusion method. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened for Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production potentials. Virulence factor analysis and detection of ESBL genes (TEM, CTX-M, SHV, and OXA) were carried out on the selected ESBL producers. Results: The relative humidity recorded at the parks at the point of agar plate exposure ranged from 82 ̶ 90%. The airborne heterotrophic bacterial and coliform counts from the motor parks ranged from 9.50±0.63 × 102 ̶ 1.18±0.02 ×103 cfu/m3 and 2,48±0.41×102 ̶ 3.30±0.41×102 cfu/m3 respectively. The identified Enterobacteriaceae were Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter koseri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter diversus. The isolate with highest frequency of occurrence was E. coli with values of 30.48 %. The isolate K. pneumoniae had the highest MAR index of 0.8. The isolate S. marcescens had the highest virulent factor of 60% and possessed all the ESBL genes detected. Conclusion: Strong infection control measures should be put in place because more ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae have emerged in the surroundings of specific parks in Benin City.

Memorializing Women on the Move: A register of migrant women landmarks in Europe.

This dataset was developed by COST Action 19112 Women on the Move (WEMov), which engages in unveiling women migrants' presence and participation in the construction of Europe. The dataset was built as a register of toponyms and monuments in the political and public landscape in Europe - such as street names, school names and parks, as well as statues and memorials - that celebrate women migrants. With the dataset we want to discover how women migrants are remembered and what kind of landmarks present these individuals who have had an episode of migration for a variety of reasons. Moreover, our aim is to make these landmarks and the stories of women migrants visible by presenting the results of the dataset in an interactive map on our website. At the moment, the dataset includes 1000 landmarks. The collection of data was based on voluntary work of scholars and students from over 40 different European countries. We have aimed for broad geographical coverage; however, some areas are better represented than others due the nature of data collection. The collection of data is an ongoing process and therefore the dataset in Nakala repository, to which this data note refers, presents the situation in July 2023. Updated versions of the dataset will be made available in Nakala and we will download new landmarks to our interactive map on a regular basis. The selected landmarks and migrant trajectories feature cross-community or cross-cultural migration. They show both typical and exceptional forms of mobility and present women of different age, profession, social status and migration status. This intersectionality of the project and the dataset highlights not only the richness of these landmarks and their value for scholarship but also the wide spectrum of migrant women and their contribution to society.

Review of Optimized Feeder Vehicle Systems in Developing Countries

With the population growth and changes in travel patterns, transportation demand in urban cities continue to increase rapidly. Since it is a cause for higher traffic densities, poor parking facilities, air pollution and road accidents, transport planners have to provide a system, which can ensure safe and comfortable mobility to all users as well as suppliers’ perspectives. Therefore, developing an affordable and efficient public transportation network is a critical goal for developing countries seeking to address urban mobility challenges. Feeder vehicle systems, which provide the first and last mile connectivity to the passengers, offers an opportunity for creating a system capable of meeting multiple needs of users and operators. It is an effective public transportation system that already operates in developed countries. It offers immense potential for improving accessibility and reducing congestion. However, the implementation of effective feeder system in developing countries is fraught with challenges due to uncoordinated transit networks, infrastructure limitations, and budget constraints. This paper presents a critical review of recent planning methodologies and selected decision support systems for optimizing feeder transport services.

Study on the Spatial Arrangement of Urban Parkland under the Perspective of Equity—Taking Harbin Main City as an Example

The connotation and measurement standard of “fairness” in parkland planning is closely related to the level of urban development and residents’ needs, with solid realism and dynamics, and it is still a complex problem to control accurately in planning. Therefore, to conduct a more comprehensive study, taking the main urban area of Harbin as an example, this paper combined urban development background and practical problems at different stages and, based on POI and AOI data, divided the connotation of “equity” in park green space planning into two levels: “spatial equity” and “social equity”. Based on these two levels of fairness, the research framework of urban park green space layout is constructed. Kernel density estimation and GIS-based network analysis were used to study the spatial layout and accessibility of urban parkland. The ability to match supply and demand for parkland in the study area as a whole was analyzed using a gridded two-step moving search method, as well as the degree of equity in the enjoyment of urban parkland by vulnerable groups including the elderly and children using the Lorenz curve with the Gini coefficient, the share index, and the entropy of the locality. The results show that: (1) the parkland is concentrated in the seven main urban areas of the two–two junctions, and the cohesion distribution trend is outside the distribution. (2) Motorized vehicles have the best 15-min accessibility for travel, but it still does not cover all the parkland. (3) Supply and demand within the region are unsatisfactory, with the area with the strongest supply and demand capacity for parkland accounting for only 3.19% of the total area. (4) The Gini coefficient of parkland enjoyed by the residents of Harbin city center is 0.407, with a massive gap in the overall distribution. In addition, the share index of vulnerable groups of the elderly and children all have share indices below 1, and the results of the analysis of locational entropy indicate that the level of street park green space resources enjoyed by these two groups belongs to the low socio-spatial equity pattern, which is not balanced. This study investigates the spatial layout of urban parkland from two equity levels, which can provide new ideas for the equity study of urban green space planning.

Estimating aboveground volume of diverse urban tree species: Developing allometric equations for higher taxonomic levels

Allometric equations are essential for quantifying carbon storage in trees; however, owing to the high species diversity in urban green spaces, the development of allometric equations for all urban tree species is not feasible. In this study, we estimated the aboveground volume of urban trees and determined the fitness of several allometric equations. We compared the equations for different taxonomic levels, i.e., division, family, and species. A field survey was conducted across three types of urban green spaces (street trees, parks, and residential gardens) in three cities (Seoul, Goyang, and Wonju) in South Korea. We estimated the aboveground volumes of 1080 trees from their diameter measurements using a laser dendrometer, carried out at successive points from the ground to the top of the trees. Various tree size metrics, such as the diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and/or crown diameter, were applied as independent variable(s) in the equations. For gymnosperm trees, the allometric equations for higher taxonomic levels (RMSE: 0.011 m3) yielded goodness-of-fits similar to those at the species level (RMSE: 0.009 m3). For angiosperm trees, the family-level allometric equations satisfactorily covered the inter-species heterogeneity of tree shape, whereas the division-level allometric equations did not. The scaling exponent coefficients of allometric equations for each family (b = 1.65−2.69) linearly increased with an increasing mean height-to-DBH ratio. Although the allometric equations based on crown diameter were more unstable than those based on the DBH, integrating the height variable into the equations could ensure the feasibility of the allometric equations based on crown diameter. Our study facilitates the development of nationally specific emission factors for settlement areas and suggests the applicability of generalized or crown-based allometric equations for urban trees.

ANALISIS KAPASITAS RUANG PARKIR OFF STREET DI RUMAH SAKIT JASA KARTINI KOTA TASIKMALAYA

Jasa Kartini Hospital is located on Jalan Otto Iskandardinata Tasikmalaya City. Seen during rush hour, the available parking lot often accommodates the number of vehicles that exceed the capacity it should be. Therefore, Jasa Kartini Hospital needs enough parking space to meet the needs of visitors. The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of off street parking spaces as well as static and dynamic capacities at Jasa Kartini Hospital Tasikmalaya City. This research uses quantitative methods by measuring parking area and taking data on parking volume and parking duration. Then analysis is carried out to obtain results static and dynamic capacity at the location. The results ofthis study can be concluded that the capacity of off street parking spaces of Jasa Kartini Hospital Tasikmalaya City has a land area of 450.83 for motorcycles and 800.54 for cars. The parking volume of motorcycles is 607 vehicles and cars are 348 vehicles. The accumulation of motorcycle parking is 322 vehicles and cars are 88 vehicles. The duration of parking for motorbikes is 577 minutes and cars are 554 minutes. The motorcycle parking index was 156.31% and cars were 237.84%. The static capacity of off street parking spaces at Jasa Kartini Hospital Tasikmalaya City resulted in the number of motorbike parking of 206 SRP while the need for parking spaces was 227 SRP and cars amounted to 37 SRP while the need for parking spaces was 44 SRP. And for the dynamic capacity of motorcycles, the largest occurred on Sunday at 972.74 and the smallest on Thursday at 526.34. The largest dynamic capacity of the car occurred on Wednesday at 583.23 and the smallest occurred on Sunday at 215.50.

ANALISIS KAPASITAS RUANG PARKIR OFF STREET DI PLAZA ASIA KOTA TASIKMALAYA

Plaza Asia is located on Jalan HZ Mustofa No. 326 Tugujaya, Cihideung District, Tasikmalaya City is a shopping center that offers a variety of shops and outlets. Plaza Asia Kota Tasikmalaya has several off street parking lots, including the main parking lot for motorcycles and the building's main parking lot for cars. During peak hours, it is seen that the main parking lot for motorcycles and building parking lots often exceed the capacity they should, so it is necessary to analyze the availability of the main parking lot for motorcycles and the main parking lot for cars in Plaza Asia Kota Tasikmalaya. The method used in this study is the observation method. The observation method is carried out by means of direct surveys in the field. Primary data Primary data is data obtained from the results of field surveys, including parking accumulation, parking volume, and parking duration. The secondary data is the Plaza Asia Plan of Tasikmalaya City. Based on data analysis and discussions that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the capacity of Plaza Asia Tasikmalaya off-street parking spaces has a land area of 1,441,125 for motorcycles and 3,016.45 for cars. The volume of motorcycle parking is 2482 vehicles and cars are 1294 vehicles. The accumulated parking lot of motorcycles was 1,073 vehicles and cars were 306 vehicles. The duration of parking motorbikes is 552 minutes and cars are 484 minutes. The largest parking index for motorcycles was 182.48% and cars was 100.33%. The static capacity of off street parking spaces in Plaza Asia Kota Tasikmalaya resulted in the number of motorbike parking of 588 SRP and cars of 305 SRP. And for dynamic capacity obtained by direct survey to the field, the largest dynamic capacity of motorcycles occurred on Tuesday at 3918.54 and the smallest on Saturday at 2991.81. The largest dynamic capacity of the car occurred on Tuesday at 2488.17 and the smallest occurred on Sunday at 1631.87. Based on the conclusions obtained from the analysis above, it is necessary to optimize parking spaces on weekdays and weekends. And installed traffic signs are prohibited from parking on the road body along the Plaza Asia area of Tasikmalaya City.

Parking choice behavior of urban village residents considering parking risk: An integrated modeling approach

With rising car ownership, the demand for parking and land for parking is increasing rapidly. This strains urban land resources and accentuates the performance of urban villages, characterized by limited space, high building density, narrow roadways, and few parking spaces, making parking challenging. To address this, the study focuses on guiding residents' parking choices from a parking management perspective, aiming to reduce the demand for parking spots among village members. In April 2021, a survey was conducted in Shenzhen City, where urban villages are widely dispersed. The survey revealed that residents primarily rely on on-street parking within the village, off-street parking within the village, and on-street parking outside the village. Due to the unquantifiable nature of the latent variable of parking risk and the impact of individual heterogeneity, this paper adopts a discrete selection model that integrates principal component analysis and mixed logit model (PCA-ML). The model demonstrated a good fit, indicating that parking charges, search time, and walking distance to home have negative impacts on parking choices. In addition, street parking outside the village is positively influenced by the parking risk attitude variable, while village parking remains unaffected. This study assists authoritative departments in understanding the factors that influence parking management in urban villages, thereafter, adopting targeted guidance to direct residents in urban villages to park their vehicles, mitigating the current situation of parking difficulties in urban villages. Furthermore, it contributes to achieve equitable and sustainable development of urban villages.

Analysis of visual effects of urban landscape based on eye movement experiments——taking Park Road in Yanji City as an example

In this study, the visual effect of Park Road landscape in Yanji City was investigated through a combination of questionnaire survey and eye movement analysis, and the correlation between the evaluation factors of Park Road landscape and the subjects’ points of interest was explored. It was found that there was a strong correlation between subjective evaluation factors and landscape aesthetics; the subjects’ eyes were mainly focused on the vanishing point, while the colorful lighting projects and billboards were more attractive points of interest. The results of this study can provide a reference for Park Road landscape planning and a reference method for subsequent landscape studies.