Social Road Research Articles

Historical Interpretation and Modern Analysis of Mao Zedong's on the Ten Relationships based on the Construction of Socialist Road with Chinese Characteristics

As Mao Zedong's representative ideological work, On the Ten Relationships has not been practiced and tested in Chinese society, but it still plays an important role in guiding the development of China's development in terms of ideology and theory. In addition to studying and exploring the historical background at that time, this paper also carries out a comprehensive analysis and exploration of some of Mao's personal problems, especially in the interpretation of the "On the Ten Relationships" article by article, which is connected to some of the social events. In terms of research methodology, this paper mainly adopts the reverse reasoning of logic of thought as the method of reverse research, in addition to the use of the main axis of time and causal variables as a mixed analysis.

Discussion on the Origin of Chinese Modernization from the Perspective of Classical Marxist Theory

Chinese modernization is socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and it is the contemporary form of Chinese socialist modernization under the grand historical vision, which has considerable research value. This paper mainly combines the theoretical vision with the historical vision, studies and discusses the origin of Chinese modernization, from China’s “Oriental society,” a modern prehistoric social form, to modern China stepping on the socialist road under the basic circumstances of world history, and takes the initiative to master the relevant logic of the historical trend. This paper also presents the research and discussion on why it is possible for modern China to realize Chinese modernization, and to solve the problem of the origin of Chinese modernization in theory and historical logic.

Machines meet humans on the social road: Risk implications.

Human drivers and machine drivers (i.e., automated vehicles or AVs) will share roads and interact with each other, creating mixed traffic. In this perspective, we develop two mental models about them and their social interactions, aiming to understand the risk implications of AVs and mixed traffic. Based on Mental Model I (i.e., machine drivers are superior drivers without human weaknesses), many simulation-based safety assessments, which often overlook or oversimplify human-AV social interactions, have predicted significant safety benefits when machine drivers interact with or replace human drivers. In contrast, Mental Model II considers human and machine drivers as heterogeneous and incompatible, suggesting that their interactions may lead to unexpected and occasionally negative outcomes, particularly in imminent mixed traffic. This perspective gains support from recent comparative empirical studies that employ various methods such as survey experiments, driving simulators, test-tracks, on-road observations, and AV accident analysis. These studies provide initial evidence of emerging traffic risks arising from human-AV social interactions, including human drivers' aggression and road rage toward AVs, human drivers exploiting AVs, AVs exerting negative peer influences on human drivers, and their incompatibility increasing human drivers' challenges in joining mixed traffic and thus risky behaviors. We propose specific suggestions to mitigate problematic human-AV social interactions and the associated emerging risks.

A Review and Analysis of Ukraine’s Road towards Capitalism over the Past Three Decades

ABSTRACT Following Ukraine’s declaration of independence in 1991, the country’s ruling class initiated a process of capitalist development that it has carried forward ever since. Politically, Ukraine has sought closer ties with the West, and has turned to the Right. Economically, it has abandoned the socialist road for a capitalist one, which instead of bringing development and prosperity has led to deindustrialization and recurrent economic crises. Ukraine’s persistent turn to the Right has to a marked degree torn apart Ukrainian society; it served as the root cause of the Crimean referendum on rejoining Russia and of the civil war in the Donbas region, before dragging Ukraine into conflict with Russia. After three decades of capitalist development, Ukraine has turned from a strong industrial power into the poorest country in Europe.

Study on How to Interpret China’s Stories in English Class during Primary Education

Interpreting China’s stories well is conducive to manifesting its cultural soft power, enhancing its cultural competitiveness and national power, thus improving its international status. To do so can strengthen cultural exchanges between China and other countries, enhance their mutual understanding, promote Chinese culture to the world, enhance the attractiveness and influence of Chinese culture in the international arena, and establish a good image of China in the world. It is also conducive to demonstrating the unique charm of Chinese culture, enhancing cultural self-awareness and cultural confidence, and firmly taking the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Telling stories of China in English Class during primary education is crucial to the development both for students and for our country. To tell good stories of China in English class, we need to extend the culture, to extend the stories, to incorporate the current events and to integrate with other subjects.

Taking the Road of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Must Be Guided by Scientific Theory

The CPC has grown from a weak baby to a giant leading China to the forefront of the world. In the great era, only the theoretical system, the magnificent scientific theory and the great journey of the Chinese nation were produced. Through constant exploration and exploration, the Party and the people have developed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics that is unique to China. Thought is the guide of action, and theory is the guide of practice. Theory should be used to guide practical action, analyze and explain practical problems. Therefore, scientific theory must be taken as the guide to take the road of socialist development with Chinese characteristics.

Study of the Basic Experience of the Chinese Communist Party's Independence over the Past Hundred Years

Independence is the valuable experience of the Chinese Communist Party in making revolution, construction, reform and rejuvenation from the reality of China and relying on the people. Over the past hundred years, the Party has drawn spiritual nourishment from Marxism and traditional Chinese culture, and accumulated the basic experience of independence in theory and practice. Independence has solved the major proposition of the Chineseization of Marxism, solved the major issue of how to win the New Democratic Revolution in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, and led the Chinese people to successfully embark on the road to socialism and take a road to socialism with Chinese characteristics. The idea of independence is an important guarantee for the promotion of theoretical and practical innovation, and its in-depth study is of positive significance for the continuous enrichment and improvement of the development of the theoretical system and road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The Leadership of the CPC and the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation

To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must adhere to the leadership of the CPC. The nature and purpose of the Party determine that only by adhering to the leadership of the CPC can we organize and mobilize the people, create a stable environment, and finally achieve the glorious goal of people's happiness. Guided by Marxism, the CPC constantly promotes theoretical innovation, which can gather the ideological consensus of realizing national rejuvenation. The road of socialism with Chinese characteristics led by the CPC is the only way to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Regional ethnic autonomy: thinking and actions on the reconstruction of a unified multi-ethnic country by the CPC

The founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) established and consolidated a new type of socialist ethnic relations, and the people of all ethnic groups in China have embarked on a socialist road since then. This “had never occurred in thousands of years” in the history of China’s ethnic relations and was based on the correct path for solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics pioneered by the Communist Party of China (CPC), the institutional core of which is the system of regional ethnic autonomy. So to speak, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, as a fundamental political system of the country, is the reconstruction of the important content and system of ethnic relations and the reconstruction of the governance system of a unified multi-ethnic country. Around the year of 1949, the Chinese communists planned the system of regional ethnic autonomy in a systematical and comprehensive manner, and established a basic discourse guiding the ethnic work, ethnic policies and ethnic studies in the PRC. On the basis of historical literature, this paper arranges and sorts out the ethic policies and thinking context at the early stage of the governance by the CPC.

An answer from Marxist economics to Weber's hypothesis about China: a concurrent discussion of the direction of rural reform in China

PurposeWeber's hypothesis about China is the hypothesis forwarded by Weber that why capitalist production did not appear in eastern countries such as China in the first place. Weber considered that the reason may be Chinese Confucianism and Taoism lack protestant ethic like Western countries.Design/methodology/approachThe clarification has aroused wide discussion, meanwhile, East Asian capitalism belonging to the Chinese cultural circle has successfully refuted Weber's proposition. Chinese scholars have a broad debate around this topic while no agreement has been reached. This paper tries to explain Weber's hypothesis by Marx's theory of capital origin, which can be explained that the landlord economy caused by China's federal society under centralism leads to the result that the commodity of labor cannot exist in that environment.FindingsThe answer from Marxist economics has not only solved an enormous theoretical problem, but also it has vital practical significance. It easily clarifies the fact that the commodity of labor in full sense still cannot emerge in China nowadays, which is an important reason causing China to enter the New Normal and New Era.Originality/valueTherefore, it leaves China the only way of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and revitalizing China's rural economy, which means China can only promote rural industrialization and urbanization under the principle of adhering to rural collective ownership, while implementing various forms of integrated agricultural and industrial business models based on local conditions.

The development from special economic zone (SEZ) to free trade zone (FTZ) of China

The experience of many countries shows that the presence of high innovative potential is a necessary factor of economic growth in the modern world. The establishment of special economic zones at the early stage of the policy of reform and opening up helped to reduce its cost. If the establishment of special economic zones reflects the Chinese characteristics (road of socialism with Chinese characteristics), the establishment of free trade zones reflects its universality.

A Study on the Conscious Exploration Stage of the Reform of Socialist Market Economy System with Chinese Characteristics

Over the past 70 years, China has explored an unprecedented path of building and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. The current basic consensus is that the China road” has achieved great success because it has chosen a path of the gradual market economic system reform based on adhering to the basic socialist system. A longitudinal survey of the extension and development of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics reveals that 1978 to 1992 is a special transitional period. This paper names this period as the Conscious Exploration Stage of the Reform of Socialist Market Economy System with Chinese characteristics”. In order to clarify the necessity of building a socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics, we analyze the change and theoretical logic of the institutional reform thoughts, the implementation process of different kinds of policies, as well as the performance and shortcomings of the economy at this stage.In terms of the ideological track, the market-oriented orientation of the reform goal has been continuously strengthened, and it has undergone the transformation from perfecting the planned economy system” to developing the planned commodity economy” and then to establishing the socialist market economy system”. It has formed a systematic reform guiding theory including reform starting point-theoretical basis and practical path of reform-stage goal of reform”. In terms of policy practice, it mainly focuses on how to improve commodity monetary relations on the basis of the planned economy system and gradually exert the regulating role of the market. It mainly includes four aspects: First, the rural economic reform introduces commodity and market relations into agriculture. Second, the SOE reform gradually expands the autonomy of SOEs by delegating power and transferring profits, and initially explores how to properly handle the relationship of interests between enterprises and the government, and how to effectively separate the right to operate from the right to own. Third, we allow and encourage the development of the non-public sector of the economy. At the same time, it carries out the reform of the circulation field centering on the price reform. In terms of economic performance, under the guidance of the theoretical achievements of the socialist economic reform, which is constantly innovated and adjusted in exploration, China’s economic system has been reformed in an all-round way, and the relations of production have been greatly adjusted, thus liberating and developing the productive forces, and continuously improving China’s comprehensive economic strength and optimizing various economic structures.

China’s Economic Development and Development Economics Innovation

China has experienced rapid economic growth since its reform and opening up 40 years ago. The prime mover and key driver of these amazing achievements originated in China’s transformation from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, and from a closed economy to an open economy. The optimal allocation of the various factors of production and the interaction of economic growth and structural upgrading also played a significant part. China’s economic growth over the 40 years has applied, and proven effective, the general principles of development economics, and more importantly, based on the realities of China, it has contributed to theoretical innovation and institutional innovation, leading China along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Entering the new era, China is committed to building a modern economic system and promoting high-quality development under the guidance of the new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green development, opening up and sharing.

Uniqueness in Mathematical Limit and Consistency of Socialist Road with Chinese Characteristics —On the Ideological and Political Connotation of Mathematical Limit

Starting from the fact that the independent variable in calculus approaches a certain value infinitely in one direction, the uniqueness of the dependent variable’s simultaneous infinite approximation function value and the im-portance and unshakability of the approach direction, the students are guided to think that “only by adhering to the socialist road can the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese people be realized”. This paper attempts to combine the importance of direction selection in the limit theory with function subsection. It explains Marx Lenin doctrine and Mao Zedong thought, guiding the Chinese people to go out for a long night, building a new China and carrying out the socialist revolution, so that the socialist road can be established in China, and Deng Xiaoping’s theory makes China rich and Xi Jinping’s new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In these three key stages, the importance and uniqueness of adhering to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics has become stronger.

On Philosophical Standpoint of Socialist Political Economics

The 19th CPC National Congress opened a new era with the goal of people’s happiness. The viewpoint of the principal social contradiction of contemporary China indicates that the focus of the party’s work shifts from economy to people’s life. And it is the connotation of the people’s life that has posed a severe challenge to traditional economics. Traditional economics or western quantitative economics is essentially an empirical intellectual science. And it is not to study the overall social life, but to study only one aspect of social life; it is not to put the economy into the overall human life to study, but to draw out the economy from the overall social life; it is not derived from the human nature of all-round development, but the economic nature of human beings. Thus although it has achieved the quantification of accuracy, in essence, traditional economics is instrumental rationality and metaphysics, not practical rationality or overall. Thus, when the center of social life shifts from general material production to social harmony and common prosperity, its limitation is highlighted. The era calls for socialist political economics with people’s happiness as the highest principle. Starting from the standpoint of Marxist philosophy and combining with the central work of the party, this paper starts thinking of this question through the following five aspects: the raise of issue, the divergence of philosophical standpoints, the connotation of socialist political economics, the adherence to Marx’s research ideas, and facing age matters. The viewpoints of this paper are as follows: the socialist road must adhere to the direction of market economy development, but the inevitable trend of market economy is the polarization of society, therefore to achieve common prosperity is impossible without the country, neither possible if ignoring the existence of the overall society. Economics shall rise to become not only political economics, but also social economics; it should quantify not only capital and wealth, but also poverty and people’s livelihood; it should adhere to not only GDP standards, but also the standards of people’s happiness, and put the people’s well-being as a major standard to measure the work of governments at all levels. Only economics taking people’s happiness as the theme is the socialist political economics.

An Analysis of the Anti-socialist Nature of Neo-liberalism

ABSTRACTNeo-liberalism, the intellectual child of Friedrich von Hayek, has represented an anti-historical trend ever since its beginnings in the 1920s and 1930s. Espousing privatization, marketization and liberalization as their core ideas, the members of the Hayek group have consistently advocated against socialism. Since the 1980s, neo-liberalism has been transformed into a theoretical weapon of US and British international monopoly finance capital as the latter has sought to impose its global hegemony, stifling socialist movements in capitalist countries and promoting the peaceful evolution of the socialist countries toward capitalism. For more than 30 years, the Western countries have never stopped using neo-liberalism as they attempt to disrupt and misdirect China’s reform and opening up. We must continue to study and criticize neo-liberalism in depth, and must ensure the healthy development of China’s reform, opening up and modernization along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

“There is no nation without history, there is no family without a family tree”

The 1949 rise to power of the Chinese Communist Party (Zhongguo Gongchandang 中国共产党)1 was the beginning of a new era in China: the declaration of the People’s Republic of China (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo 中华人民共和国) was the first step on the “socialist road” leading to the creation of the long-coveted Chinese national unity. However, progress on the “socialist road” has posed many challenges for the ethnic minorities living within China’s borders. Mostly because melting into the Chinese national unity – paradoxically – became a symbol of the autonomy of ethnic minorities. In the spirit of this process, the ethnic nationalist aspirations of the Sibe (Chin. xibo zu 锡伯族; Sib. sibe uksura ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡠᡣᠰᡠᠷᠠ), the ethnic minority I studied, unfolded alongside the writing of Chinese national history. In my work, I follow these endeavors from the 1950s until recent times. At the center is a story that is seemingly about the knowledge base of Sibe ancestors, the family trees, and beyond that, about the “reunification” of a clan that was torn apart in 1764 by thousands of miles. But, in fact, it formulates much more than that: the idea of political martyrdom by the Sibe in the interest of creating the Chinese national unity. It is through this story that I wish to provide an insight into how Chinese national unity was created.

Li Hanjun's views on socialism

This article examines Li Hanjun's views on socialism. Li Hanjun was one of the main founders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and expressed his vision and ideas of socialism during the 1920s. Like many other Communists in the early CCP, he was convinced that China should take a socialist road. Yet, in respect to how to realise socialism and what kind of socialist society should be built, Li held a view different from most of them. In his opinion, the governing institutions in a socialist society should be democratic and autonomous rather than centralist and bureaucratic; production and distribution should be administered and managed by an association of free and equal producers in the form of cooperatives instead of by the state and its officials. These views were quite distinct from the Soviet centralised state socialism and the dictatorship by a ruling elite. However, his ideas and designs of the economic and political institutions in socialist society were consonant with Marx on many points. Besides examining Li Hanjun's socialist views, this research also attempts to explore his philosophical inclinations and political orientation, in order to explain why he could conceive such special ideas of a socialist fabric.

The World Implications of the “Chinese Road” in the Context of Globalization

中国建国60年来和改革开放30年来所取得的巨大成就，使世界热衷于讨论是否存在某种“中国模式”或“北京共识”。“模式”包含着两层含义，一是发展道路的独特性，二是发展道路的可输出性和可效仿性。从前一层含义上来看，中国的发展的确创造出了一个独特的中国模式。中国发展道路是在中国人追求民族独立和现代化的历史背景下，在最终选择了马克思主义的条件下而实现的，其本质就是选择走社会主义道路而拒绝资本的扩张和奴役。全球化伴随着全球资本力量的无限膨胀，世界政治、经济都沦于世界资本主义的奴役之下，中国的发展道路正是在这个背景下显示出其独特性。同时，中国也不会向外输出自己的发展模式，通过对和谐、平等和多样性的追求，中国道路的成功将改变现有国际规则和全球发展观念。中国道路在全球化时代中具有世界性的意义。 关键词: 全球化中国模式北京共识中国道路国际规则 China's immense achievements over the sixty years since the founding of New China, especially in the last thirty years since the institution of reform and opening up, have inspired heated debate on whether there exists a “Chinese model of development” or a “Beijing consensus.” The term “model” has two layers of meaning: one refers to the uniqueness of China's development road, the other to its exportability and imitability. In terms of the former, China has indeed created a unique developmental model. China's development path was arrived at when the Chinese people finally chose Marxism in the course of their pursuit of national independence and modernization. Its essential character is the choice to follow the socialist road and reject capitalist expansion and enslavement. Globalization follows the unbounded aggrandizement of capital, which brings world politics and economy under the domination of world capitalism. It is against such a background that the uniqueness of the Chinese road of development stands out. At the same time China has no intention of exporting its own model of development. Rather, China's pursuit of harmony, equality and diversity among nations will allow the success of the Chinese road to change current international rules and concepts of global development. In this era of globalization, the Chinese road is of world significance.

Analyzing the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

It was mentioned in the report at the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) that the root causes of what we have achieved since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy are, in conclusion, that the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics has been created and the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has come into beings. The theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a dynamic historical process and by now it has experienced three stages. Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, it has become Chinese Marxism and expanded Marxism in three aspects of socialism, party and development. It has summed up thirty’s practice and experience of implementing reform and opening up policy and made a theoretical summary. Therefore, it has become the guide to building the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the CPC’s guiding ideology.