Road Improvement Research Articles

The Impact of Change Orders on the Waste Materials of Large-Scale Projects

Change orders (CO) are formal agreements that alter, add to, or modify the work specified in a contract document. These changes often necessitate adjustments to the project scope, potentially requiring contract modification. Generally, CO have been identified as a significant contributor to Wast Materials (WM) in road improvement projects, as outlined in waste management recommendations. The impact of waste management on project success is substantial, as materials constitute a critical component of construction, accounting for approximately 40-60% of the total project cost. This research aimed to determine the impact of CO on project waste management, with a specific focus on large-scale projects. To achieve this objective, a 4-stage decision-making process was adopted using the Delphi method to design and distribute questionnaires. The results identified 2 variables, comprising 21 indicators, that contribute to waste management in road construction projects. Additionally, 3 primary impacts of CO were recorded, affecting costs, quality, and implementation time. Further analysis using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Smart PLS 4.0 revealed that CO had a significant impact on 2 variables: procurement and material handling, as well as implementation and material planning. These variables, consisting of 21 indicators, accounted for 69% of the observed effects, with a prediction accuracy rate of 67.7% regarding the impact of changes in construction work.

Great Excavations: Methodological considerations arising after a major archaeological infrastructure project for the A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon Road Improvement Scheme

This short paper draws together and evaluates some of the main methodologies utilized within the different stages of the A14 project and provides some 'lessons learned' that may be useful for future archaeological projects, particularly those associated with large infrastructure. To deliver a more balanced methodological evaluation, perspectives from different project stakeholders are captured here: those of the client (National Highways and A14 IDT), principal archaeological contractor (MHI) and curator (Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Team; CHET).

Rural Road Assessment Method for Sustainable Territorial Development

In Latin America, initiatives have been advocated for developing rural roads that facilitate optimal conditions free from dust, mud, and noise. The criteria for assessing public investment do not align with the requirements of rural infrastructure. Indeed, in rural areas, the territorial conditions such as openness to rural–urban markets, access to education and health, environmental protection, culture, and identity are more important than transportation times or traffic volume. Hence, a multicriteria evaluation method is proposed to prioritize the rural road improvements and maximize their contribution to sustainable territorial development. The roads with the highest sustainable contribution are optimized using a multi-objective decision-making analysis and prioritized based on a Manhattan distance. In addition, a fuzzy cognitive map analyzes the dynamic behavior of the optimal roads. Based on this proposal, a case study is applied where fifteen roads are selected from a sample of 101 in the Araucanía Region, Chile. For this, 16 evaluation criteria, 27 indicators, and sustainability’s social, environmental, technical, and economic dimensions are considered. The results detect reduced one-dimensional contributions despite identifying 15 optimal roads that collectively enhance sustainability. Two roads stand out for their long-term sustainability contribution, which are influenced by economic criteria of zonal productivity, tourism, and road maintenance. Thus, this method can help public agencies rank the roads that must be the subject of development projects.

Spatial scale effects of transportation, social and natural attributes of street environments on perceived activity opportunities for older adults

The street environment correlates with perceived activity opportunities for older adults. While numerous studies have examined the transportation and social attributes of street environments, the natural attributes have been less explored. Furthermore, the nonlinear relationship between the street environment and perceived activity opportunities across different spatial scales remains under-researched. We hypothesize that transportation, social, and natural attributes influence perceived activity opportunities, and their nonlinear effects vary across spatial scales. Therefore, we used activity survey data and multi-source big data from Dalian, China. Employing gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT) methods, we evaluated the nonlinear correlation between the street environment and perceived activity opportunities. Our study considered three community life circle scales: 5-min, 10-min, and 15-min. The results indicated that street features varied significantly at different spatial scales. Specifically, factors such as density of street network, diversity of street interface, distance to the nearest public transport station, accessibility of green space, diversion ratio, and distance to the nearest blue space notably influence perceived activity opportunities across these scales. The study also found that the nonlinear correlations between street environments and perceived activity opportunities were prevalent and varied across spatial scales. These results suggest that priorities for street environment improvements should account for these spatial scale variations. Our research provides multi-scale recommendations for the development of sustainable transportation, age-friendly communities, and the promotion of aging in place.

Methods of Diversion Road Improvement of Overpasses Under Repair

During the repair of motorway junctions, it is important to minimize transportation losses by urban vehicles for the period of road works.Methodology: Factor analysis.Purpose: The aim of research is to substantiate the best diversion road of the motorway junction under repair in the streets network adjacent to the object.Research findings: The dependence is shown of the average speed of cars and transportation cost on the distance between signalized intersections and traffic load.Value: An algorithm is developed for substantiation of the diversion road for construction site. Justification for the diversion road along the streets network adjacent to the object, is developed using the factor analysis and based on the traffic load, of roadway conditions, traffic lights, route length.

Pengaruh Peran Konsultan pada Performa Proyek Jalan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya

In the development of road infrastructure development, many are still found to be less than optimal in its implementation, not on time, and contract termination. One of them is road improvement work in Dharmasraya Regency. This study aims to identify the role of consultants in the performance of road projects in Dharmasraya Regency and to assess the most dominant role of consultants that influence the success of a road construction project. This research was conducted using a quantitative method. The data source uses primary data obtained from interviews and secondary data obtained from literature reviews. The research population was 81 respondents consisting of the owner, namely the Dharmasraya Regency PU Service, supervisory consultants, and implementing contractors involved in road construction and improvement projects in Dharmasraya Regency for the 2020 to 2022 budget years. The research sample used was the entire population. Data analysis techniques used factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study found 61 sub-factors or variables that were the role of consultants in the successful implementation of road construction projects in Dharmasraya Regency. The dominant factor that is the role of consultants in controlling the implementation of road supervision in Dharmasraya Regency is the task factor with the sub-factor of coordinating all construction supervision personnel for each implementation of field measurements or engineering. The factors that are the role of consultants in controlling the implementation of road supervision in Dharmasraya Regency greatly influence costs, quality, and time with levels of influence reaching 48.3%; 56.8%; and 55.7% respectively.

The Right to Healthcare Must Include the Right to Ease of Physical Access: Exploring Geography-Health Nexus in GIDA Communities in the Philippines.

Using the United Nations' 'leave no one behind' framework for the achievement of sustainable development goals, this article underscores the key role of geography as one of the core factors why certain people are left behind, deprived, and continue to experience inequality in terms of access to (quality) health care facilities and services. This article specifically examines the consequences of physical inaccessibility to health outcomes and health-seeking behavior in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs) in the Philippines. This article illustrates that physical accessibility is an ignored aspect of the public health paradigm. For that reason, public health facilities, no matter how critical the facility is to a person's care, are not an immediate option for GIDA residents who seek medical aid. Responsive policy measures are vital to address this seemingly paradigmatic error. Subsidizing transportation costs and allocating funds for road improvements are called for, among other changes. The government must act on the people's right to ease of access as part of fulfilling fundamental health-related state obligations. But for the government to act, it will be crucial for claimants to health rights to proactively demand these changes. The latter is key for the fulfillment of the affected people's right to get easier access to meaningful health care.

Analysis of Implementation Delay in Road Construction Project (A Case Study of Road Improvement Project in Jayapura Regency)

Planning and control over time and cost are important parts of overall construction project management. Work achievement of a project can be assessed through its quality, time, cost and safety aspects. So, in completing work project, time and cost incurred are aspects that must be continously measured for its deviation from the original plan. İn this study, time and cost deviations makes the management of road improvement project of Jayapura Regency getting worse. By employing several project performance indicators such as time and cost, it is possible to take preventative steps to make the road improvement project of Jayapura Regency can be proceed as planned. The research method applied in this research were qualitative and quantitative method where the qualitative method used a structured interview to respondents, while the quantity method involved a questionnaire distribution to total 100 respondents (10 project owners, 45 implementer contractors, and 45 consultants). Based on the result of this study, factors causing delays in the completion of road improvement project in Jayapura Regency are: (1) labor factor with value of 3.5400, (2) equipment factor with value of 3.4400, (3) finance factor with value of 3.4200, (4) material factor with factor of 3.3900, (5) scope of work and contract/work documents with value of 3.3900, (6) site characteristic factor with value of 3.3700, (7) changes factor with value of 3.3400, (8) managerial factor with value of 3.3300, (9) situation factor with value of 3.3200, (10) planning and scheduling factor with value of 3.2900, and (11) inspection, control and work evaluation systems with value of 3.2700. As for the ranking of variables causing delays for the completion of road improvement project in Jayapura Regency are: (a) workforce discipline with value of 3.5600, (b) inadequate number of workers or in accordane with the existing work activities with value of 3.5600 and (c) workforce nationalism with value of 3.5300

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Rendahnya Kualitas Pekerjaan Konstruksi Jalan di Pasaman Regency

In an effort to meet the needs for optimum road facilities and infrastructure, through the Public Works and Spatial Planning Department, every year there are road construction and improvement activities in Pasaman Regency. The quality of road construction and improvement projects in Pasaman Regency is relatively low, so researchers conducted an analysis of the things that influence this low quality. The aim of this research is to identify factors that influence the low quality of road improvement and construction projects in Pasaman Regency and analyze the dominant factors. The data collection technique was carried out using a quantitative method, namely distributing questionnaires to respondents. Next, data processing was carried out by testing validity, reliability and factor analysis using SPSS. The results of the research conducted showed that there were 6 factors that influenced the low quality of road improvement and construction projects in Pasaman Regency, namely environmental and technical factors 16.686%, work method factors 12.047%, equipment factors 10.971%, labor factors 10.039%, managerial factors 8.648%, and external factors 7.999%. The dominant factors influencing the low quality of construction work in road improvement and construction in Pasaman district are environmental and technical factors, which consist of the response of the surrounding environment regarding project safety; existing and physical characteristics of buildings around the location; natural disasters; material prices; and funding at the contractor.

Dampak Perbaikan Jalan Terhadap Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Desa Mergosari Kecamatan Tarik Kabupaten Sidoarjo

This research aims to find out the impact of road improvements on improving the community's economic business in Mergosari village, Tarik, Sidoarjo. This research method uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. Data collection was done by conducting in-depth interviews with descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the impact of road improvements had a significant positive impact on increasing the economic efforts of the community in Mergosari village, Tarik, Sidoarjo. The implications of this research can be used as a basis for improving sustainable infrastructure development strategies to support local economic growth and community welfare in the region.

Analysis of Sustainable Infrastructure Development in Sorong Regency Based on Environmentally Technology Criteria

Sorong Regency is inhabited by around 188,6779 people in West Papua Province. At this time, Sorong Regency is starting to develop infrastructure to support economic activities in Sorong actively. It has become one of the districts focused on development in the eastern part of Indonesia, with examples of infrastructure projects including the improvement and creation of several roads, bridges, irrigation and the construction of Sorong Special Economic Zones (SES). This research aims to determine the sustainable infrastructure development of Sorong Regency, especially in the Aimas, Mariat, Mayamuk, and Salawati Districts based on environmental and technological criteria. The research method used is Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) with the Rapinfra (Rapid Appraisal of Infrastructure) method. The results of the research regarding the status of infrastructure development in the Aimas District area with an index value of 48.74% and Mariyat District with an index value of 58.92% in terms of environmental criteria are considered less sustainable. In comparison Mayamuk District with an index value of 68.56% and Salawati District with an index value of 60.00% are considered sufficient. Meanwhile, in terms of technological criteria, the Aimas District with an index value of 65.07% and the Mariyat District with an index value of 60.22% are considered not or not yet sustainable; meanwhile, the Mayamuk District area with an index value of 84.64% and the Salawati District with an index value of 91.55 are considered to be quite sustainable.

Integrating vision and lidar based hyperlocal metadata for optimal capacity expansion planning in hillside road networks

The rapidly expanding population and scarcity of affordable housing in many urban areas, such as Los Angeles, have resulted in large inventories of structures in hilly landscapes. Such urbanization has also rendered road capacities inadequate in many instances, with hazards such as floods, fires, and earthquakes posing additional risks to such inventory. Planning construction activities such as widening, structural, and geotechnical retrofits to increase capacity and resiliency by cutting through slopes and incorporating landslide protection measures requires hyperlocal information for road segments in hillside areas. Performing traditional surveys for large areas of such road networks can be both time-consuming and cost prohibitive. At the same time, data acquired from satellites may not provide the required spatial resolution for planning, especially regarding road-adjacent features such as slopes. This paper proposes a novel framework to fuse hyperlocal data regarding road and adjacent slopes gathered from the street-level mobile mapper equipped with cameras and lidar into the network design problem (NDP) to develop an optimal road width expansion plan. The hyperlocal features are derived from a colorized point cloud map and deep learning techniques to estimate the relevant features in hillside landscapes. Specifically, a deep learning-based segmentation and detection algorithms combined with novel point cloud processing techniques are used to obtain a spatially dense profile of the road and the adjacent slope. By leveraging such hyperlocal information, we explore all the potential road capacity and improvement options for road capacity expansion. Furthermore, we demonstrate the advantages of our proposed method over conventional techniques, particularly working with budget constraints. In terms of novel contributions, incorporating hyperlocal information into NDP for hillside road capacity expansion is novel, as well as algorithms to automatically detect and characterize relevant roadside features from remotely sensed lidar point clouds.

Methodological Frameworks For Street And Road Environment Improvement With Due Regard To Inclusion Requirements

Methodological Frameworks For Street And Road Environment Improvement With Due Regard To Inclusion Requirements

Transportation upgrades and structural transformation in the labor market: Evidence from a road improvement project in benin

How do transportation upgrades affect structural transformation in the labor market in developing countries? We focus on a specific case, Benin’s Djougou-N’dali Road Improvement Project conducted between 2004 and 2010, and estimate its effects on changes in the composition of workers by sector. Our difference-in-differences estimates suggest evidence of structural transformation in the labor market: the road improvement project leads to a relative increase in the proportion of workers in the industrial sector by 3.9 percentage points, representing a 30-percent increase. This is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the proportion of agricultural workers and an overall insignificant decrease in the proportion of service workers. These labor market effects are spatially heterogeneous: changes in agricultural workers and service workers are significant only in rural and urban areas, respectively, while both two types of areas see an increase in the proportion of industrial workers. Besides, these effects are significant only for female workers. Our findings present direct labor market effects of transportation upgrades through job switches across sectors, while other labor market mechanisms cannot explain structural transformation.

Developing a cost estimation model for efficient road improvement planning: A case study in Aceh Jaya regency

Abstract Estimation is a method used to predict financial requirements by analyzing, calculating, and engineering based on field conditions and bidding documents. To enhance efficiency, there is a pressing need for a simple, swift, accurate cost estimation model. Therefore, this study aimed to establish cost estimation model at the initial planning phase of construction work and to assess its accuracy in estimating cost for road improvement using cost significant model (CSM) compared to actual expenses. The fundamental objective was to facilitate the execution of construction work, ensuring the successful completion. Data collection occurred at the (PUPR) in Aceh Jaya Regency, consisting of 25 contracts for road improvement work spanning from 2018 to 2022. The data included the execution year, road area, total variable cost (y), and the categorization of work item as independent variables (xn). Subsequently, the work data was transformed into data per square meter (m2) for each work item by dividing each independent variable by the area of road improvement work. This showed the cost/m2 for each work item (xn) and the total cost (y)/m2. Annual inflation data was obtained from (BPS) of Aceh province used for calculation projection year. The identification of cost-significant item variables occurred after organizing the data according to work item, adjusting the work cost for the execution year and the work-year cost while considering inflation factor. Additionally, it was observed that 3 most expensive work items represented 80% work item had a substantial impact on the total cost. Classic assumption tests were conducted to confirm the suitability of data for further analysis. The analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, resulting in a model with y = 69850.515 + 0.879(x4) + 1.085(x5) + 1.221(x7). When cost significant model estimates were compared to the actual total cost of road improvement in Aceh Jaya, the accuracy ranged from +17.46% to -19.30%, which was consistent with Class 3 classification of (AACE) International standards.This classification was suitable for semi-detailed cost estimation in the conceptual phase.

Analisis Produktivitas Alat Berat Pada Pekerjaan Peningkatan Jalan Batas Kota Pegaf – Batas Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan

Roads in Manokwari City still need a lot to be improved, especially on the Pegaf city boundary road - South Manokwari district, because this road connects the border between the City and the district.... This study aims to calculate the productivity of heavy equipment working on road improvement work, Analyzing the balance of road improvement work tools and knowing the total cost and time required in road improvement projects. So that this research is expected to be useful for optimizing the performance of road sections and being able to provide solutions to problems that occur and can provide an overview of the process of using heavy equipment that is effective and efficient. Productivity is the ability to produce something, so it can be said that heavy equipment productivity is the ability of heavy equipment to produce something per unit of time. In general, heavy equipment work production has the same calculation principles. The basic principles of calculating heavy equipment work production are 4 steps, namely calculating actual capacity, cycle time, calculating gross work production (PKK) and calculating actual work production (PKA). So it can be concluded that the productivity of ordinary embankment excavator 173.68m3 / hour, dump truck 10 tons of ordinary embankment 45.58m3 / hour, optional embankment 36.3m3 / hour, asphalt foundation layer (HRS Base) 7.91m3 / hour, Dump truck 4 tons of Class A aggregate layer 4.02m3 / hour, Class B aggregate layer 4.06m3/hour, motor grader 315m2/hour regular embankment, 174.30 m3/hour optional embankment, 561m2/hour pavement preparation, Class A aggregate layer 274.63m3/hour, Class B aggregate layer 274.63m3/hour, vibratory roller regular embankment 159.36 m3/hour, class A aggregate layer 77.02m3/hour, class B aggregate layer 77.02m3/hour asphalt distributor binder layer 4980 liters, air compressor binder work 1365.35 liters, asphalt finisher asphalt foundation layer (HRS Base) 69.85 tons, tandem roller regular embankment 39.84m3/hour, preparation of the road body 272.98m3 / hour, paving 86.59m3 / hour, wheel loader preferred embankment 117.58m3 / hour, class A aggregate layer 114.98m3 / hour, class B aggregate layer 116.53m3 / hour and tire roller paving 104.06 tons and the total cost of all equipment rental is Rp. 254,091,569.

Relative improvements between roads and railways and economic performance: A panel data analysis

Prior studies indicate that expanding the length of roadways and railways has a beneficial effect on economic performance. Nevertheless, the requirement for land transport infrastructure, which offers different degrees of accessibility and mobility, to facilitate economic expansion differs based on a country's stage of development. The present study has two objectives. Firstly, it is essential to ascertain the required investment for different types of land transport infrastructure to facilitate different stages of economic performance. Secondly, the objective is to examine the impact of different forms of land transportation infrastructure on economic performance by means of urbanization and exports. To highlight these concerns, a fixed-effects panel linear regression analysis was conducted on a panel consisting of 50 countries spanning the years 1980–2018. In countries with lower levels of urbanization and exports, improvements to road infrastructure, especially roads with high accessibility, are of greater importance for economic performance compared to the improvement of railways. Nevertheless, as urbanization and exports rise, the comparative impact of improvements in road infrastructure on economic performance in relation to improvements in railway infrastructure diminishes. Railway improvements have a more significant effect on economic performance compared to road improvements, owing to increased urbanization and export rates. During these stages of development, high-mobility roads are more crucial for economic performance compared to high-accessibility roads. The conclusion of the research examined a variety of policy recommendations derived from our findings, which are applicable to different levels of urbanization and exports.

Manajemen Risiko Pelaksanaan Proyek Peningkatan Jalan Kota Denpasar Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Lingkungan

Good roads are one of the important things in the world of transportation, especially in Denpasar City. This encourages improvements to road infrastructure in Denpasar City through road management activities including road maintenance and improvement. Road improvement construction work is the work that has the most risks and impacts on the surrounding environment during the road improvement project process. This research aims to identify and mitigate risks in road improvement construction work in Denpasar City. The method used in the research was interview methods with respondents involved in road construction projects in Denpasar City. The risk assessment is carried out after receiving answers from respondents, this aims to measure the dominant risks that exist. The risk mitigation process and risk ownership will be held accountable by the project owner as well as contractors, supervisory consultants, and planning consultants. The results of the research were 30 risks found in road improvement projects in Denpasar City with the sources being the environment (14.3%), politics (5.8%), planning (8.5%), economy (5.7%), natural (8.52%), technical (22.08%), human (8.5%), criminal (6.7%), safety (5.7%), project (14.2%). From the results of this analysis, risks in the technical, environmental, and project categories have the highest percentage. The environmental impact factor is also considered in this construction work because it is ranked second after technical risk. This encourages the implementation of risk management in every road improvement project activity in the following years, to create appropriate handling strategies that do not harm the environment.

Factors Affecting Construction Workforce Performance on Road Improvement Projects in Sigi District

Many projects do not run as expected due to low workforce performance. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the factors that influence performance and the factors that most influence the performance of construction workers on road improvement projects in Sigi Regency. The type of research used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. In this research, the sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling with the technique taken being saturated sampling (census) with a total of 50 respondents. To collect data using observation techniques and distributing questionnaires. Data analysis using Factor Analysis. Based on the research results, there are five factors that influence the performance of construction workers on road improvement projects in Sigi Regency. These five factors are individual and supervisor factors, educational factors and facilities provided, discipline and work system factors, leadership and supervision factors, and changes in work environment. The magnitude of the influence resulting from all these factors reached 65.075% while the remaining 34.925% was influenced by other factors whose influence was not significant, this was obtained from the factor analysis test.

An assessment of the perceptual elements of urban streets based on the context of urban tourism - The case of Sheffield.

After COVID-19, more and more travelers are more inclined to walk in cities, and the sensory elements of streets can have a significant impact on urban tourism. Local residents and travelers have different perceptions of the street and preferences for its use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyse the streets from the perspective of locals and travelers. In this study, a questionnaire was designed to obtain local residents' and travelers' evaluations of the sensory elements of the street and a quadrant analysis of the street's sensory elements was carried out using the IPA-Kano model. The results of the study show that travelers are particularly concerned about maps and signage guidance, while local residents are more concerned about the green environment of the surroundings and how well it is maintained. There is a difference in the indicators chosen by the two groups in the results of the comparison between locals and travelers, and this study is hoped to provide some data support for future urban managers and designers to learn from and refer to for street improvements and renewal.