Road Handling Research Articles

Evaluation of indicators for the implementation of road preservations in the national road implementation centre of west nusa tenggara

Road preservation is a road handling activity starting from prevention, maintenance and repairs needed to maintain road conditions to function optimally to serve traffic. Preservation activities include routine maintenance work, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and widening to standards. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the indicators used in the implementation of road preservation activities based on the level of importance and satisfaction of the perceptions of stakeholders involved in road conservation activities in the West Nusa Tenggara National Road Implementation Agency. The indicators used in this study are structural indicators and functional indicators. The hole parameter in the structural indicator is an important parameter in the implementation in the implementation of preservation activities in the West Nusa Tenggara National Road Implementation Center with the satisfaction level in handling of very satisfied.

Directions for Road Management Plans and Strategies for Regional Development in Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia

Since Aceh Besar Regency has limited funds, it should focus more on road transportation services on improving existing roads. This study aims to determine the condition of existing roads, analyze the level of development of the sub-regency, analyze and develop road management plans and strategies in Aceh Besar Regency. Descriptive analysis methods, GIS, and scalogram to identify the level of development in the sub-regency and methods to get decisions about road management plans and strategies in this study used the AHP and SWOT methods. The results of the study show that the existing road conditions are around 1,644.36 KM in good condition, 330.48 KM and 387.08 KM in moderate condition, while the rest are still in a damaged condition, for the type of asphalt surface around 761.91, while the rest is still in the form of gravel and soil. The scalogram results show 3 regency are service centers (Hierarchy I), 9 regency are service sub-centers (Hierarchy II), and 11 sub-regency are hinterland areas (Hierarchy III). Based on the AHP analysis, it is found that the potential for tourism objects is more dominant in determining road handling, namely there are 5 priority sections and in the SWOT analysis using the ST (Strenght-Threats) diversification strategy (1) Road handling is carried out by the regional government of Aceh Besar Regency in developing regional potential such as regional tourism objects, markets and agriculture, (2) The government focuses on building damaged road infrastructure for smooth accessibility, (3) Aceh Besar Regency Government utilizes the private sector or investors in road handling (4) The regional government aims to maintain road quality for convenient access to all territory.

Analysis of the Cost-Effective Road Maintenance Program for the Improvement of Road Value in Kabupaten Gresik Using the Forecasting Method

Roads have a very significant role in enhancing various fields as part of the national transport network. Road management includes road construction, improvement, and technical maintenance activities, which are continuously carried out for the physical maintenance of the road. The role of the road service must be fulfilled so as not to compete with the transportation that passes on the road. Based on the phenomena that have been described, we present the analysis of the cost requirements and methods of road handling in addition to the effectiveness of road stability for the next two years. The research was carried out for a case study of the district major road in Gresik Regency, which is represented in this situation by three main roads. The analysis of a data set is based on the variables of historical data. Then, we analyze using time series with moving averages, exponential smoothing, and trend projection. Next, the method for setting a maintaining strategy of overcoming prediction and its relation to the solidity of the roads, using fuzzy tahani. The results analyzed are confirmed by the recommended output for the next two years.

Modeling, bench test and ride analysis of a novel energy-harvesting hydraulically interconnected suspension system

A novel energy-harvesting hydraulically interconnected suspension (EH-HIS) is proposed, modeled, built and tested in this paper to enhance riding comfort and road handling performances for vehicles while converting the vibration energy traditionally wasted into usable electricity. A sub-module prototype has been developed to validate the analytical model and tested to study the damping characteristics and energy harvesting capability of the EH-HIS. The studies are performed to compare the dynamic responses and energy harvesting performance of the full-vehicle equipped with the traditional suspension, hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS), hydro-electromagnetic energy-harvesting shock absorber (HESA) and the proposed EH-HIS, respectively. Bench test results show that the damping coefficient of the EH-HIS ranges from 3608 to 9913 Ns/m. The average harvested power of the sub-module reaches 82 W at the excitation of 2 Hz frequency and 20 mm amplitude, while the full-size SUV equipped with the EH-HIS can obtain 215 W and 525 W average power on D-class road with a driving velocity of 60 km/h and 80 km/h, respectively. Moreover, the vehicle equipped with EH-HIS has better riding comfort on rough terrains and satisfying handling stability compared with other suspension systems. The analysis also indicates that EH-HIS exhibit 60% and 11% improvements in the anti-rolling and anti-pitching performances over the traditional suspension during emergency steering and braking maneuvers.

PENENTUAN PRIORITAS PENANGANAN RUAS JALAN KABUPATEN DI KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG DENGAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

Budget limitations are a problem in road handling programming. The purpose of this study is to determine the hierarchical arrangement and quantitative measurements of each sub-criteria so that a mathematical formula is formed to develop a priority scale for handling district roads with the study location in Klungkung Regency. The decision making method used is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The hierarchical arrangement of the research results consisting of Level-1 is the objective, namely determining the priority scale for handling district roads in Klungkung Regency. Level-2 is a criterion, and Level-3 is a sub-criteria that affects the criteria. The criteria used are i). Network system (A) with sub-criteria for road conditions (A1), pavement width (A2) and disaster-prone areas (A3), ii). Land Use System (B) with sub-criteria for access to government offices (B1), to areas of tourist attraction (B2), to strategic transportation areas (B3), and to areas of holy places and cultural heritage (B4), iii). Movement System Criteria (C) with sub-criteria LHR (C1), and iv). Institutional System Criteria (D) with subcriteria included in the proposal in the Musrenbang (D1), according to the direction of RENSTRA (D2), and equal distribution of road stability (D3). The weights of each sub-criteria A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, D1, D2, and D3 are 15.23%, 7.80%, 5.80%, 3.25%, respectively. 9.50%, 8.10%, 3.24%, 19.9%, 6.32%, 7.63%, and 13.24%. The mathematical formula based on the weight of the quantitative measurements, namely Y = 15.23A1 + 7.80A2 + 5.80A3 + 3.25B1 + 9.50B2 + 8.10B3 + 3,24B4 + 19.9C1 + 6,32D1 + 7,63D2 + 13 , 24D3. Obtained a priority scale arrangement of road handling, namely 62 very high priority scale roads, 58 high priority scale roads, 60 medium priority scale roads, 59 low priority scale roads, and 60 very low priority scale roads.

PENILAIAN KONDISI JALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SDI (SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX) DAN INVENTARISASI DALAM GIS (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM) DI KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG

Assessment of road conditions using the SDI method and inventoried in the GIS in Klungkung Regency is carried out on the Jl. Gn Agung, Jl. Gn Rinjani, Jl. Gn Batukaru, Jl. Gn Semeru, and Jl. Gn Batur. Selection of district roads used by roads in the city of Semarapura which is the center of travel in Klungkung district should get more attention through road handling. In addition, the sections used are roads that visually have road damage. This research was conducted because there are still damaged roads that must be treated quickly. This study aims to analyze road conditions, analyze road handling types and inventory road conditions in a GIS map. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through a survey of road conditions by measuring road damage, while secondary data was obtained from the Bina Marga section of the PUPRPKP Office of Klungkung Regency, namely, SK Klungkung regency roads, Klungkung regency road maps and Klungkung district road baseline data. The stages of research analysis were identification of road damage by measuring, data recapitulation by processing survey results, data analysis using the SDI method and inventorying in a GIS map. The results of the assessment for the Jl. Gn Agung is in moderate condition 0.416 km and slightly damaged condition is 0.300 km. Jl. Gn Rinjani, 0.277 km is slightly damaged. Jl. Gn Batukaru is slightly damaged by 0.119 km. Jl. Gn Semeru is slightly damaged by 0.288 km. Jl. Gn Batur condition is slightly damaged 0.546 km. For the type of handling carried out Jl. Gn Agung periodic maintenance and routine maintenance, Jl. Gn Rinjani, Jl. Gn Batukaru, Jl. Gn Semeru and Jl. Gn Batur is regular maintenance. Inventory of road condition data and basic road data of Klungkung district using GIS provides an overview of road conditions in the form of a road network map so as to provide convenience in monitoring road conditions and determining the type of handling. This research can be used as a reference in determining the type of handling of district roads in Klungkung district.

Unscented Kalman-filter to manage the handling-comfort trade-off of quarter-of-vehicle

This paper investigates managing the comfort-handling trade-off of a quarter car suspension system using a Kalman filter. Using the unscented Kalman filter, the adapted feedback input signal is extracted based on the vertical acceleration signals of the chassis and wheel. Considering the chassis acceleration signal as the primary feedback to maintain a required comfort level, it is continuously adapted to keep an acceptable level of road handling. Compared with the traditional methods, which rely on the combination of the two modes of comfort and handling through an intermediate variable to manage the contradiction, this method focuses on comfort and improves the process of the road handling automatically. The proposed strategy is evaluated using simulation in MATLAB and the results show the feasibility of this method in managing the handling-comfort trade-off. In addition, mathematical relationships that allow this control strategy to be derived were shown. Moreover, the effects of road disturbances amplitudes and road quality on the performance of the proposed control strategy were investigated. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the hybrid-hook and the results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Prediction of Road Handling Cost Using Markov Chain Method in Regency Road Network

The use of budget in road management must be effective and efficient by providing the optimal pavement performance values. The problem in cost optimization of the road handling programs in West Bangka Regency is the lack of information regarding with the changes in conditions that will occur in the future due to the pattern of road handling that carried out, so that required a method that capable to predict road pavement conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine the cost of future road handling programs based on the value of road pavement conditions from the prediction results using Markov chain method. Modeling requires an initial condition vector and a Transition Probability Matrix (TPM). The main data used in the development of this model is pavement condition data and road handling history data for 2012 - 2017. The application of the Markov chain model on the road network in West Bangka Regency in the period of 2018 - 2022 shows a drastic decrease in pavement conditions, if not conducted the handling action on the road damage, with a change in the value of Good (B) condition from 63.7% in 2017 become 12.3% in 2022. Based on a simulation of a road management program during this period, produce an estimated cost of Rp. 45.338.471.000 by providing a change in the value of Good (B) conditions at the end of 2022 by 58.6%. The results of the study are expected could assist road managers in the context of the preparation of an optimal road management program.

Quarter car model optimization of active suspension system using fuzzy PID and linear quadratic regulator controllers

The primary objective of this paper is to improve the performance of a car's active suspension system and control the vibrations that occurred in the car's using two well-known control technologies, namely the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and fuzzy PID control. When the car suspension is designed, a quarter car model with two degrees of freedom is used. A complete control system is needed to provide the desired suspension performance and characteristics such as passenger comfort, road handling, and suspension deflection, this control system performed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK and includes three parts: input signals (actuator force and road profile), Controller part, and the suspension system model. The simulation results from the implemented Simulink models show a comparison between the uncontrolled suspension system and the suspension system with a fuzzy PID controller and the active suspension system of the car based on the linear-quadratic regulator, and it is explained thoroughly.

DETERMINING ROAD HANDLING ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL OF DAMAGE USING SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX (SDI) METHOD

<p>Roads that have been functioned are in good condition, slightly damaged, moderately damaged, and heavily damaged, therefore road maintenance is needed. Road maintenance uses costs, and the available costs are often insufficient to carry out road repairs as a whole, so it is necessary to determine the priority scale of road repairs. The Surface Distress Index (SDI) method is a method used by the DGH to determine the level of road damage, furthermore as a basis for determining the priority scale for road repairs. Along 2.25 km of Jalan Merdeka 1, Sukabumi City, it is the sampling location for the study to determine the condition of road damage. Each investigation point is determined to be 200 m long, starting from the initial STA 0 + 000 - 0 + 200 to the last STA 2 + 200 - 2 + 250. The results showed that the road conditions consisted of moderately damaged, lightly damaged to heavily damaged, so it needed maintenance at STA 0 + 000 - 0 + 400, it needed rehabilitation at STA 0 + 400 - 1 + 800 and STA 2 + 200 - 2 + 250 , as well as need reconstruction at STA 1 + 800 - STA 2 + 200. The results of this study can be used as a basis for determining road handling by policymakers.</p>

Performance analysis of MR damper based semi-active suspension system using optimally tuned controllers

This study assesses the dynamic performance of the semi-active quarter car vehicle under random road conditions through a new approach. The monotube MR damper is modelled using non-parametric method based on the dynamic characteristics obtained from the experiments. This model is used as the variable damper in a semi-active suspension. In order to control the vibration caused under random road excitation, an optimal sliding mode controller (SMC) is utilised. Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is coupled to identify the parameters of the SMC. Three optimal criteria are used for determining the best sliding mode controller parameters which are later used in estimating the ride comfort and road handling of a semi-active suspension system. A comparison between the SMC, Skyhook, Ground hook and PID controller suggests that the optimal parameters with SMC have better controllability than the PID controller. SMC has also provided better controllability than the PID controller at higher road roughness.

Prediction of Road Infrastructure Priorities in Banten Province Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method

Roads are the key infrastructure that is needed to support the smooth transportation to improve the condition of the community economy. Along with the passage of time and the use of the road, the road will suffer damage due to natural factors as well as other technical factors, so it takes serious handling efforts from the local government to maintain excellent road infrastructure for the community. In case of road damage handling in some areas still found problems that need to be resolved immediately, one of them is the problem of availability of budget that is not comparable to the level of damage of the road is quite a lot required a method to know the order of the road priority should be addressed immediately. To determine the prediction and priority order of road handling, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) algorithm is used with consideration of damage, traffic, and economic factors as criteria decision. The result shows that area of Serang city with the value 0.231 (23.1%) as the most priority road to be repaired.

Penilaian Kondisi Jalan Menggunakan Metode International Roughness Index (IRI) Dan Surface Distress Index (SDI) Pada Ruas Jalan Akses Terminal Alang-Alang Lebar (Studi Kasus: Sp. Soekarno Hatta – Bts. Kota Palembang Km 13)

Road infrastructure is needed to support economic growth in line with regional accessibility and mobility in economic growth support. The road link of Sp. Soekarno Hatta- Palembang border is a national road connectivity that link South Sumatra Province with other provinces. Volume and overload Traffic will affect road pavement conditions, therefore it is necessary need maintenance so that road remain in steady condition. Right-on-target road handling requires prior planning based on accurate pavement condition survey data. One of way to determine the condition of the pavement is obtained by using a roughness measuring instrument. This tool is used to determine uniformity in obtaining the flatness value of the road surface which is expressed in the International Roughness Index (IRI) value. In addition, the evaluation of pavement conditions can be carried out using the Surface Distress Index (SDI) method. This research examines the condition of the pavement on the road Sp. Soekarno Hatta-. Palembang border, by comparing the values of IRI and SDI in order to obtain a road management proposal which is useful as input for road administrators in road maintenance.The results showed that the IRI method obtained a condition value of 67%, a minor damage condition was 33%. Meanwhile, the SDI method obtained a moderate value of 66% and 34% lightly damaged conditions. The results of the two methods show a slight difference in the proportion of the value of the pavement condition by 1%. The results of road condition services using the IRI and SDI methods can provide an illustration that from the total length of the observed road at km 9 + 000 - 12 + 000, belong the medium category that requires routine maintenance, beside that, km 12 + 000 - 13 + 000 the road belong a light damaged that periodic maintenance is needed..Keywords: IRI, SDI, Pavement performance

Priority of provincial road maintenance in Kabupaten Aceh Besar based on analytic hierarchy process method

Road damage that has occurred on several roads has caused enormous losses, especially for road users, such as long travel times, congestion, accidents, and others. It is necessary to pay attention to this so that there is no deterioration in road quality due to road surface damage so that it can affect safety, comfort, and smoothness of traffic. Therefore, researchers damaged road surface conditions, which can affect the travel time of the vehicle. The purpose of this research is to identify the type and level of road damage and to determine road-handling priorities. The results of calculating the condition of each provincial road section in the Aceh Besar District using the PCI method are included in the very good, good and moderate categories, so that the type of handling can be determined is routine maintenance. From the results of the analysis of respondents by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), said that the priority road-handling by using several criteria, namely: the order of 1 is the type of treatment with a weight of 0.47, then the second is the condition of the road with a weight of 0.37, then the third-order is accessibility with a weight of 0.12, and the fourth place is a land use with a weight of 0.04. As for the alternative road-handling priority obtained a score’s greatest at road Keutapang Dua - Mata Ie with the acquisition of a score of 0.34, then alternate both at road Batas Kota Banda Aceh - Sp. Lam Ateuk 0.32, the third alternative on road Ir. M. Thaher 0.26, for the fourth alternative on road Sp. Lamreueng-Sp. Cot Iri 0.06, the fifth alternative on road Kota Jantho-Alue Glong 0.011, the sixth alternative on road Bts. Banda Aceh-Blang Bintang 0.010, and for the seventh alternative on road Krueng Raya - Batas Pidie with a score of 0.003. The first priority for road handling based on an assessment of road conditions using the PCI method is road Krueng Raya - Batas Pidie section.

Intelligent Control Strategies for Three Degree of Freedom Active Suspension System

Suspension system plays a major role in both comfort and stability of a vehicle. This paper presents modeling and controlling for a 3 Degree of Freedom (DOF) active suspension system. Four controllers are designed to control the response of the active suspension system, namely PID, LQR, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The response for both the active suspension system and the passive suspension system is compared. For passive suspension system, it has been found out that it is hard to improve both passenger comfort and road handling at the same time, because of the fixed parameters that cannot be changed during the work. On the other hand, in active suspension system, both ride comfort and road handling can be improved. This work has showed that ANN, FLC, LQR, and PID controllers can be used with an active suspension system in order to improve the performance, the stability, and the ride comfortability compared to the passive suspension system. All these controllers are simulated using MATLAB and Simulink. Different road profiles are used to test the active suspension system response, such as a step input of 0.1 m, and a sinewave of amplitude of 0.3m and a frequency of 0.318Hz. All the controllers show better response compared to passive suspension system. A compromise can be done to choose the controller depending on the desired states.

Performance Comparison of Various controllers on Semi-Active Vehicle Suspension System

The value of a self-tuning adaptive semi-active control scheme for automotive suspension systems is discussed in this paper. The current vehicle suspension system uses fixed-coeffcient springs and dampers. The ability of vehicle suspension systems to provide good road handling and improve passenger comfort is usually valued. Passive suspension allows you to choose between these two options. Semi-Active suspension(SAS), on the other hand, can provide both road handling and comfort by manipulating the suspension force actuators directly. The semi-active suspension system for a quarter car model is compared to passive and various controllers such as Proportional-Integral, Proportional-Integral-Derivative, Internal model control (IMC)-PID, IMC-PID with filter, FUZZY, and Adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) in this analysis. This research could be relevant in the future for designing better car suspension adjustments to eliminate vertical jerks and rolling motion experienced by the vehicle body on bumps and humps.

A Bayes learning approach for monitoring the condition of suspension system using vibration signals

The suspension system is an important component in an automobile, aimed to provide better comfort and good road handling characteristics during vehicle motion on uneven road conditions. Varying load conditions, prolonged operations, continuous road shocks absorption, and time-based degradation of internal components can create faults in a suspension system. Fault occurrences in the suspension system can damage the internal components that lead to malfunctioning of the system causes failure and endanger vehicle safety. Thus, condition monitoring has become an essential part of identifying fault occurrences in a suspension system. This paper is focussed on condition monitoring of suspension system using vibration signal analysis and faults are classified with the help of machine learning-based Bayesian classifiers. A test setup is fabricated to simulate the working of the suspension system under different load conditions with one good and six faulty conditions. Vibration signals are recorded and used to extract statistical features. Further J48 decision tree algorithm was utilized to identify the most significant features during feature selection process. Bayes classifiers such as NaiveBayes and BayesNet classifiers were used to find the type of fault occurrence from the selected features. The overall results of the aforementioned classifiers are compared and the best in the Bayesian classifier is suggested for real-time application.

PRIORITAS PENANGANAN JALAN KABUPATEN PIDIE MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALISIS MULTI KRITERIA (AMK)

Pidie District has a district road length of 1,015 Km and is divided into 445 roads. The lack of funds makes it difficult to determine the priority of handling the road, it is necessary to examine the method of setting road priority in accordance with the needs of the community. The purpose of this study was to obtain criteria weights based on perceptions of importance between criteria using 15 stakeholder respondents and to determine the priority order of handling road infrastructure in Pidie District due to limited funding capacity in Pidie District Government using the Multi Criteria Analysis (AMK) method accessibility, regional development, economic sector development, cost aspects, environmental impact and road damage as the selection criteria. The results of this study are that road damage criteria get the highest weight, which is 0.197, then environmental impact criteria 0.190, economic development criteria 0.184, accessibility criteria for accessibility 0.152, regional development criteria 0.147 and cost aspect criteria 0.130. This can be interpreted that the aspect of road damage is a major consideration in determining the priority of road development in Pidie District but not significant to other criteria. Based on the weighting and scoring of these criteria, a sequence of priorities for road handling in Pidie District is obtained, where Jalan Bangkeh - Leupu is the first priority with a performance value of 4.152

Control analysis of vehicle ride comfort through integrated control devices on the quarter and half car active suspension systems

This study proposed an integrated chassis control of the quarter car and half car active suspension systems to enhance vehicle ride comfort and road handling performance. The integrated controls of PID-LQR and Fuzzy-PID were designed to maximize driving comfort by keeping the vehicle wheels in contact with the road surface. The PID control which is commonly used in car manufacturing was set as a controller benchmark. Multiple road conditions such as speed bumps of different heights, 0.1 m < h < 0.3 m and widths, 0.3 m < d < 0.5 m were used in the system for analysis. In comparison with PID-LQR, Fuzzy-PID showed the lowest peak amplitude and reached the stability state in a minimum time against the controller benchmark. This indicates that vehicle ride comfort and road handling performance can be optimized using the proposed Fuzzy-PID control.

Hardware in the Loop Testing of Adaptive Inertia Weight PSO-Tuned LQR Applied to Vehicle Suspension Control

This paper presents an adaptive inertia weight particle swarm optimization (AIWPSO) employed for solving the multiobjective weight optimization problem of LQR applied for the vehicle active suspension system (ASS). To meet the competing control objectives of ASS including the ride comfort, road handling, and suspension travel, the state feedback controller design for ASS is formulated as an optimization problem and an improved PSO is employed for finding the optimal weights of the linear-quadratic regulator (LQR). Specifically, for solving the premature convergence of the particles and imbalance between exploration and exploitation capabilities of PSO, an adaptive inertia weight that updates the velocity of the particles based on the success rate is used. The efficacy of the AIWPSO-tuned LQR is experimentally tested on a quarter-car ASS plant using the hardware in loop (HIL) testing for an uneven road surface. Experimental results highlight that, compared to conventional PSO-tuned LQR, the proposed scheme can significantly minimize the vehicle body acceleration due to irregular road profile while guaranteeing the minimum tire friction for passenger safety. The ISO 2361-1 standards adopted to evaluate the ride and health criteria substantiate that the proposed scheme reduces the vibration dose value by 25.34% for a bumpy road profile. Moreover, the cumulative power spectral density (CPSD) of vehicle body acceleration assessed in both low- and high-frequency regions manifests the significant improvement in the ride comfort.