District Roads Research Articles

RCCNet: A Spatial-Temporal Neural Network Model for Logistics Delivery Timely Rate Prediction

In logistics service, the delivery timely rate is a key experience indicator, which is highly essential to the competitive advantage of express companies. Prediction on it enables intervention on couriers with low predicted results in advance, thus ensuring employee productivity and customer satisfaction. Currently, few related works focus on couriers’ level delivery timely rate prediction, and there are complex spatial correlations between couriers and road districts in the express scenario, which makes traditional real-time prediction approaches hard to utilize. To deal with this, we propose a deep spatial-temporal neural network, RCCNet to model spatial-temporal correlations. Specifically, we adopt Node2vec, which can encode the road network-based graph directly to capture spatial correlations between road districts. Further, we calculate couriers’ historical time-series similarity to build a graph and employ graph convolutional networks to capture the correlation between couriers. We also leverage historical sequential information with long short-term memory networks. We conduct experiments with real-world express datasets. Compared with other competitive baseline methods widely used in industry, the experiment results demonstrate its superior performance over multiple baselines.

PEMELIHARAAN KONSTRUKSI JALAN DENGAN METODE SDI

The Dawan-Pesinggahan Road section is one of the sections that has the status of a district road in Klungkung Regency. The Dawan Pesinggahan Road section is located in Dawan District, Dawan Village and Pesinggahan Village, which has a length of 3,300 km and an average width of 4.5 m. The Dawan – Pesinggahan Road section has existing conditions in 2021, namely 3,300 km in good condition, 0.9 km in moderate condition and there are conditions of light and heavy damage. In 2022, there will be a lot of road damage which will cause the condition of the road to decline and it is very necessary to assess the condition of the road so that we can find out what measures will be taken to restore road stability on the Dawan-Pesinggahan Road Section. Assessment of road conditions using the SDI method in Klungkung Regency was carried out on the Jl. Dawan – Stopover. The selection of this section as a sample was due to time constraints and the district road section used as a travel center in Klungkung Regency which needs to receive more attention through road management. Apart from that, the section used is a road section that visually has road damage. This research was carried out because there are still damaged roads that need to be treated quickly. This research aims to analyze road conditions, analyze the type of treatment and obtain costs for handling the road section. The data used in the research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through a survey of road conditions by measuring road damage, while secondary data was obtained from the community development sector of the Klungkung Regency PUPRPKP Service, namely Klungkung Regency road decrees, Klungkung Regency road maps and basic Klungkung Regency road data. The research stages are, identifying road damage by taking measurements, data recapitulation by processing surveys, data analysis using the SDI method and estimating costs to repair the road. Assessment results for the Jl. Dawan – Pesinggahan Crocodile cracks at 13.54%, random cracks 18.71%, transverse cracks 17.06%, patches 14.66%, holes 12.03% and subsidence 13.24% and the estimated cost required to maintain this road section is IDR. 3,864,775,688.95

Green space-building integration for Urban Heat Island mitigation: Insights from Beijing's fifth ring road district

In this research, we delve into the complex arrangement of urban landscapes, where green spaces and buildings are not merely co-existing but are interwoven into a cohesive fabric that shapes the thermal environment. Our approach transcends the conventional methods of analysis, which typically isolate the roles of greenery or built environments. Instead, we adopt a synergistic perspective that recognizes the collective influence of these landscape constituents on the urban thermal pattern. Key insights are: (1) A linear decrease in average land surface temperature with increasing green space coverage is observed. However, substantial temperature variations (up to 8 °C) within the same coverage interval highlight the significant impact of built-up pattern on thermal conditions; (2) High Building Height and Floor Area Ratio, and low Building Coverage Ratio and Sky View Factor, are linked to cooler temperatures in areas with up to 50 % green space; (3) The study suggests that low-temperature areas can inform the adjustment of built-up patterns in high-temperature areas, offering a strategy for thermal environment optimization within specific green space coverage intervals. This research contributes insights into the integrated planning of green spaces and buildings, with implications for urban development and renewal initiatives aiming to enhance the urban thermal environment.

The Influence of Vehicles Parking on the Roadside as Reduction of Lane Width on Traffic Performance

The city of Poso is experiencing rapid economic growth, attracting many newcomers and developing various commercial facilities along its streets. This study analyzes traffic performance on three road sections in Poso City: Jl. Pulau Irian Jaya (District Road), Jl. Pulau Sumatera (National Road), and Jl. Kasintuwu (Provincial Road), focusing on the impact of on-street parking as a side friction and lane width reduction on road capacity and degree of saturation (DS). The methods used are MKJI 1997 and PKJI 2023. The study results indicate that road capacity decreases and DS increases significantly when using the PKJI 2023 method compared to MKJI 1997. Jl. Pulau Irian Jaya experienced an increase in DS from 0.372 to 0.410 (side friction) and from 0.874 to 0.94 (lane width reduction). Jl. Pulau Sumatera showed an increase in DS from 0.716 to 0.776 (side friction) and from 0.75 to 0.84 (lane width reduction). Meanwhile, Jl. Kasintuwu showed an increase in DS from 0.114 to 0.118 (side friction) and from 0.20 to 0.21 (lane width reduction). These results suggest that the PKJI 2023 method provides a more conservative estimate, indicating a more significant decline in traffic performance compared to MKJI 1997.

Maintenance Strategy for the Muliama-Wa2e-Makki Road Section in Jayawijaya Regency, Papua Province, Highlands

In Jayawijaya Regency, there are several prioritized road sections, including national, provincial, and district roads. The Muliama-Wame-Makki road section is classified as a provincial road serving as an alternative route, with a total length of 22 kilometers connecting Jayawijaya Regency and Lanni Jaya Regency. The traffic on this road is quite heavy with a diverse composition (Mixed Traffic). An analysis using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) was conducted based on field survey data, including measurements of the extent, types, and quantities of surface damage per 200 meters along each road segment. The types of damage observed on the Muliama-Wame-Makki road section include patching, longitudinal cracks, alligator cracking, and pavement subsidence, with a total damage percentage of 1.684%. The maintenance strategy is determined based on the PCI calculation and Bina Marga method, suggesting that routine maintenance is sufficient for addressing the observed issues.

Analisis Penyelidikan Tanah Box Culvert STA. 4+550 dan STA. 8+575 dengan Sondir Manual Paket I.4 – Pembangunan Jalan Kawasan Industri Terpadu (KIT) Batang

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia is developing the Batang Integrated Industrial Estate (KIT), a national strategic project in the shape of an industrial park. A particularly vital industrial region, the Batang Integrated Industrial Estate (KIT) is situated in the northern economic corridor of Java and has access to the Trans Java Toll Road, the rail network, as well as nearby dry ports and port facilities. In order to connect the roads in the Batang Integrated Industrial Estate (KIT) with district roads and national roads or North Coast roads (Pantura), Package I.4-Road Construction of the Batang Integrated Industrial Estate was constructed. In order to ascertain the pertinent stratigraphic and physical characteristics of the soil on which the construction site was built, a soil investigation was conducted during construction. This process is used to assess whether the soil is stable enough to support the construction of a building. Data will be gathered in the form of soil resistance forces against the sondir or cone layers following an investigation or soil study. The sondir test can also be used to determine the required foundation depth, to precisely determine the original soil's bearing capacity, and to choose the appropriate type foundation to use. Location of Sta. 4+550 has a Box Culvert with sufficient embankment height so that it needs to be replaced as deep as -2.00 meters, while the location of the Box Culvert is at Sta. 8+575 embankment height is higher, it requires analysis of soil bearing capacity and settlement so that the replacement depth and use of mini pile foundation can be determined.

DISTRICT ROAD DATABASE MANAGEMENT BASED ON GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO SUPPORT REGENCY ROAD MAINTENANCE (CASE STUDY: SINTANG DISTRICT)

Road maintenance on the section of the road classified as a district road in the Sintang sub-district is the responsibility of the Sintang District Government. The financial constraints of the Sintang District Government, allocated annually in the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) of Sintang District, pose a challenge in realizing the plan for district road maintenance, whereas funding for road maintenance needs to be budgeted regularly to maintain the road conditions in good shape, therefore, in this case, stakeholders or decision-makers are expected to be able to consider and decide which road sections should receive recommendations for "urgent," "immediate," and "postponed" maintenance. The chosen road maintenance points must not solely prioritize the lowest construction costs, accessibility, or strategic area value. Indeed, in this case, an analysis is required to integrate various criteria, thus serving as the basis for a decision as the best choice. The research method is presented descriptively, explaining the determination of the scale for recommending maintenance of district roads. The data collection technique is carried out using primary data in the form of documentation photos of each road section and road condition data assessed using the Road Condition Index (RCI) method or road roughness index, as well as secondary data consisting of road inventory data, road condition data, accident data, area size data, socioeconomic data, and maps. The fulfillment of the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) for roads is then calculated based on the collected data. This includes both the MSS for individual road sections and the MSS for the road network. The fulfillment of the road network's MSS is divided into three aspects: accessibility, mobility, and safety. Based on the analysis of the MSS, it is categorized into three recommendations: "urgent," "immediate," and "postponed." After obtaining the recommendations for each road section, they are presented as a map. After obtaining the research results, two road sections fall under the "urgent" recommendation for road maintenance. For immediate recommendations, there are 15 road sections. Meanwhile, 44 road sections are included in the delayed recommendations for road maintenance to be carried out.

The Measurement of the Noise Level Based on Roads Classifications in Urban Area (Case Study: Harjamukti, Depok)

Harjamukti Village is located in Depok City which is a buffer zone for the capital city of DKI Jakarta, the rapidly growing housing sector shows that this location has an attractiveness. The next problem that arises is the potential for noise from vehicular traffic due to community mobility. Noise measurements carried out using SNI 8427: 2017 show the LSM value on each road: Tumaritis Road (68.87 dBA), Bungur Road (61.29 dBA), Putri Tunggal Road (73.67 dBA), Putri Tunggal District Road (65.7 dBA) and Sementara Road (61.29 dBA). This study was conducted to see the road class based on the noise and capacity parameters, so that from these two parameters, can we clearly show the road class being analyzed. The measurements were carried out for 24 hours using the standard SNI 8427: 2017. The quality standard for the residential area used was 55 Dba based on the Minister of Environment Decree No. 48 of 1996. The road capacity used is analyzed based on the number of vehicles and the class of each road. Based on the noise parameters (sig 0.006) and capacity (sig 0.000) so that from the noise parameter there is no significant difference in the 5 research locations, while the road capacity shows a significant difference from the 5 research locations. Prediction of road class cannot be determined from the noise value and road capacity, because the noise obtained needs to be analyzed for the types of activities around whether there is an influence from other activities that are also dominant, such as toll roads and road capacity, because there are local road classes whose capacity is not detected different from collector road class.

PENERAPAN APLIKASI PROVINCIAL/ KABUPATEN ROAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PKRMS) PADA KEGIATAN PRESERVASI JALAN DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT

The database-based one data management policy is used by the West Sumbawa Regency DPUPR community development sector, especially for road infrastructure. Apart from that, the high percentage of unsatisfactory district roads in West Sumbawa shows the need for good management planning to facilitate decision making in implementing district road preservation in West Sumbawa. Through this study, the type and volume of damage to roads and complementary buildings and supporting facilities can be detected early so that immediate treatment can be carried out. This research aims to describe the application of the Provincial/District Road Management System (PKRMS) application. The data presented in this research is field data obtained from the work results (output) of the PKRMS application as a media/tool for conducting road condition surveys as part/item of district road preservation/maintenance activities in West Sumbawa. This research design uses a qualitative method with a survey approach using the Privincial/District Road Management System (PKRMS) application. The results of the research show that the current performance conditions of district roads in West Sumbawa are still far from ideal. This is because several roads have not been 100% treated with preservation. So the program recommendation is periodic maintenance and routine maintenance

Slope Stability Evaluation based on Empirical Methods and it’s Potential Remedy at Lesser Himalayan Zone (A Case Study of Bhalam-Hill Slope, Kaski)

The study area lies in Bhalam, Kaski district nearly 2 km from Batulechour main district road network near Gandarva community residing near Kali Khola river. The study area is comprises of several lithological factors. Field observation, sampling, lab analysis, geological survey with GPS, compass, geological hammer and tape are the main methods utilize to evaluate slope stability and possibility of failure in the study area. From the study it is found that there are few major discontinuities which play vital role in determining slope failure around the study area. The major failure due to discontinuity are planar failure, wedge failure and somewhere block failure. High ground water table approximately 0.06m, steep slope varying from 25° to 60°, improper road cutting, weathering of rock mass are major factor contributing to rock fall and landslide in the study area. The study also shows FOS<1(0.937 and 0.569) at two different places which is most critical and make slope unstable. SMR is calculated on the basis of RMRb, GSI is calculated on the basis of RQD and UCS is calculated on the basis of empirical methods which uses pulse velocity and porosity chart for determining related equation. The calculated value of RMRb, SMR and FOS shows less stability of study area along Bhalam-Batulechour road section near Kali- Khola river with possibility of impact on Bhalam road bridge and two lane road section. There need a corrective measure in slope for sustainable stability in the long run.

Level of road user satisfaction with safety and confort on jalan Mohammad hatta

Mohammad Hatta Road is a type of district road that is used as a link between Kurik District and MalindiMalindiMalindi District. The increased activity and mobility of residents on Jalan Mohammad Hatta have not been balanced with safety and comfort for road users, such as damage to the road body and a lack of supporting facilities on the road. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the lack of safety and comfort levels of road users and the influence between satisfaction variables on safety and comfort variables on Jalan Mohammad Hatta. This research method uses the correlation test method. This test is used to find the relationship between variable X (satisfaction) and variable Y (safety and comfort) on Jalan Mohammad Hatta which has bad road conditions. The data used in this study were obtained by distributing questionnaires with a total sample of 394 respondents. The results of this study showed that people were dissatisfied a percentage of 83.61%, insecure with a percentage of 83.92%, and very uncomfortable with percentage of 84.01%, in terms of several factors, namely road conditions, stability of vehicles, health, travel effectiveness, economy, pavement structure, socio-cultural conditions, facilities, and accessibility. There is a relationship between the satisfaction variable and the safety variable with a correlation value of 0.905 and a relationship between the satisfaction variable and the comfort variable with a correlation value of 0.886. So it shows that the higher the level of safety and comfort, the higher the level of satisfaction of road users.

Analisis Pengaruh Aktivitas Pasar Tradisional Marisa Terhadap Kinerja Ruas Jalan Sultan Amai Kecamatan Marisa Kabupaten Pohuwato

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of Marisa Traditional Market activities on the performance of Marisa District Roads, Pohuwato Regency. The research was carried out at the Marisa Traditional Market, Jalan Sultan Amai, Marisa District, Pohuwato Regency using data analysis, namely vehicle volume (Q), free flow speed (Fv), capacity (C), degree of saturation (DS) and service level. The research results show that the vehicle volume at the morning peak hour is 373.53 vehicles/hour. The vehicle volume during the afternoon peak is 363.27 vehicles/hour and in the afternoon it is 450.10 vehicles/hour. Traffic speed (Fv) is 37.04 km/hour. The capacity value (C) is 2,249.84 pcu/hour. The degree of saturation (DS) value was 0.16 for the first day of observation, 0.17 for the second day of observation and 0.20 for the third day of observation. From the degree of saturation value, the level of service (LoS) value is obtained, namely A. Based on the characteristics of the level of service, this means free flow, low volume and high speed. The driver can choose the desired speed.

Risk Analysis of Pemalang District Road and Bridge Construction Delays

Risk Analysis of Pemalang District Road and Bridge Construction Delays

Synergy of Road Network Planning Indices on Central Retail District Pedestrian Evacuation Efficiency

Pedestrian evacuation is an important measure to ensure disaster safety in central retail districts, the efficiency of which is affected by the synergy of road network planning indices. This paper established the typical forms of central retail district (CRD) road networks in terms of block form, network structure and road grade, taking China as an example. The experiment was designed using the orthogonal design of experiment (ODOE) method and quantified the evacuation time under different road network planning indices levels through the Anylogic simulation platform. Using range and variance analysis methods, the synergy of network density, network connectivity, road type and road width on pedestrian evacuation efficiency were studied from the perspectives of significance, importance and optimal level. The results showed that the type of CRD will affect the importance of network planning indices, and that the network connectivity is insignificant (P 0.477/0.581) in synergy; networks with wide pedestrian primary roads (30.1~40.0 m), medium secondary roads (3.1~5.0 m/side) and high density (11.0~13.0 km/km2) have the highest evacuation efficiency. From the perspective of evacuees, this paper put forward urban design implications on CRD road networks to improve their capacity for disaster prevention and reduction.

A Review on Rural Road Improvement and Its Impact on Socioeconomic Development of Kaski District

Rural roads are the spinal cord whose connectivity to the settlements, cultivated lands and its improvement play an important role in sustainable socio-economic development of Kaski district as well as developing country like Nepal as a whole. The accessibility of rural road network is reflected in the field of education, health, employment, agriculture, marketing, tourism as well as in the changing pattern of daily livelihood of rural community in Kaski district. There is some level of achievement of fair weather road but is not sufficient regarding to accessibility to remote settlement and productivity. They need to be prioritizing for improvement to all weather road based on productivity. Improvement like upgrading, opening of track, culvert also seems to be necessary which too reflect positive impact on socio-economic development of Kaski district. This paper tries to review 19 district roads under government planning and emphasis for prioritization for upgrading (earthen, gravel, bitumen) based on cost-benefit ratio analysis. Indicators are taken basically on the basis of agriculture, school, health facility, access to market, access to district centre, water supply in the area, road condition. The average number of points of entire groups is calculated with the help of weights and benefits. Cost/Benefit ratio analysed for each rural road are then ranked as per ascending order of it. This will conclude remarks for the improvement of rural road network for sustainable socio-economic development of Kaski district whose satisfactory results are still to be obtained.

Speed Display Radars’ Impact on Speed Reduction on District Roads at Settlement Entrances

Speed is one of the main causes of severe traffic accidents, especially of those involving vulnerable road users. Speed display radars are one of the engineering solutions that aim to reduce the speed of traffic flow at locations where it is crucial. A before and after study was conducted at six locations on district roads in the Republic of Croatia. As part of the research, vehicles’ speeds were measured for two weeks, during which the devices’ displays were switched off for one week and switched on for another, however, the devices’ radars recorded and collected the speeds of all vehicles which passed during the research period. The research collected a total of 182,352 speeds of recorded vehicles. The test was performed to determine the effect of speed display radar on the potential vehicles’ speed reduction. The results did not show a statistically significant difference in average hourly speeds at most locations, however, they showed a statistically significant difference in 85th percentile hourly speeds of approximately 1 to 3 km/h. Therefore, it can be concluded that the speed display radars at the locations had a positive effect on reducing the vehicles’ speeds. Additionally, at some locations a decrease in the number of speed limit violators was found which proved to be a statistically significant difference between the share of speed limit violators in total traffic flow.

Road Accident Analysis and Safety Audit: A Case Study of MDR 132

Road accident and road safety are the key global concerns and problem for emerging nations like India. It has been attempted to examine the accidents that happened on Major District Road (MDR) 132 (Nuh to Hodal), India in the last five years. The primary objective of this study was to perform the Road Safety Audit for identification of accident-prone areas based on Accident Severity Index (ASI) and provide some improvement measures in order to lower the frequency and severity of accidents. Identified accident prone locations (blackspots) were ranked according to the ASI index. The distribution of accidents based on various parameters were also discussed. Site visit of critical sections of the road to observe road deficiencies were made and safety recommendations, along with the risk associated with them and priority as per IRC: SP: 88-2019, were suggested.

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Walking in Campus Landscape to Young Adults

Green space has a vital role in the community’s health and well-being. Forest bathing is an effective method of enjoying the forest atmosphere through physical activity or relaxing in a forest landscape. However, until now, no one has declared the benefits of forest therapy in Indonesia. This study clarifies the physiological and psychological effects of walking in a campus landscape. This research was conducted using experimental methods through physical activity survey, self-report questionnaires, Visitor Employed Photography (VEP), and automatic classification based on the image annotation API. The experiment was conducted in a park and an arboretum, and thirty-two young university subjects were tested. The participants walked for fifteen minutes on walking routes and district roads. Their blood pressure was measured before and after walking, and their heart rate was measured continuously. During the walk, the subjects took photographs of striking scenes using the Visitor Employed Photography method. Profile of Mood States (POMS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to evaluate the psychological responses. Walking in the campus landscape resulted in a lower heart rate, less negative moods, and less anxiety than walking on the district road. Out of 837 photographs, 45% were taken from the Academic Event Plaza, 41.5% from the Arboretum, and the remaining 13.5% from district road, Jalan Raya Dramaga. Two main groups of campus green spaces included man-made landscape consisting of road surface, buildings, plant organs, stairs, and terrestrial plants; and natural landscape consisting of sky, trees, flowers, clouds, and plant community. This study found that walking in campus green space induced physiological and psychological health benefits and prominent landscape elements supported the green campus.

Models, Algorithms and Applications of DynasTIM Real-Time Traffic Simulation System

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have the potential to improve traffic conditions and reduce travel delays. As a decision support software system for ITS, DynasTIM is based on the principle of dynamic traffic assignment and developed for real-time online simulation, prediction and optimization of dynamic traffic flows in urban or expressway networks. This paper introduces the models, algorithms and some typical applications of DynasTIM. The main contents include: the functional architecture; the application architecture of the system; dynamic OD (Origin-Destination) flows estimation method with novel formula for assignment matrix computation; mesoscopic traffic model using variable-length speed influence region and calibrating speed online based on connected vehicles data; and parallel SPSA algorithm based urban area signal optimization method. The functions of DynasTIM are implemented basically through three main modules: state estimation (ES), state prediction and control strategy optimization (PS&CSO), and guidance strategy optimization (GSO). The case study is aimed at the populated Futian Central Business District (CBD) road network in Shenzhen, China, which has an area of about 7 square kilometers. Based on the archived turning counts collected from 359 video traffic detection locations, DynasTIM was calibrated offline for this network, in order to validate the capability of simulating actual traffic conditions, and to set up basic conditions for testing signal optimization methods. The results show that the simulation output flows of DynasTIM have fairly good matching accuracy with the real surveillance flows in the field. Furthermore, for the CBD network with 38 signalized intersections, the signal optimization method is evaluated and better signal timing plans are found which can reduce about 13% average travel delay, compared with the signal plans currently implemented in the field.

Environmental Impact Assessment of fly ash and GGBS based Geopolymer Concrete in Road Construction

– Geopolymer concrete is an effective alternative to reduce adverse impacts of cement manufacturing on environment and achieving sustainable development. Road construction is a major sector, which utilizes concrete in large volume, having significant effect on environment. The present work is presented in two parts. In the first part, evaluation of CO2 emission for 1m3 of geopolymer and ordinary Portland cement concrete has been carried out and further compared. In the second part the results of first part are used to evaluate the CO2 emission for various types of road construction, National highway, State highway, Major District Road, Other District Road, Village Road for 1km of road. About 18 % of reduction in CO2 emission can be obtained by using geopolymer concrete instead of ordinary Portland cement concrete in road construction, just in 1km of stretch. Significant reduction in CO2 emission can be obtained in road sector by utilising geopolymer concrete leading to sustainability.