Branch Road Research Articles

Determination Method and Characteristics of Particle Size Multiplier of PM2.5 in Road Dust

The particle size multiplier is a valuable parameter for depicting the particle size distribution characteristics of road dust and calculating road dust emissions. In order to realize the localization of the particle size multiplier, the AP-42 and TRAKER methods were used for sampling on typical and different types of roads in Baoding in March 2019. Then, the particle size multiplier of road dust PM2.5 (K2.5) was calculated using the correction formula, and the characteristics were analyzed. The results indicated:① The K2.5 obtained separately by AP-42 and TRAKER were 0.21 g·VKT-1 and 0.23 g·VKT-1 on average, which correlated well, with a high correlation coefficient of 0.6. The PM2.5 emission factors calculated using the K2.5 of the different methods were almost at the same value, indicating that TRAKER method based on a laser sensor could measure and calculate the K2.5 and could be directly used to obtain the particle size multiplier or be converted using the fitting equation. ② The characteristics of the K2.5 in Baoding were ranked as:Expressway<Secondary roads<Branch roads<Major Roads. ③ Further study results of K2.5 characteristics demonstrated that the average K2.5 was higher than 0.15 g·VKT-1 (the value recommended by US EPA) in Baoding City, which would cause an underestimate of road dust emissions and increase the uncertainty of the emissions inventory if the recommended value from the EPA were adopted. The K2.5 in Baoding City is relatively high, indicating that the road dust contains a significant number of micro particles, increasing the contribution of road dust to urban atmospheric PM2.5.

Spatial heterogeneity in distance decay of using bike sharing: An empirical large-scale analysis in Shanghai

Distance decay is a vital aspect for modeling spatial interactions of human movements and an indispensable input for land use planning and travel demand prediction models. Although many studies have investigated the usage demand of bike-sharing systems in an area, research investigating the distance decay patterns of using dockless bike-sharing systems (DLBS) from a spatially heterogeneous perspective based on large-scale datasets is lacking. This study firstly utilizes massive transaction record data from DLBS in Shanghai of China and online map navigator Application Programming Interface to empirically estimate the distance decay patterns of using DLBS and reveal the spatial heterogeneity in distance decay of using DLBS across different urban contexts. Afterward, this study examines the mechanism of spatial heterogeneity in distance decay, leveraging multiple data resources including Point of Interest (POI) data, demographic data, and road network data. The associations among the distance decay of using DLBS with built environment factors are investigated by multiple linear regression. Results indicate that factors such as population density, land use entropy, branch road density, and metro station density are significantly related to larger distance decay of using DLBS, while factors such as commercial land use ratio, industrial land use ratio, and motorway density are significantly linked to smaller distance decay in Shanghai. Lastly, we further employ an adaptative geographically weighted regression to investigate the spatial divergences of the influences of built environment factors on distance decay. Results reveal notably distinct and even inverse influences of a built environment factor on the distance decay of using DLBS in different urban contexts. The findings provide insights into the distance decay patterns of using DLBS in different urban contexts and their interactions with the built environment, which can support accurate planning and management of sustainable DLBS as per specific urban characteristics.

Proposal of a prediction score for hematoma expansion after intracerebral hemorrhage

ObjectiveTo propose and validate a prediction score for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients at risk of hematoma expansion (HE). DesignA retrospective observational study was designed to propose and validate the score. SettingSanxiang Road branch and Xuguan branch belonging to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (China). PatientsA total of 317 ICH patients in Sanxiang Road branch were registered as the development cohort, and 109 ICH patients in Xuguan branch were enrolled as the validation cohort. ProcedureIndependent risk factors for HE were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. A prediction score was then proposed based on β coefficients and preliminarily verified in the validation cohort. Main variablesAll clinical data of the patients were compiled from the electronic medical records. Hematoma expansion was defined as an increase in hematoma volume >33% or absolute hematoma growth >6ml from the initial scan. Specific non-contrast CT(NCCT) signs were identified by two observers independently. ResultsOur score demonstrated satisfactory discrimination ability for HE (area under the ROC curve 0.854 in the development cohort versus 0.893 in the validation cohort). Appropriate calibration was found in the development cohort, whereas calibration in the validation cohort was slightly lower but still within the accuracy range (maximum deviation, average deviation and P were 0.070, 0.028, 0.773, respectively, versus 0.114, 0.056, 0.156). Decision curve analysis of the score from two samples were both far from the curve of treat all and curve of treat none, which verified its security and reliability. Patients with a total score ≥4.5 were at greatest risk of HE. ConclusionThe score may provide some reference and help in accurately identifying individuals at high risk of HE, allowing rapid guidance of clinical management and also serving as an aid in clinical trials.

Fault identification in T-connection transmission lines based on probabilistic neural network and wave impedance angle

In order to improve the accuracy of internal and external fault identification algorithms for T-connected transmission lines, a new method for fault identification of T-connected transmission line based on the probabilistic neural network and the angle of wave impedance is proposed. Extract the initial voltage and current phasor information of each traveling wave protection unit at a specific frequency based on the S transform, then calculate the included angle of the measured wave impedance at this frequency, and use this to form a T-connection transmission line fault characteristic sample set. The T-connection transmission line fault feature training sample set is input into the probabilistic neural network training and testing to establish a fault recognition model to identify the fault. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately identify the internal and external faults of the T-connection transmission line and the specific branch roads outside the zone.

Non-motorized Vehicle Traffic Accidents in China: Analysing Road Users’ Precrash Behaviors and Implications for Road Safety

The paper aims to explore underlying patterns of non-motorized vehicle (NM, including both regular bicycles and e-bikes) traffic accident occurrences based on precrash behaviors. A quarter-year data of NM accidents was collected by Yinzhou Traffic Police Department of Ningbo, China. Descriptive statistics and Rough Set theory were used to examine rules within different types of NM accidents from temporal, spatial, and behavioral aspects. Some main findings include: behavior patterns of different parties involved vary across different accident types, levels of roads, and intersections; motorized vehicle’s illegal turning as well as NM’s reverse riding are the two key behaviors that deserve concern across all levels of roads and intersection; in addition, for higher level urban roads more attention should be focused on lane violations of motorized vehicles, and for branch roads and intersections prevention efforts could be directed to motorized vehicles’ illegal turning around and NM’s red-light running respectively. Results from this paper could facilitate related staff formulating more targeted policies to make roadways safer.

Paved guideway topology optimization for pedestrian traffic under Nash equilibrium

Without proper flow channelization, congestion and overcrowding in pedestrian traffic may lead to significant inefficiency and safety hazards. Thus, the design of guideway networks that provide a fine balance between traffic congestion and infrastructure construction investment is vital. This paper presents a mathematical formulation and topology optimization framework for paved pedestrian guideway design under physics-based traffic equilibrium in a continuous space. Pedestrians are homogeneous, and their destination and path choices under the Nash equilibrium condition are described by a set of nonlinear partial differential equations. The design framework optimizes the deployment of pavement, which alters the road capacity and directly affects pedestrians’ free flow travel speed. A maximum crowd density constraint is included in the design model to address public safety concerns (e.g., over stampede risks). A series of numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model as well as solution techniques. The proposed framework, which builds on the traffic equilibrium theory, produces optimized guideway designs with controllable maximum pedestrian density, accounts for budget constraints (through an adjustable multiplier that balances pavement construction and travel costs), and allows for control of the spatial configuration of road branches. Comparison with lamellar structures and more conventional guideway designs demonstrates better performance of the outcomes from the proposed modeling and optimization framework.

A Bi-Level Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Micro-Circulation Road Networks in the Open Block Area Considering Traffic Pollution and Intersection Delays

It is important for urban traffic micro-circulation to improve the density of urban branch road networks by opening roads inside blocks. To reasonably optimize the micro-circulation road network in the open block area, a bi-level multi-objective programming model that considers traffic pollution and intersection delays was developed. In this paper, the goals of minimizing traffic pollution and total travel cost are added to the upper-level programming model and the user equilibrium assignment model with the consideration of intersection delay was presented as the lower-level programming model. A modified genetic algorithm (GA) embedded with the Frank-Wolfe algorithm was designed to solve the established model. The traffic conditions of arterial roads and micro-circulation branch roads before and after optimizing the micro-circulation block road network were compared and analyzed by a numerical example. The results demonstrated that the bi-level programming model can effectively determine the traffic direction of branch roads and the forbidden situation of intersections in the micro-circulation network. Compared with the closed block, the average saturation of the main trunk road decreased from 0.97 to 0.83 with a decline ratio of 14.43% after optimizing the micro-circulation network in the open block area; the average saturation of the secondary trunk road decreased from 0.86 to 0.77, with a decline ratio of 10.47%. The travel time cost decreased by approximately 6.55%, and the traffic pollution decreased by approximately 3.40%, which verified the optimization effect of the model and the algorithm.

Design of Traffic Light Based on Field Programmable Gate Array

The use of fixed-time traffic lights for road traffic control has the disadvantage of low traffic efficiency. In order to optimize the vehicle traffic at the intersection, this paper proposes a design scheme of a real-time control system for road intelligent traffic lights based on FPGA. The system adopts the polling control model, the vehicle detector detects the arrival rate of vehicles, and obtains the corresponding traffic light green time length according to the traffic rules and polling model theory. Using Altera’s Cyclone IV series EP4CE15E22C8 chip as the development platform, a specific design plan is given. The circuit mainly includes program-controlled amplifier module, AD acquisition module, cross-correlation calculation module, serial port transmission and Lab-VIEW module. The system can realize the intelligent adjustment of traffic lights. Different vehicle arrival rates are detected at different times, so that the corresponding traffic light configuration time length changes accordingly. This intelligent adjustment controls road traffic and makes the main and branch roads coordinate and cooperate, thereby improving the traffic efficiency of the intersection.

Evaluating Street Greenery by Multiple Indicators Using Street-Level Imagery and Satellite Images: A Case Study in Nanjing, China

Street greenery plays an essential role in improving the street environment and residents’ health. The evaluation of street greenery is of great value to establish environmentally friendly streets. The evaluation indicators of present studies evaluating street greenery were relatively single, either the Green View Index (GVI) or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which cannot describe the greenery condition in its entirety. The objective of this study is to assess the street greenery using multiple indicators, including GVI, NDVI, and Vegetation Structural Diversity (VSD). We combined street view images with a semantic segmentation method to extract the GVI and VSD and used satellite images to calculate the NDVI in the urban area of Nanjing, China. We found correlations and discrepancies of these indicators using statistical analyses in different urban districts, functional areas, and road levels. The results indicate that: (1) the GVI and NDVI are strongly correlated in open spaces, whereas weakly correlated in residential and industrial lands, (2) the areas with higher VSD are mainly located in the new city, whereas the VSD in the old city is lower, and a weak negative correlation exists between the GVI and VSD in the research area, and (3) the old city has a higher GVI level compared to the new city on the main road, whereas the new city has a higher GVI level than the old city on the branch road. Compared with the GVI, the trend of VSD in the old city and the new city is relatively consistent. Our findings suggest that considering multiple indicators of street greenery evaluation can provide a comprehensive reference for building more human-friendly and diversified street green belts.

Quantifying and analyzing traffic emission reductions from ridesharing: A case study of Shanghai

Ridesharing has potential to mitigate traffic emissions. To better support policymaking, this paper endeavors to estimate and analyze emission reductions by large-scale ridesharing combining the Shareability-Network approach, the COPERT III emission model, and a speed-density traffic-flow model. Using Shanghai as a case, we show that ridesharing per se can reduce fuel-consumption (FC) by 22.88% and 15.09% in optimal and realistic scenarios, respectively, with corresponding emissions reductions. Ridesharing’s spontaneous first-order speed effect further reduces FC by 0.34–0.96%. Additionally, spatial analyses show that ridesharing reduces more emissions on severely polluted roads, leading to two spatial patterns; temporal analyses demonstrate patterns shifted from disorganized to organized. Both the phenomena can be explained by the aggregation of trips and the grading and topology of the roads. Moreover, ridesharing may also increase emissions on some branch roads, creating a new environmental injustice, which, however, is estimated to be less significant than expected.

An integrated arterial coordinated control model considering green wave on branch roads and pedestrian crossing time at intersections

Urban fine management needs scientific traffic management methods and efficient signal control programs. Green wave control is usually used to facilitate the unban traffic. However, maximum bandwidth optimization on arterial traffic signal timing is usually yielded from the sacrifice of the branch road. The green wave on branch roads and pedestrian crossing time at intersections are often neglected. In this paper, an extended integrated green wave control method is presented to solve the coordinated control issue, which considers green time constraints to ensure necessary time for vehicles on branch roads and pedestrian crossing time at intersections. Non-coordinated phase saturation is first introduced to describe the green time on branch roads. Next, the arterial roads are partitioned to enlarge the green wave bandwidth and an extended green wave optimization model with green time constraints is proposed. Combined with the green wave searching method, an improved genetic algorithm is applied. Finally, a real-world case study in Shenzhen, China, is employed to assess the model. Results show the proposed model can (1) reach the same public green time as in the traditional method and (2) increase the average sub-green wave bandwidth to improve the signal control.

Factors influencing the access duration of free-floating bike sharing as a feeder mode to the metro in Shenzhen

In recent years, free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) has become an effective travel mode to connect the urban rail transit in the first/last mile. However, access duration, a significant factor for integrating bike and metro systems and improving the connecting efficiency, has received little attention from scholars. To fill this gap, the goal of this study is to identify the factors that affect the access duration of FFBS as a feeder mode to and from metro stations. Using operation data of FFBS in Shenzhen, China, we first explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of access duration in core area and suburb. Then, the influences of built environment, public transport services, travel attributes, temporal characteristics, and meteorological conditions on access duration for these two areas are examined using multinomial logistic models. The results indicate that: (1) access duration during the morning peaks on weekdays is shorter than that in the evening peaks and on weekends. The proportion of short access duration trips (1∼7min) among all access trips in the core area is higher than that in suburb. (2) For weekdays, more major roads increase access duration, while more branch roads would decrease it, especially in the core area. An increase in the number of subway entrances and exits significantly reduces access duration in the suburb. And the number of road intersections and congestion level in the cycling environment increase access duration, especially in the core area. (3) For weekends, the built environment has a weak impact on access duration, and higher levels of congestion in the cycling environment increase access duration, but the effect is smaller than that on weekdays. (4) Unexpectedly, the length of bicycle lanes has no significant effect on shortening access duration. Finally, elasticity analysis is carried out to identify effective policies for improving access efficiency, such as constructing branch roads in core area, improving the quality and the cycling environment of the bicycle lanes, reasonably increasing the number of subway entrances in suburb.

The Spatial Heterogeneity of Factors of Drug Dealing: A Case Study from ZG, China

Drug addiction and drug-related crime caused by drug dealing are serious problems for many countries. Such problems have gained urgency in China during recent years. However, there has been no research on the relationship between drug dealing and associated factors and its variation over space at a fine scale, such as the police station management area (PSMA), in China. Based on a seven-year data set obtained in ZG city, China, a geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) model was employed to explore the spatial heterogeneity in the relationship between drug dealing and related risk factors, including social-demographic factors and environmental characteristics. The model results indicated that there were more drug dealings in the socially disorganized areas, typically associated with urban villages and floating population. Spatial accessibility had significant impacts on drug dealing. While the main road showed a negative effect, areas with more branch roads and bus stops tended to attract more drug dealings. Additionally, we found that these relationships were spatially nonstationary across space. This research represents the first in discerning spatial variation of drug dealing within a major Chinese city. These findings not only help policy makers better understand drug dealings from a geographical perspective, but can also help them to develop more targeted local intervention strategies.

Envenenamentos ofídicos em uma região da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira

Introdução: Os acidentes ofídicos são um problema de saúde pública e são considerados emergências clínicas, motivo este que torna os estudos em regiões de grande incidência muito importantes.&#x0D; Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes vítimas de acidentes ofídicos em uma região da Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil.&#x0D; Método: Trata-se de um transversal, retrospectivo e documental de abordagem quantitativa, no período de 2015 a 2016, realizado no Hospital Regional do Juruá, localizado na cidade de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brasil. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos a partir das fichas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no Setor de Vigilância Epidemiológica do hospital. Foram verificadas as seguintes variáveis: mês de ocorrência, identificação da serpente (tipo de acidente), local do acidente (zona urbana e rural), localidade, município, dados da vítima (faixa etária, sexo, região anatômica atingida), sintomas e sinais apresentados, circunstâncias do acidente, tempo decorrido entre o acidente e o atendimento, a quantidade de ampolas utilizadas e o tipo de soro no tratamento das vítimas.&#x0D; Resultados: Foram atendidos em média 124 casos de acidentes ofídicos por ano (76,71 casos por 100.000 habitantes/ano), sendo a maioria acidentes botrópicos e os pacientes constituídos por indivíduos adultos do sexo masculino e trabalhadores rurais, picados nos membros inferiores. Mais de 30% dos casos foram atendidos seis horas após o envenenamento e o atendimento após 24 horas é um fator de risco para complicações, uma vez que sete dos oito pacientes que apresentaram complicações foram atendidos depois de um dia do acidente.&#x0D; Conclusão: Apresentou um crescente constante nos casos, o que gerou um ponto de reflexão preocupante, que pode estar associado a dois fatores, onde um volta-se para a melhora no deslocamento das vítimas (melhorias nas estradas dos ramais e implantação de lancha do SAMU) facilitando mais o transporte e na cobertura de telefonia melhorando a comunicação, ou a falha das políticas de saúde pública na oferta de melhores condições e orientações para a população.

Simulation study on the effect of automated driving in a road network environment

Automated driving, which is considered to be able to reduce driving workload, enhance driving safety and improve traffic efficiency, has become a research hotspot in recent years. It is believed that traffic flow will consist of manual vehicles and automated vehicles at different automation levels in the near future. Researchers have carried out many studies on mixed traffic; most of them focus on the highway scenario. However, the majority of traffic occurs in urban/suburban road networks, which contains many different scenarios, such as expressways, merging/diverging areas, signalised intersections, trunk roads, branch roads, etc. To evaluate the effect of automated driving in a more realistic way, the authors first take adaptive cruise control (ACC) and cooperative ACC as representatives of automated driving. Then, the authors make simulations at the road network level and investigate macroscopic fundamental diagram in different scenarios. Results show that compared to a highway, the improvement of traffic flow is significantly limited in the road network.

Design and Implementation of the Maze Patrolling with Three Branch Roads by the Smart Car Based on 51 Single Chip Microcomputer

With the rapid development of technology, the application of artificial intelligence technology in life is becoming more and more extensive, and intelligent robots play an important role in life. A smart car that can carry out the maze patrolling of three branch roads is designed. This smart car is mainly controlled by the STC89C52 chip and driven by the L298N chip. In this work, the ground information is firstly collected and transformed by the 4-channel TCRT5000 infrared reflection sensor module. Then, TCRT5000 infrared reflection sensor module converts the collected ground information into digital signals and transmits them to the main control chip. Finally, the recognition of the road and the control command such as go forward, turn left and turn right can be implemented through the main control chip. The power system of the smart car is composed of the L298N motor drive module and two DC motors. The main control chip controls the rotation speed and steering of the two DC motors separately, and uses the principle of differential steering to achieve left and right steering. The design uses sensor technology and uses C language for programming, so that the car automatically recognizes the three-way road. This design can be used in driverless vehicles and artificial intelligence related fields.

Sources and exposure risk of trace elements for traffic policemen in roadside locations

Samples of PM2.5 and PM10 at four types of roadside location (major road, secondary road, branch road, and expressway) in Tianjin were collected and analyzed in 2015. The average annual roadside PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were higher than the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS: GB3095-2012). The chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in both PM2.5 and PM10 over four seasons displayed significant differences (p < 0.05). An enrichment factor (EF) analysis revealed that Cd, copper (Cu), Zn, As, Ni, and Pb in PM2.5 and PM10 mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. A factor analysis (FA) and correlation analysis (CA) revealed that vehicle emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust), soil dust, coal combustion, and industrial emissions were the main sources of roadside PM2.5 and PM10 in Tianjin. Both the total hazard quotients (total HQ) and the total carcinogenic risk (total CR) for selected elements in PM2.5 and PM10 were within acceptable limits. The HQ of Pb was higher than for other metals, and it should therefore be given special attention. The CR for traffic policemen was highest for Cr exposure (1.01 × 10−5 for PM2.5 and 1.52 × 10−5 for PM10), followed by As and Ni. A sensitivity analysis showed that the total contributions of the metal concentrations, exposure time (ET), and exposure frequency (EF) accounted for over 50% of the risk for Cr, As, and Ni, suggesting that these metals had the greatest impact on the uncertainty of health risk assessments.

The mansio in Pisidia‘s Döşeme Boğazı: a unique building in Roman Asia Minor

The Döşeme Boğazı (‘Pass with the Pavement’) is one of the ancient routes through the Taurus Mountains that connected the Anatolian interior with the southern coastal regions (fig. 1). From an early date it was an important component of the Roman road-system in Asia Minor (fig. 2). The pass lay near the S end of the Republican route from the Dardanelles to Side which was created by Manius Aquillius, first proconsul of Asia between 129 and 126 B.C. The S part of this road was incorporated into the via Sebaste, built in 6/5 B.C., which linked several of the Roman colonies founded by Augustus in south-central Anatolia to the Mediterranean coast. By good fortune, the ancient settlements and the Roman and post-Roman road in this defile have survived largely untouched by modern development. The course of the road between the Roman colony of Comama (Pisidia) and Perge (Pamphylia), as well as branch roads leading to other settlements, can be traced precisely. Well-preserved remains of two settlements, both occupied between the 2nd and 6th c., are identifiable at the upper and lower ends of the defile: in them are houses having from 2 to 10 rooms, the larger ones arranged around courtyards and some having cisterns and towers (Turmgehöfte), a bath-house and public cisterns, roadside shops, sarcophagi and small heroa in prominent positions by the road, and numerous churches. The lower site includes a large walled structure probably of the 6th c., that was almost certainly designed as an animal enclosure to control transhumant flocks. Most remarkable of all the surviving structures in the pass, however, are the remains of a mansio or way-station, which survives up to roof level and is the best-preserved building of this type in the entire empire.

Proposal of a prediction score for hematoma expansion after intracerebral hemorrhage.

To propose and validate a prediction score for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients at risk of hematoma expansion (HE). A retrospective observational study was designed to propose and validate the score. Sanxiang Road branch and Xuguan branch belonging to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (China). A total of 317 ICH patients in Sanxiang Road branch were registered as the development cohort, and 109 ICH patients in Xuguan branch were enrolled as the validation cohort. Independent risk factors for HE were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. A prediction score was then proposed based on β coefficients and preliminarily verified in the validation cohort. All clinical data of the patients were compiled from the electronic medical records. Hematoma expansion was defined as an increase in hematoma volume >33% or absolute hematoma growth >6ml from the initial scan. Specific non-contrast CT(NCCT) signs were identified by two observers independently. Our score demonstrated satisfactory discrimination ability for HE (area under the ROC curve 0.854 in the development cohort versus 0.893 in the validation cohort). Appropriate calibration was found in the development cohort, whereas calibration in the validation cohort was slightly lower but still within the accuracy range (maximum deviation, average deviation and P were 0.070, 0.028, 0.773, respectively, versus 0.114, 0.056, 0.156). Decision curve analysis of the score from two samples were both far from the curve of treat all and curve of treat none, which verified its security and reliability. Patients with a total score ≥4.5 were at greatest risk of HE. The score may provide some reference and help in accurately identifying individuals at high risk of HE, allowing rapid guidance of clinical management and also serving as an aid in clinical trials.

Phytoremediation of some heavy metals using Prosopis juli flora and Conocarpus lancifolius– Soil analysis

Environmental pollution is causing damage to the flora and fauna, resulting in a number of negative impacts on the environment. The present study aims towards evaluation of soil heavy metals (chromium, lead, and nickel) from different locations of Jeddah using leaves of two plant species. Two naturally grown plant species, Prosopis juli flora and Conocarpus lancifolius were collected from four different sites. The soil samples were collected near the factories, main roads, and branch roads in Jeddah. The soil samples were dried and sieved through a 2mm plastic sieve to remove large gravel-sized materials. Soil texture, pH, and EC evaluation were conducted. The amount of Cr, Pb, and Ni was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Model Inductivity coupled plasma emission spectrometer ICP (PARKIN ELEMER). SPSS, ANOVA, and Post-Hoc Test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the amount of heavy metal in the soil of Prosopis juli flora were between 0.74-54.0μg/g D.wt. for Cr, 0.31-4.64 μg/g D.wt. for Pb and 1.22-24.5 μg/g D.wt. for Ni. The range of Cr, Pb and Ni in the leaves were between 0.04-13.3.0μg/g D.wt. for Cr, 0.06-20.0 μg/g D.wt. for Pb and 0.16-9.0μg/g D.wt. for Ni. For the soil of Prosopis juli flora, the EC ranged between 0.27- 1.05 mS/cm; whereas, pH ranged from 7.29-7.55 and 78.5-96.5% for sand, 1.0-16.5% for silt, and 1.0-6.0 for clay. There was a significant correlation between the soil textures, clay, and silt at selected sites. Phytoremediation is an effective strategy to overcome the effects of heavy metals including Cr, Pb, and Ni that are being absorbed in plants.