Road Accidents In India Research Articles

Development of novel framework for patient health monitoring system using VANET: an Indian perspective

In a country like India, it is very challenging to provide medical facilities to such a large population. The lack of professionals and super-specialty hospitals has made this problem more acute. Due to excessive vehicles on the roads, the death rate in road accidents has increased a lot. Road accidents share a huge portion of casualties that happen every year across the world. VANET is a growing technology in the field of wireless communication that has enhanced the traffic system and helped in reducing road accidents. Wireless body sensor network provides a continuous health monitoring of a patient without hammering daily life activities and can transmit physical health information over wireless networks in real-time. Integration of WBSN and VANET can be used to develop a framework for remote health monitoring, smart accident detection, real-time alerts to the ambulance, and optimizing the traffic for the ambulance. In this paper, we have presented India’s road traffic safety and accident scenario. We have identified the major causes of road accidents in India. We have given an overview of VANET and WBSN related technologies, their requirements, and applications. Moreover, we proposed a framework of WBSN and VANET based healthcare monitoring systems to provide emergency treatment during traveling in Indian perspectives. We have critically analyzed the implementation issues of the proposed health monitoring system in India.

Statement of Retraction: cost of two-wheeler road accidents in India

Statement of Retraction: cost of two-wheeler road accidents in India

Road Safety in India: Issues and Government Initiatives

Road Transport is the dominant mode both in terms of share of passenger and freight carried and in terms of contribution to the national economy. Present study focuses on road traffic scenario i.e. road accidents in India and counter measures from the Government against road accidents. Total no. of registered motor vehicles in India, All the States and Union territories has increased over the years 2007 to 2016 which is an alarming sign for road accidents in India. Present study also shows that fatality rate in India, all States and UTs for road accidents have been increasing over the years. Moreover, we have seen that more road accidents take place on National Highways and on State Highways. Government of India through Ministry of Road Transport & Highways and State Governments have already implemented road safety initiatives like National Road Safety Policy, Safe Drive Save life for reducing road accidents.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Cost of two-wheeler road accidents in India

We, the Editors and Publishers of International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, have retracted the following article:Sivakumar Balakrishnan & Krishnamurthy Karuppanagounder (2019). Cost of two-wheeler road accidents in India. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 26(2). DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2019.1576208.The above article has been retracted due to significant overlap in content with a Master’s Thesis entitled, “Estimation of Willingness to Pay Value for Crash Reduction,” by Geethu Ashok, 2015. The Thesis has subsequently been published as a book titled “Road Safety-Willingness to Pay for Crash Reduction” by Scholars’ Press in 2017 with ISBN: 978-3-330-65119-7. The authors have been informed of this decision and agree with the retraction.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

Road Traffic Accidents in India: Need for Urgent attention and Solutions to Ensure Road Safety

The present study aims to analyse the road accidents in India at National, state and inter-city levels. According to the recent available statistics, there is age and gender-wise variations in the proportion of road traffic accidents and deaths where males have a very high percentage share of fatalities (85%) when compared to females (15%). Tamil Nadu had the highest percentage share of accidents (14.9) and Uttar Pradesh had the highest percentage share of fatalities (12.8). Some of the possible solution to combat this raising trend of road traffic accidents are- awareness initiatives, maintenance of good data base, planning and designing for road safety, remedial action at high crash sites, design for pedestrians and cyclists and implementation of strict speed limits. Thus there is an urgent need to provide emphasis on road safety and curtail the worsening situation of road traffic accidents, injuries and deaths in India which is the need of the hour.

Data Mining Approach to Analyze the Road Accidents in India

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

Analyzing dilemma driver behavior at signalized intersection under mixed traffic conditions

Intersections are important node points in the road network, ensuring safe and efficient way of maneuvering the traffic. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH) reported in year 2016 that the highest number of road accidents in India happened at intersections accounting for nearly thirty seven percent (37%) of the total crashes that took place. Even though traffic signals are considered to be the most effective way of controlling the traffic, more than 4300 lost their lives at signalized intersections in India. One of the main contributing factor in traffic signal related crashes is the presence of dilemma zone, where a driver becomes indecisive whether to pass or stop at the intersection on the yellow onset. Significant amount of research has been done on the dilemma driver behavior under homogeneous traffic conditions, however little or no research has been found on mixed traffic conditions, where vehicles do vary in physical and dynamic characteristics. The main motive of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the driver behavior in dilemma zone at signalized approaches in India under mixed traffic conditions. Field data was collected at five signalized approaches using video capturing technique to investigate the driver behavior. Frame by frame manual extraction resulted in 1054 driver responses at the yellow onset and binary logistic regression model is developed to represent the observed behavior. Distance from stop line, vehicle’s approach speed and type of intersection were found to be important factors in drivers stop/go decisions. Vehicle type, which is a characteristic of mixed traffic conditions is found to have a significant impact on the driver’s decision at the onset of yellow. The insights from this study findings can be used to enhance the safety and performance of signalized intersections in developing countries.

SMART APPLICATION FOR POST ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT USING IOT

The situation about road accidents in India is a major problem. The State and Central government have been implementing measures to prevent the accidents on road by making helmets compulsory for two wheelers, speed limits, banning drivers from using mobile phones, etc. But if the accident occurs there is no provision for the victims to get the medical assistance immediately. So, accidents are the considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to countries as a whole. To help the victims of road side accidents an android application will be developed. The witness of an accident can help the victim by just sending the image of that accident spot to nearby hospital for ambulance and nearby police station for further inquiry. A provision can also be made in future to get the identity of the victim to inform his/her relatives, this can either be done by matching the captured image of the victim with Aadhar card linked database or by bio-metrics. This will be an effort to save the person's life as it should be the top priority for any other citizen who happens to be connected with that matter or who happens to notice such an incident or a situation and also the medical professional and even the police.

Road Traffic Accidents in India: Issues and Challenges

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to analyze the road accidents in India at national, state, and metropolitan city level. Analysis shows that the distribution of road accidental deaths and injuries in India varies according to age, gender, month and time. Age group 30-59 years is the most vulnerable population group, though males face higher level of fatalities and injuries than their female counterparts. Moreover, road accidents are relatively higher in extreme weather and during working hours. Analysis of road accident scenario at state and city level shows that there is a huge variation in fatality risk across states and cities. Fatality risk in 16 out of 35 states and union territories is higher than the all India average. Although, burden of road accidents in India is marginally lower in its metropolitan cities, almost 50% of the cities face higher fatality risk than their moffusil counterparts. In general, while in many developed and developing countries including China, road safety situation is generally improving, India faces a worsening situation. Without increased efforts and new initiatives, the total number of road traffic deaths in India is likely to cross the mark of 250,000 by the year 2025. There is thus an urgent need to recognize the worsening situation in road deaths and injuries and to take appropriate action.

Analysis of dilemma zone for pedestrians at high-speed uncontrolled midblock crossing

Pedestrians are vulnerable to accidents and are at risk whenever they share road space with vehicular traffic. The risk to pedestrians is especially high in countries like India where a large number of pedestrians are seen on roads with vehicular traffic not yielding to their needs. Therefore, it is not surprising that many of the victims of road accidents in India, particularly in urban areas, are pedestrians. One of the primary reasons for accidents at pedestrian crossing (when drivers do not yield to pedestrians) lies in the inability of pedestrians to judge the safe gap while crossing a road. Often pedestrians are in a state of confusion/dilemma while making a decision on whether to accept or reject a gap. Under these circumstances, decision making for pedestrians during road crossing is a tough task. This paper aims at analyzing and quantifying the dilemma zone for crossing pedestrians at high-speed uncontrolled midblock crossings. A field study was undertaken in which crossing pedestrians and through-moving vehicles were recorded by placing video cameras at selected midblock road sections, having marked pedestrian crossing. Total of 1107 pedestrian lags/gaps were extracted and studied with consideration of both temporal and spatial lags/gaps for analysis. Dilemma zone was determined by using different methods such as the gap cumulative distribution method, the binary logit method, the support vector machine and the probabilistic method. For the selected midblock sections, dilemma zone started at 49m and ended at 62m upstream from the marked pedestrian crossing. The upper and lower boundaries of dilemma zone can be further used to develop a pedestrian assistance system at midblock crossing for the safe movement of pedestrian.

Need for Innovative Methods in Transportation Accident Data Recording and Mining

Road traffic accidents are a major public health concern, resulting in an estimated 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries worldwide each year. In the developing world, Traffic Accidents are among the leading cause of death and injury; India in particular experiences the highest rate of such accidents. According to Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways [3], road accidents in India, 2012, Between 1970 and 2011, the number of accidents increased 4.4 times accompanied with 9.8 times increase in fatalities and 7.3 times increase in the number of persons injured. Thus, methods to reduce accident severity are of great interest to traffic agencies and the public at large. For this to happen reliable data set is of high importance and there is a huge crisis of accident data in India, hampering safety promotion and remedial activities. In this particular research project, need for big data which is rapidly expanding in Transportation arena for better models, estimation, prediction and prevention to minimize traffic related crashes is discussed. It is high time for extensive data mining and recording techniques are which can boost the existing traffic accident data, for better understanding of high crash locations, reasons for crashes and how these locations can be made crash free for safer livelihood.

Pattern of Road Traffic Accidents in Bhubaneswar, Odisha

IntroductionThe surge in motorization coupled with expansion of the road network has brought with it the challenge of addressing adverse factors, such as the increase in Road accidents in India. Significant variation exists within the country. Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, has seen liberalized economic policies of the government, increasing purchasing power of the people, and easy availability of the loans, which have contributed to the changing transportation system and increase vulnerability to Road Traffic Accidents (RTA). The present study aims to establish the baseline information on RTA in Bhubaneswar. Objectives(1) To estimate the incidence and distribution of RTA in the year 2012. (2) To determine the epidemiological variations of accidents in the city. (3) To suggest recommendations to the traffic police and administration. MethodologyIt is a descriptive secondary data analysis of police records of reported RTA of the year January–December 2012 collected from all the police stations within the administrative region of Bhubaneswar, urban and rural inclusive. The data thus collected were analyzed for various epidemiologic factors, which were found contributory to the accidents. ResultsTotal number of RTA reported for the year was 625, thus accounting for the incidence of vehicular accidents for Bhubaneswar city, which had a 9.07/10,000 population; majority of the accidents had occurred during 9–12am in both urban and rural areas. Grievous injury accounted to 38% of the total while fatality due to RTA was nearly 30%. The epidemiological trends that emerged were that 84% occurred in urban areas and mainly on the National Highways (46.7%); 18% of RTA occurred during rainfall, though no significant association could be made out and much is attributed to under reporting of data; motor cars (37%) and trucks (19.1%) were predominately involved. Majority of the victims were in the productive age group, 18–24, years and mainly constituted males (68%). Data were analyzed for statistical inferences using proportions and graphs. Recommendations were shared with the Traffic police department and Health departments and it was suggested that yearly trends may be discussed so that problem areas may be identified and action initiated. ConclusionThe results hint at the necessity for routine analysis of the police records in a collaborative and integrated approach across many sectors like health, traffic police, transport, and law enforcers.

An Overview of Cervical Vertebrae Fractures in Road Traffic Accident Cases-A 5 Year Study at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka

The WHO has revealed in its first ever global status report on road safety,that more people die in road accidents in India than anywhere else in the world. In this retrospective study, 39 fatal cases of cervical vertebrae fracture autopsied were analyzed. Maximum number of victims belonged to the age group 31–40 years. Male - female ratio is 2.6:1. Overall 13 victims involved in road traffic accidents were motorcycle riders. The fracture of anterior arch of atlas was seen in 4 cases and fracture of posterior arch of atlas in 8 cases. The atlanto-axial dislocation was seen in 1 case and atlanto-axial subluxation in 2 cases. The fracture of the pedicles of C2 was seen in 3 cases and fracture of dens process in 4 cases. The fracture of C3, C4, and C5 vertebrae was seen in 9 cases and fracture of spinous process of C6 and C7 was seen in 5 cases.

Training in Trauma Care

In a dubious distinction for the country, the World Health Organization has revealed in its first ever Global Status Report on Road Safety that more people die in road accidents in India than anywhere else in the world, including the more populous China. (Dipak Kumar Dash, TNN, Aug 17, 2009, 04.10 am IST. New Delhi) About 250 people die in road accidents in India everyday (‘Strategy on road safety must’ TOI on 7th March, 2009) and the total number of deaths every year due to road accidents has now passed the 135,000 mark, according to the latest report of National Crime Records Bureau or NCRB. Besides road traffic accidents we have our share of victims of terrorist activities, accidents at work places, natural and man-made disasters, etc. Out of these about 78% are men in age group of 20–44 years, causing significant impact on productivity. (Joshipura MK, Shah HS, Patel PR, Divatia PA. Trauma care systems in India—An overview. Indian J Crit Care Med 2004;8:93-7) No credible data is available to ascertain the outcome of trauma victims; it is generally perceived that outcomes in patients with single system injury (e.g. musculoskeletal trauma) have improved. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for polytrauma. There is a high mortality rate amongst those with multisystem injuries, which can be attributed to the primitive state of trauma-care systems, lack of prehospital care and inadequate critical care. It is established that the mortality in serious (ISS > 16) injuries is six times worse in a developing country such as India compared to a developed country. (Mock CN, Jurkovich GJ, nii-Amon-Kotei D, Arreola-Risa C, Maier RV. Trauma mortality patterns in three nations at different economic levels: Implications for global trauma system development. J Trauma 1998;44:804-14.) For any improvement in this area, it is essential to establish trauma system in the country and have health care professionals trained to provide efficient care to trauma victims at every step—pre-hospital, in-hospital and rehabilitation. Establishment of trauma system would fall within the purview of central and state government authorities. But professional bodies such as The Association of Surgeons of India can play pivotal role in training of health care professionals. Unfortunately such efforts have remained restricted to a few pockets in our country.

Driver Training: An Effective Tool for Improving Road Safety in India

Increasing number of road accidents coupled with increasing vehicle population means an increase in the number of aggressive road users resulting in incidence of road rage. Inexperienced drivers often experience anxiety due to their underdeveloped and declining skills, which influence their behavior. Researches done by Lorenz, Schneider and Bukasa, and Siegrist and Roscova have categorized unwanted driving behavior into errors, mistakes, lapses and violations. To highlight the effectiveness of correct training on the drivers' performance, this research work was done in Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) Traffic Psychological Laboratory (the only laboratory of its kind in India). In this study, a purposive sample of two groups of drivers, i.e. highly skilled and trained group of drivers versus city bus drivers, was selected and they were administered the following psychomotor ability tests: i) decision and reaction capacity, ii) concentration capacity, iii) tolerance capacity under stress situation, and iv) special perceptual capacity (visual structuring ability). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of different test performances of the selected groups showed that specially trained group exhibited significantly superior performance in different tests as compared to the other group. Inappropriate driving behavior is considered one of the major causes of road accidents in India besides defective geometric design of pavement or mechanical defects in vehicles. Due to various unsafe practices among Indian drivers such as lack of lane discipline, disregard to traffic laws, frequent traffic violations, increase in crashes due to self-centered driving, etc. It also demotivates educated drivers from following good driving practices. Hence, improved driver behavior can be an effective countermeasure to reduce the vulnerability of road users and inhibit crash risks. This article highlights improved driver behavior through better driver education, driver training and licensing procedures along with good on-road enforcement (Ashish Verma et al. , 2011). On the basis of these findings, the present study was carried out to emphasize the urgent demand of an effective and uniform testing and training system in India.