Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Research Articles

A Survey on Hybrid Cryptography for Secure File Storage on the Cloud

Abstract: This paper suggests the use of hybrid cryptography for safe cloud file storage and gives a software to implement it. To establish higher security measures, the application mixes symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. The data is encrypted using symmetric encryption, and the symmetric key is encrypted using asymmetric encryption, guaranteeing that the data is encrypted using a unique key for each user while also protecting the key itself. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is used for symmetric encryption, whereas the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) method is used for asymmetric encryption. It has functions like user authentication, file upload/download, and key management. This study illustrates the efficacy of hybrid cryptography for protecting cloud-stored information and gives a framework for implementing it.

Designing a Robust Security Framework for Safeguarding Cloud Computing Environments in the Age of Cyber Threats

As online threats grow, it is very important to keep cloud computer settings safe. This paper suggests a complete security system that will keep cloud platforms and data safe from different threats. To make a multi-layered defense system, the framework combines a number of important parts, such as encryption methods, access control systems, and intruder detection systems. Strong encryption methods, like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman), are at the heart of the system. They protect the privacy and security of data. Strong key management techniques go along with these methods to keep encryption keys safe and stop people from getting in without permission. Based on the principle of least privilege, access control methods are very important for making sure that only the right people can use resources. Tough access rules are put in place with role-based access control (RBAC) and attribute-based access control (ABAC). In addition, the framework has an intrusion detection system (IDS) that constantly checks cloud settings for any strange activity. Machine learning techniques are used by the IDS to find and stop possible threats in real time. This security strategy covers all aspects of protecting cloud computing settings and adapts to the changing nature of cyber dangers. By using this framework, businesses can make their cloud systems safer and keep private data safe from threats and people who aren't supposed to see it.

An IoT-Enabled Intelligent and Secure Manufacturing Model Using Blockchain in Hybrid Cloud Communication System

The smart manufacturing system can become a linked network with the help of the Internet of Things (IoT). Devices connected to the IoT are susceptible to various attacks and assaults. An effective protection plan is needed to ensure that the billions of IoT nodes are protected from these hazards. The security mechanisms on IoT devices are ineffective due to resource limitations. As a result, the academic community has recently paid attention to the cloud-, fog-, and edge-based IoT systems. A robust cloud provider is in the cloud or fog to perform computationally demanding activities, including safety, data analysis, decision-making process, and monitoring. Hash identities and upgraded Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) have been used to secure the IoT device’s data. A four-prime integer of 512 bits makes up the proposed security algorithm. A hash signature is used to provide device authentication. An effective clustering method for sensing devices based on the node level, separation from the clusters, remaining energy, and fitness has been presented for long network life. The suggested swarm-based method determines the sensor nodes’ fitness. A deep neural network- (DNN-) based resource scheduling algorithm (DNN-RSM) is meant to reduce the delay and communications overhead for IoT components in the hybrid cloud system. For optimum resource allocation, all queries originating from the cluster head are categorised using DNN based on their storage, processing, and bandwidth needs. The suggested structure delivers better outcomes, particularly regarding energy use, delay, and safety level. The results of the simulation provide credence to the concept that the proposed strategy is superior to the current system. The suggested scheme includes stringent security, decreased energy usage, decreased latency, and efficient resource utilization.

A Strong Combination of Cryptographic Techniques to Secure Cloud-Hosted Data

In Hybrid Cloud Security, we combine symmetric encryption with key management to ensure anonymity. Our method provides a flexible and scalable deployment solution for cloud-based data security. To store, analyse, and deal with data, cloud computing relies on a core concept: sharing resources. Since cloud services are utilized by many individuals and are dispersed across the Internet, they provide a number of security vulnerabilities. Due to their worldwide accessibility, hybrid clouds open up a wide range of opportunities. The security solution works with a wide variety of PaaS, SaaS, and even IaaS cloud services (Infrastructure as a Service). It also works with most Cloud services out there. Hybrid public key cryptosystems can improve cloud security. Businesses are wary about cloud computing due to security concerns. The primary goal of this research is to strengthen the security of cloud computing by fusing the cryptographic models of Rabin and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA). Evaluating the efficacy of a hybrid approach to producing secret keys for data encryption and decryption. The purely RSA-based system has higher latency and is less computationally intensive than the hybrid system.

Securing Digital Information Using Cryptography Techniques to Enhance IT Security

In information technology (IT) security, defence in depth is considered the best practice. Protecting data at rest or in transit is a part of the defence in depth approach. Confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation are four IT security paradigms that need to be achieved to protect data and enhance IT security. Every scientific organisation requires i) to maintain the confidentiality of information like novel research ideas, results, patents, indigenous developed techniques and designs, human resource personal data and remarks, etc. ii) to manage the integrity of Internet-based web resources, users' credentials, etc. and iii) to manage non-repudiation and integrity guarantee enabled implementation of various software systems. The Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) technique is used to achieve confidentiality of secret data during its storage and transmission over insecure channels. The elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) technique is used for key exchange with extremely constrained devices like wireless and wireless sensor networks. Data hashing is used for maintaining data integrity; digital certificates are employed to achieve non-repudiation. In order to enhance IT security, the application of these cryptographic algorithms has been studied in data security like workflow-based applications, video conferencing, Domain Name System (DNS), web security, and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems and presented in the paper. A novel scheme to ensure website integrity and to detect website attacks using time-stamped hash functions with timestamping is also demonstrated in the paper. The study revealed that symmetric key and asymmetric key algorithms provide confidentiality and authentication. Data integrity and authentication are achieved using digital signatures and message authentication codes. Non-repudiation is established with asymmetric key algorithms and digital signatures.

Reversible image-hiding algorithm based on singular value sampling and compressive sensing

A reversible image-hiding algorithm based on a novel chaotic system is proposed using compressive sensing (CS) and singular value sampling (SVS) techniques. In the first stage, a novel mathematical model is constructed to extract the plain messages from the secret plain image, and the public-key Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithm is adopted to encrypt these messages, obtaining the corresponding cipher messages. Then, another mathematical model of key transformation is constructed to transform above messages into the initial keys, which is used to produce a random key stream. In the second stage, the secret plain image is scrambled by a pre-encryption operation, and the corresponding singular values are obtained by singular value decomposition (SVD). Then, these values are partitioned, and zero blocks are identified and removed. Thereafter, the singular values of the blocks with non-zero elements are sampled by CS, with filled by zero elements again. In the third stage, high energy coefficients are removed and replaced by zero elements to obtain new sampling values. Then, the carrier image is processed by discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Next, new sampling values are embedded into the wavelet coefficients, and the inverse DWT is performed. Thus, a new carrier image containing the secrets is obtained. The advantages are: (1) A new chaotic system ImpTDCS is proposed to have a better behavior. (2) A novel model EMM is built to extract plain messages from secret image. (3) Multi-images can be embedded, which can hide more secret information each time. (4) SVD is operated followed by SVS on non-zero blocks, reducing transmission bandwidth. (5) High energy coefficients of SVS are removed before embedding operation, guaranteeing effectively the visual quality of carrier image containing secrets.

Simulation of Elliptical Curve Cryptography in IPSec on Ad-Hoc Networks

Ad-hoc networks have gained significant attention in the realm of communication due to the proliferation of mobile and IoT devices and wireless networks. Ad hoc Networks offer a decentralized approach, where each node can function as a router and a terminal. Ensuring data safety and integrity in Ad hoc Networks remains a challenge, necessitating the use of robust security mechanisms. This research focuses on the simulation of Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) in the IPsec protocol on ad-hoc networks. ECC, known for its strong security and smaller key sizes, provides an effective means of protecting data packets from potential attacks. The Ad hoc On Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is employed for secure data transmission in a Ad hoc Networks. The main objective is to maintain packet security in the face of hostile environments and active adversaries. Furthermore, the results obtained from the NS-2 simulator are compared with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA). Evaluation metrics such as Quality of Service (QoS), average processing time, and average end-to-end delay are utilized. This study addresses the challenges faced by ad-hoc networks in an increasingly digital world. By exploring the implementation of ECC-based cryptography, it contributes to the development of secure communication protocols in ad-hoc networks. The findings offer insights into the efficacy of ECC in protecting data transmission and its comparative performance with other cryptographic techniques. Ultimately, this research aims to advance secure communication protocols, ensuring reliable data exchange in diverse applications and scenarios.

A hybrid encryption system for communication and financial transactions using RSA and a novel symmetric key algorithm

Today's digital data transmission over unsecured wired and wireless communication channels is making encryption algorithms an increasingly important tool for securing data and information. Hybrid encryption techniques combine encryption schemes of either two symmetric keys or both symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, and that provides more security than public or private key single encryption models. Currently, there are many techniques on the market that use a combination of cryptographic algorithms and claim to provide higher data security. Many hybrid algorithms have failed to satisfy customers in securing data and cannot prevent all types of security threats. To improve the security of digital data, it is essential to develop novel and resilient security systems as it is inevitable in the digital era. The recommended algorithm scheme is a combination of the well-known Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) algorithm and a simple symmetric key (SSK) algorithm. The aim of this study is to develop a better encryption method using RSA and a newly proposed symmetric SSK algorithm. We believe that the proposed hybrid cryptographic algorithm provides more security and privacy.

Sistem Pengamanan Lukisan Digital Menggunakan Metode Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA)

Digital painting is a result of the process of making digital images/paintings using digital brushes that can produce lines. This painting has become a modern art that can be disseminated through the internet. However, with the ease of disseminating information, digital artwork on the internet is very easy to fake or steal. To solve this problem, a system was created to secure digital painting files using the Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) encryption and decryption method. RSA has the basis for encryption and decryption, namely the concepts of prime numbers and modulo arithmetic. Both keys are integers. Based on the research conducted, digital painting files are converted into text and then will go through an encryption process by RSA into text files. Furthermore, to restore the encryption results, the decryption process is carried out with the private key. The weakness of the current system is its inability to process large image files.

Cloud data security and various cryptographic algorithms

<p>Cloud computing has spread widely among different organizations due to its advantages, such as cost reduction, resource pooling, broad network access, and ease of administration. It increases the abilities of physical resources by optimizing shared use. Clients’ valuable items (data and applications) are moved outside of regulatory supervision in a shared environment where many clients are grouped together. However, this process poses security concerns, such as sensitive information theft and personally identifiable data leakage. Many researchers have contributed to reducing the problem of data security in cloud computing by developing a variety of technologies to secure cloud data, including encryption. In this study, a set of encryption algorithms (advance encryption standard (AES), data encryption standard (DES), Blowfish, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption, and international data encryption algorithm (IDEA) was compared in terms of security, data encipherment capacity, memory usage, and encipherment time to determine the optimal algorithm for securing cloud information from hackers. Results show that RSA and IDEA are less secure than AES, Blowfish, and DES). The AES algorithm encrypts a huge amount of data, takes the least encipherment time, and is faster than other algorithms, and the Blowfish algorithm requires the least amount of memory space.</p>

Design a cryptosystem using elliptic curves cryptography and Vigenère symmetry key

In this paper describes the basic idea of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) as well as Vigenère symmetry key. Elliptic curve arithmetic can be used to develop elliptic curve coding schemes, including key exchange, encryption, and digital signature. The main attraction of elliptic curve cryptography compared to Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA) is that it provides equivalent security for a smaller key size, which reduces processing costs. From the theorical basic, we proposed a cryptosystem using elliptic curves and Vigenère cryptography. We proposed and implemented our encryption algorithm in an integrated development environment named visual studio 2019 to design a safe, secure, and effective cryptosystem.

IoT enabled healthcare monitoring system using convolutional neural network

Recent development in the Internet of Things (IoT) based smart mobile healthcare monitoring provides better dimensionalities and smart services. The introduction of IoT-based wearable sensor devices circumvents the death of millions of people with regular monitoring and better treatments. This type of monitoring system also increases the data and it is necessary to store the data in any service-provided platform and the cloud is one among them all. The security of data is also a concern while transmitting the data. Further, the prediction of diseases from the collected data is also an intricate process. To address these issues, we propose a novel deep learning-based approach known as Convolutional Neural network-based disease prediction, and the security of the data stored in the cloud can be acquired by the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) cryptography algorithm. The performance of our proposed work is analyzed with some state-of-art works. The comparative study shows that the proposed work achieves better security and also the prediction accuracy of our proposed is higher.

A Comparative Analysis of the Computation Cost and Energy Consumption of Relevant Curves of ECC Presented in Literature

With the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming expo-nentially more prevalent, the need for lightweight cryptography functions increases simultaneously. Namely, IoT end devices are mostly limited by their resource-constrained capabilities and therefore cannot rely on heavyweight cryptographic algorithms such as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) or Diffie-Hellman (DH) for security. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) offers a more lightweight alternative by being based on a mathematical prob-lem named the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) which is not known to be solvable in sub-exponential time. Within the field of ECC, many different curve types exist following various standards for this protocol. In this paper, the energy consumption and time consumption for key generation, encryption, and decryption are measured within the ElGamal protocol using ECC for the various curves. To measure this, a Raspberry Pi 4B and a Personal Computer are used to conclude the disproval of the hypothesis that the Twisted Edwards curve performs most efficient to achieve its security strength. Namely, Brainpool curves function most efficient within this benchmark, after which Short Weierstrass curves follow. Moreover, it is concluded the performance pattern for both data processors and data providers is equal to each other for all message sizes.

Moulded RSA and DES (MRDES) Algorithm for Data Security

In the recent days transmission of large amount of data through online is very prominent. Security is necessary while transmitting large amount of data. Since the data may belost or hacked at some point of transmission. Normally there are three important factors interms of security. They are key generation, encryption and decryption. There are two types of crypto system namely symmetric cryptosystem and asymmetric cryptosystem. There are many publicly available cryptosystems. It may lead the intruders to view the original message sent by the sender using all the possible keys. In order to provide secure transmission of data, a novel encryption algorithm is proposed by analyzing all the existing algorithms. The existing Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) and Data encryption standard (DES) algorithm are moulded together rto produce the proposed MRDES encryption algorithm. The performance of the proposed Moulded RSA and DES is higher than the existing encryption algorithms and provides higher data security.

Performance Comparison between RSA and El-Gamal Algorithms for Speech Data Encryption and Decryption

This article presents a performance comparison of two known public key cryptography techniques namely RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) and El-Gamal algorithms to encrypt/decrypt the speech signals during transferring over open networks. Specifically, this work is divided into two stages. The first stage is enciphering-deciphering the input speech file by employing the RSA method. The second stage is enciphering-deciphering the same input speech file by employing the El-Gamal method. Then, a comparative analysis is performed to test the performance of both cryptosystems using diverse experimental and statistical analyses for the ciphering and deciphering procedures like some known speech quality measures: histogram, spectrogram, correlation, differential, speed performance and noise effect analyses. The analyses outcomes reveal that the RSA and El-Gamal approaches are efficient and adequate for providing high degree of security, confidentiality and reliability. Additionally, the outcomes indicate that the RSA speech cryptosystem outperforms its counterpart the El-Gamal speech cryptosystem in most of ciphering/deciphering speech performance metrics.

Identifying Adversary Impact Using End User Verifiable Key with Permutation Framework

In the Internet of Things (IoT), security is a crucial aspect that ensures secure communication, transactions, and authentication for different applications. In IoT security, maintaining the user interface and platform security is a critical issue that needs to be addressed due to leaky security distribution. During communication, synchronisation and security are important problems. The security problems are caused by the adversary impact and vulnerable attacks, leading to service failure. Therefore, the Permutated Security Framework (PSF) is designed to manage security in the IoT by providing secure communication, transactions, and authentication for different applications. The PSF uses time intervals to manage transaction security. These intervals are secured using end-verifiable keys generated using the conventional Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) technique in IoT-based communication-related applications. In this approach, the key validity is first provided for the interval, and in the latter, the access permitted time modifies its validity. The security of transactions is managed by dividing time into smaller intervals and providing different levels of security for each interval. By using time intervals, the framework is adaptable and adjustable to changes in the system, such as user density and service allocation rate, adapting parallel transactions per support vector classifications’ recommendations. The proposed framework aims to synchronise interval security, service allocation, and user flexibility to mitigate adversary impact, service failures, and service delays while improving the access rate and transactions. This allows for more flexibility and better management of transaction security. The proposed framework reduces adversary impact (10.98%), service failure (11.82%), and service delay (10.19%) and improves the access rate by 7.73% for different transactions.

Enriching Information Security via Hybrid of New Expand Rivest Shamir Adleman and Data Encryption Standard Cryptosystem

Cryptography system gives security services ability to protect information from people who are authorized to use it. This research introduces elevated information security system via hybrid of new expand Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) and data encryption standard (DES) cryptosystem using appropriate standard lgorithms. An Expand Algorithm (ERSA) algorithm Key cryptosystem based on nth large prime number system was introduced. Then a hybrid between the Expand Algorithm (ERSA) with Data Encryption Standard (DES) was applied using four randomly selected variables, each generated from large factor of “N” prime numbers. The information undergoes a cypher text-decryption process which provides strong security and uphold high information confidentiality and integrity of data. Results showed that the use of ERSA and DES algorithm reduced the key generation period and its complexity analysis of encryption and decryption are stronger, unlike the application of traditional RSA algorithm.

Performance investigations on data protection algorithms in generalized multi protocol label switched optical networks

In future generation networks, data protection is a crucial necessity particularly when information is sent on a system. Network protection has three objectives known as discretion, reliability and accessibility. The most common procedure exploited to attain this ambition is encryption. The Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switched (GMPLS) optical networks are designed to survive Internet Protocol’s (IPʹs) unreliable delivery. In this paper, GMPLS network is proposed with random users and then the data protection algorithms have been analyzed on proposed GMPLS optical network. The various algorithms involve Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) algorithm and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The considered algorithms are very popular but have not been implemented on GMPLS optical networks in the literature which shows the novelty of the presented work. The network performance is compared for these algorithms in terms of various parameters like blocking probability and latency. The results reveal that RSA reduces the blocking probability < 0.005 and latency < 0.007 ms. This shows that RSA gives better performance than AES algorithm and enhance the quality of service considering blocking probability, latency and overheads in GMPLS optical networks leading to enhanced data protection.

RSA Based Consensus Algorithm for Lightweight Private Blockchain Network

Consensus algorithms are essential for achieving agreement among nodes in blockchain systems. However, traditional consensus algorithms such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) can be resource-intensive and unsuitable for lightweight private blockchain applications. This paper proposes using the RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) encryption algorithm as a consensus algorithm for a lightweight private blockchain in the context of a college placement system. RSA offers several advantages over traditional consensus algorithms, including simplicity, efficiency, and security. Moreover, RSA can be implemented on resource-constrained nodes, making it a promising solution for lightweight blockchain applications. The resource constrained nodes are students, academic department, training and placement cell department, and placement cell coordinator. The company acts as a client. The movement of the student’s data to companies is recorded as transactions on the distributed ledger or blockchain, allowing the student to track its progress.

Securing cloud environments: A comparative analysis of RSA and MRGA for enhanced data protection

Cloud computing revolutionizes the way businesses are stored and managed, and ensures robust security measures. This paper explores the use of Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and the Magic Rectangle Generating Algorithm (MRGA) to enhance security in cloud environments. This highlights the growing significance of cloud computing and the need for effective security measures. It then introduces RSA and MRGA as cryptographic algorithms with their unique strengths and applications. It further delves into the benefits of using RSA and MRGA for data protection, key management, authentication, and identity management in cloud environments. The potential of these algorithms to address security challenges in the cloud and improve the overall data security is discussed. Additionally, the abstract acknowledges the limitations and considerations associated with the implementation of the RSA and MRGA. This emphasizes the importance of this research in enhancing cloud security and provides insights into the potential of RSA and MRGA as security measures in the cloud.