River Styles Research Articles

Geomorphic classification of rivers: a new methodology applied in an Atlantic Region (Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula)

The classification of rivers based on geomorphological criteria played, in the past, a secondary role for management decision making, although in the last years they have experienced a shift from the scientific field to that of the technical. Currently, managers require the most simplified form of classifications in order to use them in plans and planning projects, management and restoration. On the one hand, this means that classifications should be directed toward simplifying the diversity of fluvial environments in a number of manageable types, and on the other hand, to apply to each geomorphic type a management model. In this study, we have developed a method of “Geomorphic Classification of Rivers” according to specific stream power variables and median grain size. The new method is dynamic (ability to readjust and gain robustness with the incorporation of new data) and predictive. We obtained six types directly from the method, although we added a seventh type (bedrock rivers) for its special singularity. Each geomorphic type presents concrete values of specific stream power and median grain size, which additionally involves a hydraulic geometry adjusted to terms of balance. The change from a geomorphic type to another would reflect a geomorphologic imbalance in the form of greater power and sediment size. Our results have been compared with six commonly used classifications (e.g., Rosgen Classification System or River Styles Framework). “Geomorphic Classification of Rivers” stands as a flexible tool that allows the development of a “personalized” geomorphic classification for rivers of the same geomorphological province. Through the temporary revision of various sites that act as control points, we can learn, should the case arise, the intensity and geomorphic change of the site. “Geomorphic Classification of Rivers” acts as an alert system for any geomorphologic disturbance. Its simple application and interpretation facilitate the implementation in the administrative environment, or its attachment to other commonly used classifications.

Geomorphic and hydraulic unit richness and complexity in a coastal plain river

AbstractGeomorphic and hydraulic units in river channels are closely linked to geodiversity and habitats, and thus to biodiversity. In a ~ 200 km reach of the lower Sabine River, in the northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain, 72 different hydraulic units (HU) were identified in six geomorphic zones or river styles. Richness–area relationships indicate a linear or logarithmic increase of HUs, as opposed to the less steep power functions generally found in biogeographic species–area curves or in soil richness–area analyses. Different results are obtained when starting from the upstream or downstream end of the study area, indicating the importance of directionality in such analyses. These results show that HUs (and related habitats and biotopes) are both richer and more variable than a repeated sequence of units. The number of HUs inundated increases linearly with flow stage categories, indicating the importance of high within‐bank flows in maintaining and activating HUs. Aggregated HUs (AHUs) associated with similar geomorphic units are highly connected, both with respect to patterns of spatial adjacency and potential connectivity at similar flow levels. Spectral graph theory metrics applied to a graph representation of spatial adjacency shows a highly complex network with a high potential for rapid propagation of changes—and even more so for a graph based on flow connectivity. The flow connectivity graph shows far higher synchronization as indicated by algebraic connectivity. Thus suggests more rapid and coherent changes for processes driven by river flow, as opposed to phenomena driven by other factors between flow events. These findings have important implications for understanding relationships between geodiversity and habitat diversity, managing habitat and biodiversity, and linking the latter to instream flows. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Using geomorphic understanding of catchment-scale process relationships to support the management of river futures: Macaé Basin, Brazil

Impacts of colonial settlement upon catchment-scale fluvial geomorphic relationships are reported for a relatively small catchment in northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Structural controls have induced the type and patterns of rivers in Macaé Basin. Fault block activity has resulted in steep, incised headwater streams above the escarpment. Confined and partly confined rivers in mid-catchment reaches of the rounded foothills have limited potential for geomorphic adjustment. Fluvial, estuarine and marine sediments in low relief landscapes of the lowland plain have supported the development of meandering sand bed rivers, with many cut-and-fill (intact valley fill) deposits in tributary systems. Indigenous people exerted relatively minor, localized impacts upon the geomorphology of this river system. Portuguese settlement since the sixteenth century brought about clearance of much of the Atlantic Forest of lowland reaches, and subsequent establishment of sugar cane and coffee plantations. Lowland reaches were channelized from the 1940s-1980s for flood protection and to support the expansion of pastoral agriculture. Significant adjustments have occurred to these geomorphologically sensitive reaches. In contrast, although rivers in the rounded foothills were impacted by forest clearance, the limited availability of sediment stores along these reaches has limited the extent of geomorphic responses to human disturbance. Relatively inaccessible upland reaches were even less impacted, and are now major conservation areas. Building on principles of the River Styles framework, catchment-scale evolutionary trajectories of rivers in the Macaé Basin are assessed based on analysis of patterns of river types, their capacity for adjustment and connectivity relationships, and responses to disturbance events. From this, three future scenarios of prospective evolutionary traits are developed: a ‘steady as she goes’ scenario, an optimistic (effective, proactive management) scenario, and a ‘doomsday’ scenario.

A decision classifier to classify rivers for river management based on their structure in China: an example from the Yongding river.

River classification is a very useful tool for river management yet still a difficult task. This paper proposed a new decision classifier (DCF) to classify rivers for Chinese river management based on existing classification systems. Aimed at river function management, the DCF with the five-layers frame was developed on reach level in a spatially nested pattern that from top to bottom are natural province, basin, valley, reach, habitat and microhabitat. Five indexes (artificial degree, closeness, sinuosity, bed material texture, geomorphic units (GUs)) were selected and organized into the DCF according to the importance of the influence on river structure from macro to micro, large to small and top to bottom, because they represent main aspects of river structures and are easy to obtain. In addition, the closeness index is another good connector between valley level and reach level, and the GUs index links reach level to habitat level. The overall procedure to use DCF includes primary indoor classification and field validation. Remote sensing, geographical information system and global positioning system technologies were adopted in the process to dramatically reduce workload, especially fieldwork. Finally, the approach was applied to the Yongding river as a good example, and 17 river styles were identified.

Assessing the geomorphic recovery potential of rivers: forecasting future trajectories of adjustment for use in management

In an era of river repair, the concept of recovery enhancement has become central to river management practice. However, until about the early 2000s there were no coherent geomorphic frameworks with which to forecast river recovery potential. While the practical uptake of such frameworks has been slow, and debates continue about what recovery means, some river management agencies in different parts of the world have applied related concepts within catchment scale, process‐based approaches to river management. Agencies that make use of recovery enhancement approaches have reframed the way that vision setting, planning, and prioritization are undertaken. In this study, we review river recovery as a principle. We then present, using examples, an updated version of the framework for assessing river recovery and river recovery potential that is embedded in the River Styles framework. Finally, we show how the application of this framework can be used to better inform river management practice. WIREs Water 2016, 3:727–748. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1158This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness Engineering Water > Planning Water

DINÂMICA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLUVIAL DA BACIA DO RIACHO GRANDE, SERRA TALHADA – PE: ABORDAGEM DA CONECTIVIDADE DA PAISAGEM

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.15456 The water scarcity problem in Pernambuco semiarid encourages scientific research that aim to understanding the behavior of integrated semiarid river systems, relating the physical system of basins to antropic systems. This perspective the present study characterized the fluvial dynamics of Riacho Grande basin, located in the Sertao de Pernambuco region, applying an integrated manner the proposal of landscape connectivity and rivers styles, generating useful background information for management of water resources at the local scale. Therefore, it was identified the land uses, from data obtained in the field work with the support of GPS and use of QuickBird and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) images; understanding its dynamics and relating them to water infiltration capacity retained in the soil and runoff. The calculation of runoff flow volume was performed by using data extracted from the Agritempo data platform, for the period 1993-2012, through water balance daily sequential. It was identified in the Riacho Grande basin 3 main classes of land use, associated, with the texture and soil structure, the volume of runoff flow in the area. The analysis also identified the drainage impediments, able to retain the drained flow making it impossible them from reaching the network channels. Between main transmission impediments was identified a large number of dams, roads paved and unpaved and floodplains. Finally, the characterization of the channels from the primary analysis of river styles.

Filling the North Sea Basin: Cenozoic sediment sources and river styles

1. IntroductionThe recognition that the present landscape is a product of the long-term interaction of tectonics and climate is one of the fundamental concepts in historical geoscience. Determining the response of the environment to these changes has been further emphasised by attempts to understand the relationship between rates of tectonic activity and sedimentation or erosion and the interplay of these factors with climate change (e.g. Cloetingh et al., 2005). Moreover, the dynamic linkage of erosion and tectonics results in major impacts on changes of the Earth’s climate through the evolution of major continental topography and vice versa.The form of the Earth’s topography actually results from the net interaction of processes operating at a wide range of time scales. These include long- and short-term tectonic uplift, subsidence, phases of glaciation, and climatic and environmental changes. In northern Europe, these processes, operating simultaneously through the Cenozoic, have left a record of changing conditions that have determined the form of the present landscape. The emphasis recently has been on relatively short-term interactions involving quasi-simultaneous uplift followed shortly by incision, paced alongside Late Pleistocene marine isotope stages, and interacting with climatic fluctuations. Here we take a longer view, that of Cenozoic uplift centres changing in intensity and location, and thus sediment feeds and alluvial styles, feeding into a depositional basin

Assessing geomorphic sensitivity in relation to river capacity for adjustment

River sensitivity describes the nature and rate of channel adjustments. An approach to analysis of geomorphic river sensitivity outlined in this paper relates potential sensitivity based on the expected capacity of adjustment for a river type to the recent history of channel adjustment. This approach was trialled to assess low, moderate and high geomorphic sensitivity for four different types of river (10 reaches in total) along the Lower Tongariro River, North Island, New Zealand. Building upon the River Styles framework, river types were differentiated based upon valley setting (width and confinement), channel planform, geomorphic unit assemblages and bed material size. From this, the behavioural regime and potential for adjustment (type and extent) were determined. Historical maps and aerial photographs were geo-rectified and the channel planform digitised to assess channel adjustments for each reach from 1928 to 2007. Floodplain width controlled by terraces, exerted a strong influence upon reach scale sensitivity for the partly-confined, wandering, cobble-bed river. Although forced boundaries occur infrequently, the width of the active channel zone is constrained. An unconfined braided river reach directly downstream of the terrace-confined section was the most geomorphically sensitive reach. The channel in this reach adjusted recurrently to sediment inputs that were flushed through more confined, better connected upstream reaches. A meandering, sand-bed river in downstream reaches has exhibited negligible rates of channel migration. However, channel narrowing in this reach and the associated delta indicate that the system is approaching a threshold condition, beyond which channel avulsion is likely to occur. As this would trigger more rapid migration, this reach is considered to be more geomorphically sensitive than analysis of its low migration rate alone would indicate. This demonstrates how sensitivity is fashioned both by the behavioural regime of a reach and flow/sediment input from upstream. The approach to assess geomorphic river sensitivity outlined here could support ‘room to move’ or ‘freedom space’ approaches to river management by relating likely channel adjustments for the type of river under consideration to the area of land that is required to contain ‘natural’ patterns and rates of geomorphic functionality.

Invasive crayfish as drivers of fine sediment dynamics in rivers: field and laboratory evidence

ABSTRACTDespite increasing recognition of the potential of aquatic biota to act as ‘geomorphic agents’, key knowledge gaps exist in relation to biotic drivers of fine sediment dynamics at microscales and particularly the role of invasive species. This study explores the impacts of invasive signal crayfish on suspended sediment dynamics at the patch scale through laboratory and field study. Three hypotheses are presented and tested: (1) that signal crayfish generate pulses of fine sediment mobilisation through burrowing and movement that are detectable in the flow field; (2) that such pulses may be more frequent during nocturnal periods when signal crayfish are known to be most active; and (3) that cumulatively the pulses would be sufficient to drive an overall increase in turbidity. Laboratory mesocosm experiments were used to explore crayfish impacts on suspended sediment concentrations for two treatments: clay banks and clay bed substrate. For the field study, high frequency near‐bed and mid‐flow turbidity time series from a lowland river with known high densities of signal crayfish were examined. Laboratory data demonstrate the direct influence of signal crayfish on mobilisation of pulses of fine sediment through burrowing into banks and fine bed material, with evidence of enhanced activity levels around the mid‐point of the nocturnal period. Similar patterns of pulsed fine sediment mobilisation identified under field conditions follow a clear nocturnal trend and appear capable of driving an increase in ambient turbidity levels. The findings indicate that signal crayfish have the potential to influence suspended sediment yields, with implications for morphological change, physical habitat quality and the transfer of nutrients and contaminants. This is particularly important given the spread of signal crayfish across Europe and their presence in extremely high densities in many catchments. Further process‐based studies are required to develop a full understanding of impacts across a range of river styles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Morphodynamic diversity of the world’s largest rivers

Large alluvial rivers transport globally significant quantities of water, sediment, and nutrients to the oceans, temporarily storing and cycling this material within the bars, islands, and floodplains that define their morphology. The world’s largest rivers display a remarkable variety of morphologies. However, existing theory and numerical modeling fail to explain this diversity, which remains poorly understood. This study applies a new numerical model of water flow and sediment transport to show how the morphology of large sand-bed rivers is influenced by bed sediment mobility, bank erodibility, and rate of floodplain development. Simulations demonstrate that a wide range of river styles, including meandering, anabranching, and braiding, can occur over a relatively narrow range of environmental conditions. Results highlight the suspension of bed material, which limits the gravitational deflection of sediment in the direction of the local bed slope, as a key control on sediment transport direction and hence river morphology. Moreover, high mobility of bed and bank sediments are hypothesized to favor contrasting river styles, although both may be promoted by increasing stream power. These results explain the inability of existing stream power theory to predict the morphology of the world’s largest rivers, and highlight the potential for investigating river-floodplain co-evolution using physics-based simulation models.

Use of ergodic reasoning to reconstruct the historical range of variability and evolutionary trajectory of rivers

ABSTRACTApplications of ergodic reasoning (or location for time substitution) aid efforts at environmental reconstruction and prediction, providing a useful tool to analyse and communicate stages of landscape evolution. Analysis of the historical range of behaviour and change that a river system has experienced can be used to interpret thresholds that have been breached, and underlying controls and/or triggers for adjustment and change. This information can be used to forecast future trajectories of adjustment and provide target conditions for management activities. This paper uses a case study from upper Wollombi Brook, New South Wales, Australia to demonstrate how ergodic reasoning can be used to assess river behaviour, change and responses to natural and human‐disturbances. The ‘river evolution diagram’ developed by Brierley and Fryirs (Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework. Blackwell Publishing: Oxford, 2005) is presented as a means for depicting the range of behaviour and evolutionary variability of this river. These approaches can be readily applied in other systems. Implications for approaches to analysis of river evolution and management are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Geomorphology in action: Linking policy with on-the-ground actions through applications of the River Styles framework

Integrative approaches to natural resources management build upon scientifically informed policy frameworks. Landscape templates provide a physical platform with which to develop and enact coherent measures which balance concerns for ecosystem health and economic development. The River Styles framework ( Brierley & Fryirs, 2000, 2005, p. 398) is a geomorphic tool that feeds scientific information into river management applications and prioritization, striving to ensure that actions reflect the values of a given place. Three recent developments in the use of the River Styles framework in New South Wales, Australia are reported here. First, the use of this cross-scalar, catchment-framed tool in the development and implementation of proactive and strategic management measures is outlined. Regional-scale conservation planning activities are applied using reference reaches for differing River Styles. Catchment-scale investigations into river character, behaviour and evolutionary trajectory frame site/reach considerations in their catchment context. Second, policy links to on-the-ground activities are explored, highlighting ways in which a physical landscape template provides an integrating platform for catchment action planning, water management planning, vegetation management, water quality assessment, conservation and rehabilitation planning and implementation, and monitoring programs. These applications build upon a fragility index that combines concerns for common values, system condition and risk. Third, extensions to the River Styles framework that support management of urban streams are outlined. The use of Geographic Information Systems as a cross-scalar spatial analysis tool with which to guide coherent management applications is highlighted.

Influence of bed heterogeneity and habitat type on macroinvertebrate uptake in peri-urban streams

The role of geomorphic structure, referred to as physical heterogeneity, and its influence upon the colonization of habitat by macroinvertebrates was analysed in the peri-urban, Twin Streams Catchment, in West Auckland, New Zealand. Using a cross-scalar approach, 4 riffle-run assemblages were analysed in each of 2 River Styles (a confined, low sinuosity, gravel bed river and a partly confined, low sinuosity, bedrock, cobble, and gravel bed river). Each of these 8 locations comprised 2 distinct sampling areas; the upstream zone had a more heterogeneous river bed with a high diversity of physical features and flow, whilst the downstream area had a more homogeneous structure. Microhabitat features sampled at each site included streambed material, bank margins, fine grained organic debris, wood, and boulders. Habitat mosaics and their associated macroinvertebrate relationships followed a semi-predictable but interrupted pattern, supporting the view that river systems are a patchy discontinuum. Homogeneous zones were more frequently characterised by higher proportions of Trichoptera than heterogeneous zones, whilst heterogeneous zones were frequently characterised by Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera. Diversity was maximised when the species pools from heterogeneous and homogeneous sites were combined for any given site. Functional habitats influenced macroinvertebrate assemblages in non-linear and complex ways. Wood and organic debris habitats were associated with high diversity, abundance, and sensitive species whereas streambed habitat was usually associated with low diversity. A diverse range of physical zones that approximates the ‘natural range of behaviour’ for the given type of stream was considered to provide a more effective platform for rehabilitation planning than emphasising heterogeneity of physical structure in its own right.

Relative Importance of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Anthropic Factors in the Geomorphic Zonation of the Trinity River, Texas1

Phillips, Jonathan D., 2010. Relative Importance of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Anthropic Factors in the Geomorphic Zonation of the Trinity River, Texas. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 807‐823. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00457.xAbstract: The Trinity River, Texas, was characterized according to its geologic framework, valley width and confinement, slope, sinuosity, channel‐floodplain connectivity, and flow regime, leading to the identification of 18 hinge points along the 638 km study area where major transitions in two or more criteria occur. These, and effects of human agency, avulsions, and sea level rise, delineate 21 river styles or zones. Each zone was evaluated with respect to dominant factors determining its geomorphological characteristics: geology/lithology, tectonics, Holocene sea level rise, meandering, cutoffs and other lateral channel changes, avulsions, valley constrictions by alluvial terraces, and paleomeander depressions. Direct human influences (a large impoundment and water withdrawals) are also evident. Entropy of the relationships between these controls and the geomorphological zones shows that all the controls are significant, and each accounts for 4‐15% of the total entropy. Geologic controls, lateral channel changes, and constriction by terraces are the three most influential controls, illustrating that controls on river morphology include extrinsic boundary conditions, active process‐form interrelationships, and inherited features. Extrinsic and intrinsic controls each account for about a third of the entropy, but the latter includes antecedent features as well as active channel dynamics, underscoring the importance of historical contingency even in alluvial rivers.

Multi-thread river channels: A perspective on changing European alpine river systems

Rivers are natural systems whose planform pattern in alluvial reaches reflects a balance between three fundamental ingredients: flow energy, sediment calibre and supply, and vegetation. Whilst early research on river channel classification emphasised flow (stream power) and sediment controls, the impact of vegetation is now recognised in increasingly detailed classification schemes. Different planform patterns are more or less sensitive to changes in these three fundamental ingredients, which in the absence of human interventions all respond to changes in climate, allowing different morphological configurations to evolve and in some cases shift from one planform style to another. Multi-thread, braided and transitional river channel styles are common in European regions where conditions for the development of these planform styles, notably high bed material supply and steep channel gradients, exist. However, widespread, intense human impacts on European river systems, particularly over recent centuries, have caused major changes in river styles. Human activities impact on all three major controls on channel pattern: flow regime, sediment regime, vegetation (both riparian and catchment-wide). Whilst the mix of human activities may vary greatly between catchments, research from across Europe on the historical evolution of river systems has identified consistent trends in channel pattern change, particularly within rivers draining the Alps. These trends involve periods of narrowing and widening, and also switching between multi-thread and single-thread styles. Although flow regulation is often the key focus of explanations for human-induced channel change, our review suggests that human manipulation of sediment supply is a major, possibly the dominant, causal factor. We also suggest that “engineering” by riparian trees can accelerate transitions in pattern induced by flow and sediment change and can also shift transition thresholds, offering a new perspective for interpretation of channel change in addition to the focus on flow and sediment regime within existing models. Whilst the development of planform classifications of increasing complexity have been crucial in developing terminology and highlighting the main factors that control channel styles, additional approaches are needed to understand, predict and manage European Alpine river systems. A combination of field, laboratory and numerical modeling approaches are needed to advance the process understanding that is necessary to anticipate river landscape, particularly planform, changes and thus to make ecologically sound management choices.

Measures of Physical Heterogeneity in Appraisal of Geomorphic River Condition for Urban Streams: Twin Streams Catchment, Auckland, New Zealand

This investigation created and tested a template to rapidly assess geomorphic river condition in urban settings. This extension to the River Styles Framework® (Brierley and Fryirs, 2005) entailed mapping the heterogeneity in bed material, habitat, and flow characteristics for different types of rivers, integrating parameters from geomorphology, ecology, and hydrology. Analysis was carried out at 27 sites in the Twin Streams catchment in West Auckland, New Zealand. The method successfully recorded the extent of degradation of physical structure following European settlement of the catchment. With the exception of one subcatchment, streams were found to be largely intact in the headwaters. Many of these headwater streams were found to be of exceptional quality, with high physical heterogeneity. Geomorphic condition is more degraded in downstream areas. Fine-grained sediment has smothered stream courses in the lower half of the catchment, covering bed material and creating homogenous structure and flow, decreasing quality of habitat for biota. In this more urbanized area, with more stormwater drains, riparian vegetation is limited and of poor to moderate quality. Understanding of geomorphic responses to human disturbance is critical in the design and implementation of effective management strategies that seek to improve the ecological condition of urban streams.

The Relationship between Geomorphic River Structure and Coarse Particulate Organic Matter (CPOM) Storage along the Kangaroo River, New South Wales, Australia

Fluvial landforms provide a physical template upon which to appraise biophysical relationships along river courses. In this study, the spatial pattern of organic matter storage along the Kangaroo River, NSW, is related to geomorphic controls that operate at a range of scales within a nested hierarchy. This snapshot study of CPOM storage found that at the catchment scale the longitudinal pattern of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) storage is dependent on the type and downstream pattern of River Styles. At the reach scale, CPOM storage is dependent on the geomorphic unit structure and physical heterogeneity of the river, and associated energy conditions along the reach. At the geomorphic unit scale, CPOM storage capacity is related to the position of geomorphic units relative to the thalweg (i.e. flow characteristics) and associated roughness attributes. At the hydraulic unit scale, CPOM storage capacity is related to local flow velocity and substrate characteristics (clast size and distribution).

Linking geomorphic character, behaviour and condition to fluvial biodiversity: implications for river management

Abstract The River Styles® framework is a geomorphic approach to the classification of river types, assessment of the physical condition of rivers, and planning of physical rehabilitation. However, the linkages between River Styles and aquatic biodiversity conservation are still only weakly developed. In this study, 41 sites in the Bega River basin in New South Wales, Australia, were classified according to River Style and geomorphic condition, and surveyed for four biological assemblages: diatoms, aquatic and semi‐aquatic macrophytes, aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish. Each assemblage differed significantly among River Styles. However, in the case of diatoms and fish, these differences could be accounted for by geographic clustering of sites in the same River Style, and a tendency for River Styles to occupy particular altitudinal zones and sizes of streams. This result was attributed to the overriding influences of water quality on diatoms and of altitude‐related variation in water temperature and distance from the ocean on fish. For macrophytes and macroinvertebrates, geomorphic river type appeared to exert a direct influence, probably via variation in physical habitat characteristics. Geomorphic condition, judged as good, moderate or poor by reference to the inferred natural condition of each River Style, was also significantly associated with differences in biological assemblages other than fish. Twice as many taxa appeared to favour sites in good geomorphic condition as favoured sites in poor condition. Many of the taxa associated with sites in poor condition are alien taxa introduced to Australia since European settlement. These findings imply that protection of reaches that are in good geomorphic condition is likely to be critical for the maintenance of indigenous biodiversity, and that rehabilitation of geomorphic condition can assist in the rehabilitation of native riverine biota. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Book Review: Geomorphology and river management: applications of the river styles framework

Book Review: Geomorphology and river management: applications of the river styles framework

Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework. By Gary J. Brierley and Kirstie A. Fryirs. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. 398 pages, 154 illustrations. $99.95 paper.

Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework. By Gary J. Brierley and Kirstie A. Fryirs. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. 398 pages, 154 illustrations. $99.95 paper.