Rivers State Research Articles

Assessment of Iron Status Among Menstruating Female Students of Madonna University, Elele Campus, Rivers State

Assessment of Iron Status Among Menstruating Female Students of Madonna University, Elele Campus, Rivers State

Ocular disorders and compliance to protective eyewear among quarry workers in Akamkpa local government area of cross river state, Nigeria

The quarry industry over time has played a pivotal role in the transformation of the physical environment but with attendant negative effects on workers. This study ascertained the pattern of work related ocular disorders and compliance to protective eye devices among quarry workers in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State Nigeria. This descriptive cross sectional study employed the use of a structured interview followed by a comprehensive external examination of the eyes of the subjects by qualified eye care practitioners. Data generated was analysed using the Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 25.0. Results were presented descriptively using tables and figures. The study took place in 8 quarry sites located in 4 communities randomly selected and involved 184 subjects randomly selected comprising of 140 (76.09%) males and 44 (23.91%) females. The age of the participants ranged from 18-60 years with a mean age of 32.03±2.23 (SD). The study revealed that predominant ocular symptoms experienced were blurry vision (31.5%), itchy eyes (27.94%), ocular irritation/ grittiness (15.55%), eye/ headaches (12.46%) and discharges (9.61%). The most common ocular surface anomalies observed were pterygium (41.80%), corneal scar/ ulceration (18.03%) and allergic conjunctivitis (16.39%), while the most frequent type of eye injuries reported were superficial foreign bodies, blunt trauma and superficial ocular abrasion accounting for 50.92%,30.06% and 11.04% respectively. Injuries due to quarrying activities were more common among labourers (41.10% and 29.45% among stone crushers and stone processors respectively), while workers with less than 5 years work experience reported more work related eye injury (74.85%) with broken stones (80.39%) accounting for most of the injuries. Similarly, a majority (94.7%) of the participants had knowledge of Personal Protective Eye Devices (PPEDs) only 26.44% had the appropriate PPEDs and just 30.43% of them complied regularly with their usage during work. There was a statistically significant association between work experience and the occurrence of work related ocular injuries (p>0.001) but the use of PPEDs has no statistically significant association with the occurrence of eye injuries. The study concluded that workers at the Akamkpa quarry, Nigeria suffered various types of work related ocular anomalies and while a majority of them had prior knowledge of the benefits of PPEDs, the level of availability and utilization is relatively low and recommended health education and strict enforcement of safety regulations.

Effect of Kinesthetic Learning on Students’ Interest and Achievement in Mathematics

One of the pertinent reasons for poor academic achievement in Mathematics is fundamentally linked to the application of ineffective teaching methods by teachers to impact knowledge to learners. This study adopts a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test research design to examine the efficacy of kinesthetic learning on interest and achievement in Mathematics. Four research questions were raised to guide the study and four hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The sample comprises 101 Junior Secondary School students drawn from two secondary schools in Bekwarra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Two intact classes were randomly selected from each school and assigned to experimental and control group. Data for the study were sourced using a modified Mathematics Interest Inventory (MII) and mathematics achievement test designed by the researchers tagged Students’ Mathematics Achievement Test (SMAT). Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings revealed a high post-test interest cluster mean of 3.10 (above the decision benchmark of 2.50) and also a higher post-test mean achievement score with (Mean = 20.82; Standard Deviation = 3.63) for students in the experimental group compared to the control group. The result also indicated that both male and female students taught mathematics using kinesthetic learning in the experimental group had positive interest and achievement after exposure to the treatment. The test of the hypotheses indicated that there is significant difference in interest and achievement between students taught mathematics using kinesthetic learning and conventional method, whereas there is no significant difference on the interest and achievement of male and female students taught mathematics using kinesthetic learning. The study concluded that kinesthetic learning has a positive effect on interest and achievement in mathematics; and that gender is not a sole determinant of good academic performance or interest in mathematics but teaching method. The study recommended that mathematics teachers should adopt kinesthetic learning or play way method in teaching because of its relevance in improving learners’ interest and achievement.

Comparing Machine Learning Algorithms for Rice Yield Prediction in Adamawa and Cross Rivers States of Nigeria

Comparing Machine Learning Algorithms for Rice Yield Prediction in Adamawa and Cross Rivers States of Nigeria

Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Costus afer and Vit. C Supplement on Renal Damage in Male Mice Subjected to Sub-chronic Exposure of Dichlorvos

Aim: To evaluate effects of aqueous extracts of Costus afer and Vit. C supplement on renal damage in male mice subjected to sub-chronic exposure of dichlorvos. Study Design: The study was a completely randomized design employing relevant statistical tools for analysis and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University. The experiment lasted for 35 days between April and June 2023. Methodology: A total of 30 male mice were randomly selected into 6 groups (n=5). Group A was the control, B received Dichlorvos@25mg/kg/bw/day, C & D received 100% vitamin C and Costus afer at 250mg/kg/bw/day only. Groups E & F were coadministered Dichlorvos with Vitamin C and 100% extract of Costusaferat 250mg/kg/bw/day respectively. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected for analysis. Total protein was analyzed using the spectrophotometric method of biuret, Bradford and erythrosine – b, albumin was estimated, creatinine and urea was done using enzymatic method.Histological sections of the kidney were mounted on slides, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Photomicrographs were generated. Results: All kidney biomarkers examined increased significantly (p=0.05) in group B administered Dichlorvos only but decreased in groups administered the vit C and Costusafer respectively. Histopathological analysis of the kidney shows the regular structure of the kidney architecture in group A. Glomeruli shrinkage, necrosis and degeneration of nephrons were observed in group B, while less pronounced changes were observed in groups C-F co-administered with Vit C and Costus afer. However, group E shows fully regenerated nephrons while few depleted nephronic cells were still observed in group F despite coadministration of Costus afer. Conclusion: Based on the results, Vit C supplement shows more potent, therapeutic properties against kidney damage in male mice subjected to sub-chronic exposure of Dichlorvos compared toCostusafer.

Optimization of Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil through Variation in Moisture Content and Proportion of Augmenting Bacterium and Fungus

Aim: The aim of this study was to enhance bioremediation of crude-oil polluted soil through optimization procedures. Study Design: The Box-Benkhen coded values format and experimental design were used in the design of the study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Microbiology laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nigeria, between February 2024 and July 2024. Methodology: Hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) & fungi (HUF) were isolated from crude-oil polluted soil, and screened for hydrocarbon degrading ability (HCDA). HUB and HUF with the highest HCDA were identified and used for bioremediation optimization experiment. In the experiment, different combination of moisture content (MC), and proportion of HUB (pHUB) & HUF (pHUF) were investigated for their effect on extent of hydrocarbon reduction (EoHR). EoHR obtained from the different combinations were fitted using a generalized polynomial model so as to obtain a polynomial equation for predicting EoHR. The equation was used in generating prediction profiles from which the combined values of the 3 parameters that will lead to the highest EoHR was determined. The predicted combined values were implemented in a new setup. A control and a setup enhanced with fertilizer were also prepared. The setups were maintained for 3 weeks. On day 0, 14, and 21 samples were collected and analyzed for total hydrocarbon concentration (THC). Results: The results obtained showed that among the coded isolated HUB and HUF, HB5 and HF1 had the highest HCDA; 36.4% and 4.1% respectively, and were identified phenotypically as Klebsiella ornithinolytica and Aspergillus flavus respectively. The results of the optimization experiment and prediction profiles showed that the highest (68.6%) EoHR was achievable at MC = 20%, pHUB = 10%, and pHUF = 1%. The actual EoHR on day 21 in the optimized, enhanced optimized, and control setups were 60.3, 58.9, and 39.9% respectively. Conclusion: Bioremediation optimization studies is advantageous and should be carried out on crude-oil polluted sites before carrying out bioremediation.

Geospatial Modelling of Flood Susceptibility of the Calabar City, Cross River State, Nigeria

Flooding remains a major environmental problem in many parts of the world including Nigeria, causing untold losses. This study modelled the flood susceptibility of Calabar Metropolis using frequency ratio and geographical information system (GIS). Direct field observation and key informant approaches were used to obtain 127 previous and current flood locations in the study area from which a database of historical flood occurrence was developed. Using the geostatistical analyst tool within a geographical information environment the flood locations were split into two parts in the ratio of 70:30 percent for the training and testing processes, respectively. Eight flood conditioning factors (elevation, slope, aspect, curvature topographic position index, topographic wetness index, land cover and normalized difference vegetation index) were extracted from SRTM-30m DEM and Landsat 8 data accordingly and used in the geospatial analysis of flood occurrence within the GIS. The frequency ratio model was then developed using the training dataset. The final product was the flood susceptibility map of the study area. The results revealed that 9.3 percent of the study area was considered to have very high flood susceptibility, 19.97 percent was classified as high flood susceptibility while 31.79 percent was under moderate risk area. About 39 percent of the study area was classified at least under low flood susceptibility. The order of contribution of the conditioning factors to the model were topographic position index (TPI), elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land cover, curvature, aspect, slope, and topographic wetness index (TWI). The validation of the model using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve returned an AUC value of 74.81 percent. Hence, the result was acceptable for the prediction of flood locations in the study area. The findings would assist urban planners, environmental managers, risk reduction and management agencies, land developers, policy makers, and indeed the general public.

Harnessing Potentials of Indigenous Environmental Myths for Forest Conservation in Rivers State

Indigenous environmental mythology has long been an essential component of many communities' ecological and cultural systems in the Rivers State, Nigerian These myths, which usually stem from the notion that nature is untouchable, offer crucial insights into the practices of traditional forest protection. This study looks into how these indigenous myths could help with current conservation efforts, particularly those that are meant to protect forest resources. By examining a number of myths and the associated behaviours, the study demonstrated how these cultural narratives have historically controlled human interaction with the environment, ensuring the sustainable use of forest resources. It also suggested how community members can remain involved in the conservation of forest resources. The study pointed out the forest's critical role in the welfare of rural Nigerian households. Therefore, the more community people participate in sustainable forest management, the more the forests contribute to meeting the needs of rural Nigerian household welfare. Thus, it was concluded that community involvement not only protects people of the community's means of sustenance but also enhances the social, economic, and environmental aspects of forestry efforts.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Crab (Scylla senrata) and Sediments in Oil and Non-Oil Producing Communities in Akulga Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Crab (Scylla senrata) and Sediments in Oil and Non-Oil Producing Communities in Akulga Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

Evaluation of the Effect of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Academic Staff Productivity in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State

The study evaluated the effect of fuel subsidy removal on academic staff productivity in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. This study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study consisted of 3,154 academic staff from the three Universities in Rivers State. The sample size for this study was 340 respondents. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire titled: “Effect of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Academic Staff Job Productivity Questionnaire (EFSRASJPQ)”. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient method established the yielded reliability index of 0.89. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while ANOVA was used to test hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the removal of fuel subsidy affects the commuting costs of academic staff, demotivates academic staff and affects staff punctuality in Rivers State University, University of Port Harcourt and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Nigeria. The study recommended that University managements should establish a transport support system or give allowances to academic staff to offset the increased commuting expenses.

Awareness and perception of prevention and management options of sexually transmitted infections among students at secondary school in Rivers State, Nigeria

Awareness and perception of prevention and management options of sexually transmitted infections among students at secondary school in Rivers State, Nigeria

Assessment of Genetic Diversity Analysis in African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst Ex.A.Rich Harms) using Qualitative and Quantitative Attributes

This study evaluated the genetic diversity of 18 African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) accessions from the IITA germplasm in Ibadan, Nigeria, using nine qualitative traits. The experiment was conducted behind the Biological Science Block at the University of Calabar, following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Qualitative traits were observed and recorded based on the descriptors for African Yam Bean, while quantitative traits were measured using metric tools like rulers, vernier calipers, and weighing scales. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests via GenStat Discovery Edition 4 and PASW version 20.0 software. Results indicated minimal variation in morphological traits such as days to 50% seedling emergence, vine length, leaf number, leaf dimensions, peduncle and petiole length, and days to 50% flowering across accessions. Leaf color varied, ranging from light green to dark and pale green, with accession TSs 285 showing pale green leaves. Seed shapes varied from round/globular to oval or oblong, and all accessions except TSs 33 had seed cavities. Accessions TSs 266 and TSs 38 performed better in most parameters, except for days to 50% flowering and leaf count. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in traits like days to 50% emergence, days to 50% flowering, leaf color, pod dehiscence, seed shape, seed cavity presence, testa splitting, and texture. However, no significant differences were noted for hypocotyl pigmentation and pod dehiscence. Accession TSs 266 excelled in traits such as vine length, terminal leaf width, peduncle length, and pod number per plant, showing optimal adaptation to the climatic and agro-geological conditions of Cross River State.

Impact Assessment of Counselling on Family of Children with Intellectual Disability in Cross River State, Nigeria

This study examined the impact of counseling on the families of children with intellectual disability (ID) in Cross River State, Nigeria. Three research questions were generated to guide the study while the Ex-post-Facto research design was adopted. A purposive sampling technique was used, and 100 parents of children with ID were selected from the Association for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities of Nigeria (AIDDN), Cross River State Chapter. These parents have been exposed to psychodynamic counseling in the past. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Impact of Counseling on Parents of Children with ID (ICPCID)”. The instrument was validated by three experts, two in special education and one in measurement and evaluation. The reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages, frequencies, and mean scores. The findings revealed, among others, that counseling has a higher impact on the information needs of parents of children with ID. Counseling has a significant positive impact on the emotional stability of parents of children with ID. Counseling has a significant positive impact on stabilizing families of children with ID. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that the Cross River State Government should establish a department of guidance and counseling under the State Ministry of Education that regularly caters for the counseling needs of parents of children with ID in the state.

Ward Development Committees as 4th Level Governance of Primary Health Care in Nigeria: The Rivers State Model

Ward Development Committees as 4th Level Governance of Primary Health Care in Nigeria: The Rivers State Model

Adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards and Financial Reporting Quality in Universities in Rivers State

In spite of the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) in Nigeria, it appears that significant progress has not been made by public sector organisations in its implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the adoption of IPSAS has influenced financial reporting quality in universities in Rivers State. Cross sectional survey research design was used for the study and the area of the study was Rivers State, Nigeria. The population of the study was 37 senior Accounting Personnel from the three universities studied. The entire population of 37 was used as sample, hence census was employed for the study. The instrument used for the collection of data was a self-structured questionnaire developed using a four-point rating scale of Very High Extent, High Extent, Moderate Extent and Low Extent. The instrument was validated by two Business Educators and one Measurement and Evaluation expert, all from the Faculty of Education, Rivers State University. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the test re-test method; this was done through the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) and a reliability coefficient of 0.96 was obtained. Data was analysed using mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis was tested using one-way Analysis of Variance. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the adoption of international public sector accounting standards has influenced financial reporting quality in universities in Rivers State albeit to a moderate extent. The study further found that there was significant difference in the mean score of Senior Accounting Personnel in the three universities on the extent to which financial performance, financial position and cash flow standards have influenced financial reporting quality in universities in Rivers State. The study concludes that universities in Rivers State are still at an elementary stage of the adoption of IPSAS in the preparation of financial statements and as such the quality of their financial statements cannot be reasonably assured. One recommendation made, amongst others, was that Accounting Personnel of universities in Rivers State, especially those handling Final Accounts, should be made to undergo thorough training on IPSAS to enhance their financial reporting skills; the training should be practical and not theory-based and experts who have been involved in the successful implementation of IPSAS should champion the process.

EFFECT OF INCENTIVE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

This study examine the effect of incentive system management on employee performance of selected deposit money banks in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study used structured questionnaires from the six selected deposit money banks in the study area. The researcher used multiple regression analysis to analyze the data obtained from the selected banks. The result of the study shows that the first variables of the study, pay-rise has a positive and significant effects on employee performance and the effect is statistically significant (p0.05). Bonus has a negative but insignificant effect on employee performance in the study area. Recognition has a positive effects on employee performance and the effect is statistically significant (p0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. The researcher concluded that incentive appeal to employees in a completely different manner. Thus, the use of appropriate incentive system is key to achieving organizational outcomes. The researcher recommends that the use of a combination of more than one reward system such as recognition and pay-rise is needed to improve employee performance in the study area.

Bacteriological Quality Determination of Borehole Water Supply in Hostels of Rivers State University Main Campus, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Water serves as a vehicle for the transmission of various diseases to man and animals, and have been associated with both acute and chronic health syndromes. This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of borehole water supply in the Hostels of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Borehole water samples were collected from six (6) hostels for each study period, and subjected to standard bacteriological Procedures. Results obtained indicated that the highest mean total heterotrophic bacterial count of 3.6±1.7 X 105cfu/ml was recorded in the Hostel C water sample, while the least mean bacterial count of 5.5±0.35 X 104cfu/ml was observed in FCMB Hostel. The total coliform count had the highest value (3.3±3.82 X 104cfu/ml) recorded in Hostel D and the lowest value of 2.0±0.14 X 103cfu/ml was obtained in the Hostel H water sample. The faecal coliform count recorded the highest value in FCMB Hostel (1.5±0.71X 103 cfu/ml) and lowest in Hostel H (8.5±4.95 X 103 cfu/ml). The staphylococcal count was highest in Hostel B (8±9.9 X 104 cfu/ml) and lowest in Hostel C (0.6±0.57 X 104cfu/ml). Six bacterial species were identified, which included Bacillus spp (100%), Staphylococcus spp (100%), Pseudomonas spp (83.3%), Klebsiella spp. (66.6%), Salmonella spp (16.6%) and Escherichia coli (16.6%). Data obtained showed that all the isolates were biofilm producers, albeit at varying percentages, as 52.9%, 55.5%, 60%, 30%, 33.3%, and 100% of Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, respectively were positive for biofilm formation. The hemolysis result indicated that 28.3%, 10%, and 61.7% of the isolates were alpha, beta and gamma hemolytic, respectively. The study indicated the presence of bacteria of public health importance, thereby, making the need for regular monitoring and treatment of these water sources very necessary to check bacterial proliferation and ensure continuous access to safe water in the hostels.

Inferior Turbinate/Nasal Cavity Ratio: A Novel Objective Tool with Potential Clinical Implications

Background: The nasal cavity is the upper part of the respiratory tract which communicates with the external environment through the anterior apertures. It also communicates with the nares, and the nasopharynx via the posterior apertures. The nasal cavity is divided into two by a septum, each cavity consisting of a roof, floor, medial wall, and lateral wall. The nasal cavity is formed laterally by the inferior, middle and superior nasal conchae (turbinates). Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the dimensions of the inferior turbinate as seen in selected Nigeria subjects and develop novel anatomical parameters and indices with potential clinical implications. Methods: This retrospective study was done in the Radiology department of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital following ethical approval, 339 CT films of adults (males and females) were analysed in this study. Sex and side differences were analysed using t-test, while relationship between anatomical structures were analysed using the Chi square test. The confidence interval was set at 95% and p < 0.05 was considered significant. The volume of the inferior turbinate and nasal cavity were measure and the inferior turbinate/nasal cavity ratio was calculated. Results: The mean volume of the inferior turbinate for males was 2.01±0.12, female was 2.22±0.14 and for the entire population it was 2.12±0.13. The mean volume of the nasal cavity for male and female were 15.98±0.40 cm3 and 14.73±0.34 cm3, respectively, whereas the average for the population was 15.35±0.37 cm3. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research that used well defined anatomical landmarks in estimating the volume of the nasal cavity and inferior turbinate. This study also provided a clinically objective tool in assessing the degree of nasal cavity obstruction by providing a grading system for the inferior turbinate/nasal cavity. This tool will particularly be very useful in resource poor settings like ours where nasal endoscopy and rhinometry may not be readily available and affordable. Therefore radiologist can use this grading system to grade the degree of inferior turbinate hypertrophy and predict the degree of nasal obstruction and severity of symptoms.

Workplace Humanization and Job Effectiveness of Business Education Graduates in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State

This study examined workplace humanization and job effectiveness of business education graduates in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Two (2) objectives, research questions and null hypotheses were stated, answered, formulated and tested to guide this study. Descriptive survey design was adopted in this study and the population consists of one thousand two hundred and eighty-three business education graduates in public tertiary institutions in Rivers State and the sample size of this study was two hundred and ninety-seven respondents drawn from the population with the use of Taro Yamen formular, hence simple random sampling techniques was adopted in this study. A self-developed questionnaire titled “Workplace Humanization and Job Effectiveness of Business Education Graduates Questionnaire (WoHuJEBEGQu) was used to obtain data for this study. In addition, the said instrument employed face and content validity, which was validated by experts in the study area and a reliability index coefficient of 0.81 was obtained using test-retest method of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). Mean and standard deviation was used to answer and analyzed the research questions while independent t-test statistical tool was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of this study revealed that job security and equity in remuneration are the variables of workplace humanization that enhances job effectiveness of business education graduates in tertiary institutions in Rivers State to a high extent. In addition, there is no significant difference in the mean responses of male and female business education graduates on extent job security and equity in remuneration enhances job effectiveness in the aforementioned institutions in Rivers State. It was therefore recommended among others that management of institutions should display equal fairness in the areas of employees’ remuneration so that there will not be room for any marginalization.

Determining the Phytochemical Properties and Antibiogram of Different Chewing Stick Plants on Selected Streptococcal Species Isolated from the Oral Cavity

Chewing sticks are small twigs obtained from plant stems, measuring 12-25cm long and tied in bundles of 5-10. These twigs have been used for oral hygiene for many years, even before the invention of toothpaste, mouthwash, and mouth sprays. This study aims to determine the phytochemical properties and antibiogram of different chewing stick plants on two streptococcal species isolated from the oral cavity. Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans were isolated from oral swabs of patients at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital and identified to the species level. The pure isolates were further tested against the antimicrobial effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of four chewing stick plants: Vernonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Massularia acuminate, and Phyllanthus mullerianus. Qualitative phytochemical screening and quantitative analysis were carried out on the plant stems to determine the presence of antimicrobials. The percentage of antimicrobials present in the plant stems ranged from 33.3% to 66.7%, with Jatropha curcas, Massularia acuminate, and Vernonia amygdalina exhibiting the highest percentages, and Phyllanthus mullerianus the lowest. The antibiogram of the isolates to conventional gram-positive antibiotics was determined by the disc diffusion method. Streptococcus pyogenes showed 75% sensitivity and 25% resistance to the antibiotics, while Streptococcus mutans displayed 50% sensitivity, 16.7% intermediate, and 33.3% resistance to the antibiotics. The investigation found that the ethanolic extract of Massularia acuminate has the highest zone of inhibition of 15.5 ±0.71mm at 100mg/ml, while Phyllanthus mullerianus exhibited the least inhibition at 8 ±0mm. The ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas and Vernonia amygdalina showed little effect on the test isolates, with a range of 0-9.5±0.71mm. The aqueous extract ranged from 8±5.7 - 9.5±0.71mm at 100mg/ml, with Massulara acuminate exhibiting the highest and the lowest zones of inhibition. This finding indicates that Massularia accuminate has the ability to suppress the growth of dental plaque-forming Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes. Chewing sticks are more affordable and easily accessible, so they could be recommended in community oral health programs.