Rivers State Research Articles

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Malaria among Children Under-Five in the Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Malaria among Children Under-Five in the Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria

Comparative Assessment of Physical and Mental Health Status of Internally Displaced and Indigenous Adults of Ikot Efiom in Bakassi, Cross River State, Nigeria

Comparative Assessment of Physical and Mental Health Status of Internally Displaced and Indigenous Adults of Ikot Efiom in Bakassi, Cross River State, Nigeria

Proximate and Phytochemical Profile of Cirsium arvense Leaves

The aim of this study is to investigate the proximate and quantitative phytochemical components of the leaves of Cirsium arvense. Fresh leaves of Cirsium arvense were collected from Achara Autonomous community in Obowo Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria and identified by a plant taxonomist from the department of plant science and biotechnology, River state university, Nigeria. Proximate and quantitative phytochemical analysis of C. arvense leaf were carried out using standard methods. Results of the proximate composition revealed that Carbohydrate content (59.284%) was high, followed by protein (11.55%) with energy value of 340.198 Kcal. The dry matter was 85% with moisture content of 15%, fat (6.318%), ash content (4.361%) and fibre (3.487%). The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids (Lunamarin (3.7340ug/ml), saponin (Sapogenin (5.7077ug/ml), phytate (19.2702ug/ml), Cynagenic glycoside (17.148ug/ml), flavonoids (Flavan 3 ol (10.5455ug/ml), Rutin (7.0365ug/ml), Flavonoes (4.1051ug/ml), Flavone (3.7603ug/ml), with flavonoids in high concentrations. The result from this study has revealed the chemical constituents embedded in this plant leaf and will provide needed information to researchers in the area of herbal medicine.

A review of endoscopic findings in upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A two-center study

Objectives: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Nigeria. Endoscopy is vital for the diagnosis of UGIB. At present, there are no published data on UGIB in Cross River State, Nigeria. This study aims to report the endoscopic findings in our patients with UGIB in Calabar, Cross River State (CRS). Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with UGIB who had esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed at two health facilities in Calabar, CRS, from November 2012 to May 2024. Patients’ demographics and endoscopic findings were obtained from the endoscopy registers into a spreadsheet and analyzed statistically (using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 software). Summary statistics (means ± standard deviation [SD]) for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables were analyzed. Categorical variables were compared for differences using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 923 EGDs were performed during the study period. 151 (16.4%) of these cases had UGIB as an indication for the procedure. There were 105 males (69.5%) and 46 females (30.5%) with a mean age of 47.5 (SD ± 17.9) years. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (gastritis and benign gastric ulcer – 68, 45%) was the main pathology found in patients, followed by bleeding esophageal varices (33, 21.9%). Conclusion: Endoscopy is important in the diagnosis of UGIB. PUD and bleeding esophageal varices are the leading causes of UGIB in our environment, respectively.

Media Literacy Skills for Promoting Sustainable Development in Rivers State

The study examined media literacy skills for promoting sustainable development in Rivers State. Three research questions guided the study. The study anchored on information literacy theory. The survey research design was adopted using a sample of 167 respondents drawn from a population of 278 lecturers in the four departments of Communication, film and media studies using proportionate sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire which was validated by experts and used for data gathering. The reliability of the instrument was established at 0.82 using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient (PPMC). The study found amongst others that critical and analytical thinking, digital literacy, environmental literacy, cultural and social awareness, and collaborative communication are media literacy skills needed for promoting sustainable development. The study concluded that media literacy and education can potentially empower the citizens to be able to critically analyze and evaluate media messages, be better informed, engage, and be proactive in addressing both local and global issues that can bring about sustainable development in Rivers State. Media literacy skills were essential for the citizens to be well informed on the various types of media outlets and their roles in promoting sustainable development in Rivers State-Nigeria. The study recommended amongst others that Policymakers and curriculum planners begin to think along the lines of integrating media literacy into the school curriculum. This will help students develop a holistic understanding of media and its impact on society.

The Bioaccumulation and Risk Assessment of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Aquatic Resources from K- Dere Shoreline, Rivers State, Nigeria

This research was designed to study the levels of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) in aquatic resources (Crab (Goniopsis cruentata), surface water and sediment) from K-Dere shoreline. Samples of sediment were collected intertidally. All samples were collected from six sampling stations, bi-monthly for a period of one year. Collected samples were transported to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Gas Chromatography was used to analyse total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in samples and data obtained were statistically analysed at p>0.05 using SPSS version 23. The mean concentration results obtained in surface water, sediment and biota across the stations were as follows; (590.75, 623.50, 451.17, 544.42, 674.67, 536.50mg/l) (8152.17, 6146.92, 44200.00, 4860.33, 2069.67and 5089.25mg/kg) and (131.5, 80.17,144.08, 109.08, 82.50, respectively. The mean concentration of TPH in sediment at station 1, 2 and 5 were above the intervention and permissible limit by the former DPR (2022). The ecological risk assessment was expressed in terms Bio-sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) and Pollution Index (PI) was calculated for the aquatic resources. PI showed that most chemical compounds of TPH were higher than 1, indicating high pollution from anthropogenic sources. The health risk assessment was expressed in terms of Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) indicating significant health risk, posing threat to human health of the locals. Further and histopathological studies should be carried out to determine the impact of TPH on biota. Shoreline Clean up should be implemented with post clean-up assessment.

Disruptive Technology and Firm Capability of Some Selected Oil and Gas Organizations in Rivers State Nigeria

Disruptive Technology and Firm Capability of Some Selected Oil and Gas Organizations in Rivers State Nigeria

Exploring the Effect of Leadership Styles on Financial Management Practices in Tertiary Healthcare Institutions in South-South Nigeria

Leadership in healthcare institutions has a significant effect on financial management practices, which are crucial for ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of service delivery. This study explores the effect of various leadership styles—autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, bureaucratic, transformational, and transactional—on financial management practices, specifically financial accountability and budgeting, in two tertiary healthcare institutions in South-South Nigeria: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Using a cross-sectional design approach, quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 195 participants from UPTH and 115 from RSUTH. The data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank-order correlation. The results revealed that at RSUTH, transformational and autocratic leadership styles positively influenced financial accountability, with transformational leaders fostering transparency and ethical practices, while autocratic leaders ensured compliance with financial standards. In terms of budgeting, democratic and transactional leadership styles were positively associated with budgeting practices at RSUTH, supporting inclusive and structured financial planning. At UPTH, laissez-faire and bureaucratic leadership styles unexpectedly showed positive correlations with budgeting, suggesting that decentralized decision-making and procedural rigor may encourage employee engagement in financial planning. These findings highlight the importance of adaptable leadership that balances compliance with collaborative and innovative approaches to financial management. The study concludes that healthcare institutions should prioritize transformational and democratic leadership styles, which promote transparency, accountability, and participatory decision-making. Implementing leadership development programs to equip leaders with adaptable skills based on situational needs is recommended. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of leadership styles on financial sustainability across diverse healthcare contexts.

Relationship between Body Mass Index and Prostate Specific Antigen among Community Men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: The prevalence of prostate cancer is increasing at a high rate in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The role of androgens, age and genetics are established worldwide. Among others, obesity, a consequence of Improvement in quality of life in the oil rich region, which has also been implicated in several conditions like diabetes, hypertension, depression, osteoarthritis and several other malignancies, could be a risk factor. Our aim in this study is to establish a relationship between BMI, an index of obesity and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a marker for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We carried out a community-based observational study in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The demographic, anthropometric and medical history of men, forty years and above who have lived in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria for over 15 years and who had no prior history of prostate cancer was taken. The BMI and the quantitative PSA of the participants were determined. The corelation of BMI and PSA was established. Results: A total of 583 respondents participated in the study. Mean age was 60.53 ±7.82. Mean BMI was 24.49 ±3.75. 18% of respondents were underweight, 53.3% were of normal weight, 35.3% were overweight and 7% were obese. The mean PSA was 4.12ng/ml, 84.5% had normal PSA, 15.5% had PSA greater than 4. There was a weak negative correlation between BMI and serum PSA with Pearson correlation of -0.010. Conclusion: This study shows a negative correlation between BMI and prostate cancer. In view of this inverse relationship between PSA and BMI it may be necessary to reduce the threshold for further evaluations like prostate biopsies in patients with high BMI. Additionally more specific diagnostic tools like ultrasound guidance during prostate biopsy may be helpful.

Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among biomedical students of Rivers State University

Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among biomedical students of Rivers State University

Assessing the impact of Niger Delta Development Commission interventions on road construction and economic activities in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, Nigeria

Road construction and maintenance are key interventions that support economic potential in the country. However, the deplorable state of some roads in Nigeria, and in Cross River and Akwa Ibom states draws research concerns. This paper seeks to examine the impact of the Niger Delta Development Commission Intervention on road construction and economic activities in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, Nigeria. Using the Sustainable Development Framework, a survey research design was employed, gathering data from 400 respondents across both states. The chi-square statistical technique was used to test the hypothesis that the Niger Delta Development Commission Intervention has no significant impact on road construction in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States. The result of the data analysis showed the calculated value X2 = 1592 > 16.92. By this result, the null hypothesis was rejected (16.92) at 0.05 level of significance and 9 Degrees of Freedom, and the alternate was accepted. The study concludes that NDDC road projects have positively influenced economic activities and livelihoods in the states. However, it highlights the need for further improvements, particularly on the Calabar-Itu federal highway.

Police Accountability and the Administration of Justice in Nigeria: A Case Study of Cross River State Command

The police are essential for maintaining law and order, yet they face frequent allegations of human rights violations in Nigeria. This study investigates the Cross River State Police Command, focusing on how their actions contribute to human rights abuses. Key objectives include exploring conditions in police custody, assessing the legal rights of suspects, and examining issues of unlawful arrests and detention. Utilizing Tom Tyler's Procedural Justice Theory (1990), the research employs a descriptive survey design, gathering qualitative data through interviews. Participants, including police officers, legal practitioners, and individuals who have experienced human rights violations in Cross River State, were selected through purposive and cluster sampling from three police stations across different senatorial districts. Data were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Findings reveal pervasive human rights abuses by the police, such as corruption, extortion, brutality, and excessive force, which have eroded public trust and impaired effective intelligence gathering. The study recommends enforcing accountability for corrupt practices and serious abuses like extrajudicial killings and torture, urging stringent legal consequences to dismantle the culture of impunity within the Nigeria Police Force. Received: 20 September 2024 / Accepted: 8 November 2024 / Published: 20 November 2024

Effect Of Social Media On Academic Performance Of Entrepreneurial Undergraduates In Rivers State Nigeria

Effect Of Social Media On Academic Performance Of Entrepreneurial Undergraduates In Rivers State Nigeria

Assessment of Microbial Contamination and Bacterial Characterization in Ready-to-Eat Fruits from Port Harcourt Markets, Nigeria

Food safety is critical in preventing foodborne illnesses, particularly in regions where regulatory oversight may be inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the microbial contamination and characterize bacteria found in whole and sliced ready-to-eat (RTE) fruits sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study area of this research was in Port Harcourt, the capital and largest city in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study employed a simple random sampling technique, and the methodology involved collecting 30 samples of apples, cucumbers, oranges, pawpaws, and watermelons from six markets: Fruit Garden Market, Mile 1 Market, Mile 3 Market, Oil Mill Market, Rumuokoro Market, and Town Market. Samples were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques, including total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC) and total coliform count (TCC). Serial dilutions and culturing were performed, and the isolates were identified through morphological and biochemical tests. Results indicated that coliforms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter spp were isolated, and the THBC varied significantly among the markets, with the highest contamination observed in Mile 3 Market (9.50 × 10⁴ CFU/ml) and the lowest in Town Market (7.27 × 10⁴ CFU/ml). TCC results showed the highest coliform contamination in Rumuokoro Market (5.16 × 10³ CFU/ml), likely influenced by proximity to unsanitary water sources. Watermelon had the highest contamination levels for both THBC and TCC, while cucumber showed the lowest. Variations in contamination levels were attributed to environmental factors, inadequate handling practices, and hygiene standards. The study concluded that RTE fruits sold in Port Harcourt pose significant health risks due to microbial contamination levels exceeding recommended safety thresholds. It emphasized the importance of stringent hygiene practices among vendors and better regulatory measures to prevent outbreaks. Recommendations include improved food safety training for vendors, stricter sanitation practices during handling and transportation, and regular monitoring by health authorities to ensure compliance with safety standards. Therefore, the study highlights health risks in consuming ready-to-eat fruits, supporting food safety improvements to reduce foodborne illnesses in Port Harcourt.

Psycho-social variable and cybercrime among library users in tertiary institutions in Cross River State Nigeria

Investigating cybercrime and the psycho-social variable among library users in tertiary institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria, was the aim of this study. Three objectives and research questions were developed to help the study accomplish its goal. The variables under investigation guided the completion of the literature review. For this study, a survey research design was chosen. For the study, a sample of five hundred and five (505) respondents was chosen. Purposive sampling was used in the selection process to guarantee that each faculty sample method was equally represented. This came to eight (8) tertiary institutions in all. 10% of the library's patrons were then chosen by accidently sampling them. A statistical analysis method called Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was used to evaluate the research ideas. Because of the characteristics of the variables included in the investigation, this statistical method was employed. Every hypothesis was tested using relative degrees of freedom and at the .05 level of significance. The analysis's conclusions showed a relationship between cybercrimes in tertiary institutions and self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and gender. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended among others that management should adopt and Implement Psychological Support Services, integrated emotional intelligence training services, and promote gender-sensitive cyber security initiatives in the library.

Non-Linear Models for Tree Aboveground Biomass and Volume Estimation in Agoi-Ibami Forest Reserve, Cross River State, Nigeria

Tree biomass and volume estimation based on allometric equations is a widely used non-destructive technique for estimating biomass, sequestered carbon, and volume worldwide. Non-linear models for the biomass and volume of individual trees in Nigeria's Cross River State's Agoi-Ibami Forest Reserve were fitted and validated in this study. In this study, two parallel lines transect of 1500 meters in length, separated by 500 meters, were established using the systematic line transects sampling method. Along each transect, ten sample plots, each measuring 50 m by 50 m, were placed alternately at 100 m intervals. Twenty sample plots in all were thus marked for the study. The estimation of biomass using a non-destructive method was used. To calculate the aboveground green biomass for each, the diameter at breast height and total height were employed. Agoi-Ibami Forest Reserve had a total value of 391N ha-1 for number of stem per hectare, 14 tree families, mean dbh of 26.04cm, height of 15.9m, and basal area of 50.21m2ha-1. Conversion factors were used to estimate stand biomass, carbon sink, and sequestered carbon dioxide (CO2). Non-linear models were fitted for volume and aboveground biomass estimation in the study area. All of the models were evaluated and validated using some assessment statistical criteria and residual graphs, and models with good fit were suggested for use. Curve Expert Software was used for the development of the non-linear regression models. According to the assessment criteria, the forest reserve's best non-linear volume and aboveground biomass models were the Ratkowsky, Weibull, and Logistic models. Fitted models should therefore be employed for the forest reserve's efficient and successful management.

Bee Farming As A Panacea For Poverty Alleviation In Obalinku Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Bee Farming As A Panacea For Poverty Alleviation In Obalinku Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Seasonal Variation of Air Pollutants Concentration around Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

With the rapid population growth and industrialization across developing countries in recent times, the release of air pollutants into the environment has drawn global attention to the health-related impact on humans. The study examined the seasonal variation of air pollutants concentration around Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Using areas such as Airport Road (AR), Rumuokoro (Rum) and Nigerian Port Authority (NPA), the air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM1, PM10, PM2.5), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Methane (CH4), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Carbon IV oxide (CO2) were assessed during wet season (June) and dry season (December) using Aeroqual 500 Multi-Gas Analyzer, with up-to-date calibration. At Rum, the NO2 (0.006ppm and 0.122pm) and SO2 (0.03ppm and 0.05ppm) were within the WHO-AQG, while the CO concentrations of 18ppm and 6ppm were above the WHO-AQG. H2S was undetected at all locations, and CH4 concentration was higher at AR (58ppm and 65ppm) than at other locations, while the detected O3 across the locations and seasons (AR-0.33ppm and 0.36ppm, Rum-0.48ppm and 0.31ppm, NPA-0.18ppm and 0.11ppm) are within the WHO-AQG. Particulate maters-PM1, PM10, and PM2.5 were detected across the locations and seasons, while the highest concentration was reported at Rum (21ppm and 29ppm, 55ppm and 65ppm, and 41ppm). The variation in air pollutants across the studied locations suggests the influence of similar sources or patterns based on anthropogenic actions or microclimate parameters. There is a need to develop monitoring mechanisms, regulations and enforcement measures for air quality management practices.

Spatial analysis of socio-demographic characteristics and stress management among female teachers in public schools in Rivers State: an intervention study

Spatial analysis of socio-demographic characteristics and stress management among female teachers in public schools in Rivers State: an intervention study

Toxic metal concentration and ecological risk assessment in surface water, soil sediment, and atmosphere in two selected creeks in Rivers State

Toxic metal concentration and ecological risk assessment in surface water, soil sediment, and atmosphere in two selected creeks in Rivers State