Viviparidae Research Articles

A Study on the Analysis of Visual Elements in River Snails Rice Noodle Brand Logo -Focusing on the Top 10 Brands in the China's Markets-

A Study on the Analysis of Visual Elements in River Snails Rice Noodle Brand Logo -Focusing on the Top 10 Brands in the China's Markets-

Effects of nanoplastic exposure routes on leaf decomposition in streams

Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) released from plastic products have been demonstrated to pose a threat to leaf litter decomposition in streams. Given the multitrophic systems of species interactions, the effects of PS NPs through different exposure routes on ecosystem functioning remain unclear. Especially dietary exposure, a frequently overlooked pathway leading to toxicity, deserves more attention. A microcosm experiment was conducted in this study to assess the effects of waterborne and dietary exposure to PS NPs on the litter-based food chain involving leaves, microbial decomposers, and detritivores (river snails). Compared to waterborne contamination, dietary contamination resulted in lower microbial enzyme activities and a significantly higher decrease in the lipid content of leaves. For river snails, their antioxidant activity was significantly increased by 20.21%–69.93%, and their leaf consumption rate was significantly reduced by 16.60% through the dietary route due to the lower lipid content of leaves. Besides, the significantly decreased nutritional quality of river snails would negatively influence their palatability to predators. The findings of this study indicate that dietary exposure to PS NPs significantly impacts microbial and detritivore activities, thus affecting their functions in the detritus food chain as well as nutrient cycling.

Characterization of odor-active compounds in Liuzhou River snail rice noodles soup by sensory-directed flavor analysis

Liuzhou River snails rice noodles, a special snack of Liuzhou City in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, possess a unique flavor of spicy, refreshing, fresh, sour, and hot. The present study aimed to characterize the composition of volatile compounds and key odor-active compounds in river snails rice noodles soup (RSRNS) through aroma extract dilution analysis and odor activity value calculation using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–O–MS) and gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry (GC–O–MS). A total of 71 volatile compounds were identified by GC–O–MS, of which 49 were odor-active. Meanwhile, 125 volatile compounds were identified by GC×GC–O–MS, of which 68 were odor-active. These results indicated that 3-methylbutanal, linalool, 1,8-cineole, myrcene, 2-acetylpyrazine, 4-allylanisole, 2-acetylthiazole, 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, and eugenol were the main odor-active compounds of RSRNS.

Preliminary investigation of microplastic contamination in river snails (Filopaludina martensi) in Eastern Thailand and evaluation of human exposure

Microplastic contamination in the aquatic environment is a growing environmental issue with implications for food safety concerns. This study investigated microplastics in river snails (Filopaludina martensi) obtained from local markets in the eastern province of Thailand. The study analyzed the abundance, shape, size, color, and polymer type of microplastics extracted from river snail tissue and estimated human intake of microplastics through river snail consumption. The results revealed that the average microplastic abundance was 88.63 ± 51.18 particles/g wet weight. The predominant microplastics were fibers and fragments smaller than 1.0 mm, with colors ranging from transparent-white. Polymer analysis indicated that river snails primarily contained polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Microplastics’ estimated annual intake (EAI) was significantly higher than the average in other countries. This suggests that humans may ingest microplastics through food consumption due to the biomagnification of microplastic accumulation in the food chain. Given this elevated level of human exposure to microplastics, there is an urgent need to develop policies to regulate the use, management, and disposal of plastic waste in Thailand.

Impacts of river snails rice noodle ingredients addition on the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion performances, microbial communities and metabolic pathways

With the rapid development of the river snails rice noodle industry, the treatment of the wastewater generated in the production of river snails rice noodle has attracted people’s attention. This study investigated the performance of the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste with river snails rice noodle ingredients, including key enzyme activities, microbial community distribution and metabolic pathways in the anaerobic reactor. The average chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies were 92.5% and 88.7% when 130 g and 260 g river snails rice noodle ingredients were added in the anaerobic reactor, respectively. Acetate kinase activity of the sludge decreased during anaerobic digestion, but increased at 35 °C on days 55. The river snails rice noodle ingredients inhibited the growth of Proteobacteria and the expression of methane metabolism. An increase in temperature promoted the presence of Bacteroidetes and Methanothrix (increased by 3.95% and 2.64% respectively). The later stage of experiment demonstrated an increase in the glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. It was illustrated that the addition of river snails rice noodle ingredients inhibited the processing capacity of the anaerobic digestion reactor, and the increase of operating temperature of anaerobic reactor alleviated the inhibition of higher content river snails rice noodle ingredients on anaerobic digestion process. It was provided valuable basic information for the future study of treatment of river snails rice noodle wastewater.

A new genus of river snails, Dalipaludina (Gastropoda, Viviparidae), endemic to the Yunnan Plateau of SW China

A new genus of viviparid snail, Dalipaludinagen. nov., from the Yunnan Plateau of China is described within an integrative taxonomic framework based on data from the mitochondrial COI marker and morphology. Dalipaludina can be distinguished from all other viviparid genera by a unique combination shell, operculum and radula characters. Four species are assigned here to the new genus, Dalipaludina delavayanacomb. nov., Dalipaludina oxytropoidescomb. nov., Dalipaludina occidentaliscomb. nov., and Dalipaludina pyramidellacomb. nov., and one species is newly assigned to Margarya, Margarya dianchiensiscomb. nov. The four species of Dalipaludina are allopatrically distributed in shallow water lentic habitats at high altitude regions of the Yunnan Plateau.

Nanomodified Concrete with Enhanced Characteristics Based on River Snail Shell Powder

The utilization of aquaculture waste, such as snail shells, is a severe issue. These shells are common in water-sources and are a by-product of sifting sand for masonry and concrete work. Calcium-rich river shells are of great interest for cement building materials. In this regard, the purpose of this article was to develop a nanomodified concrete with improved characteristics based on the powder of snail shells. Experimental studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the use of river shells in concrete without a decrease in strength characteristics and deterioration of other properties. It has been found that the optimal replacement by the snail shell powder that replaced cement is in the amount of 6%. By the nanomodification of concrete with the powdered shells of river snails, it was possible to achieve an increase in compressive strength up to 12%, axial compressive strength—up to 8%, tensile strength in bending—up to 9%, axial tensile strength—up to 11%, elastic modulus—up to 8%. Concrete nanomodification with snail shell powder in the amount of 6% contributed to a reduction of deformations of up to 7%. The study of the microstructure of concrete samples nanomodified with snail shell powder confirmed the obtained dependences of the cement’s properties on the nanomodifier dosage, as well as the most effective dosage of snail shell powder.

Heavy metals in Lake Yanaka, Japan, an artificial retarding basin established for remediation of heavy metals contamination in the Watarase River

BackgroundThe Watarase Retarding Basin (WRB) involving Lake Yanaka was established for the sedimentation of the heavy metals contaminating the Watarase River in 1989. The Ashio Copper Mine poisoning (ACMP) incident that occurred from the late 19th century to the 1970s caused serious heavy metal contaminations along the Watarase River. Since stopping the mining activity in 1973, the heavy metal concentration in the water of the Watarase River significantly decreased. MethodsTo see the status of the heavy metal contaminations in Lake Yanaka, water, sediments, and Japanese river snails (marutanishi) were analyzed by using ICP-MS. ResultsThe concentration of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the waters exhibited a good correlation (r>0.96) with the concentration of those in the sediments. The concentration of As, Cd, and Pb in the water was under the Standards for Protecting Human Health in Japan (<10 µg/L, respectively). Whereas heavy metal concentrations in sediments of Lake Yanaka were not decreased and remained in the same range as those of the Watarase River reported in 1984. The concentrations of As and Zn in the sediments of Lake Yanaka were beyond the regulation standards (<15 mg/kg for As and <120 mg/kg for Zn). Heavy metals were highly concentrated in the shells, intestinal organs, and muscles of marutanishi snails. The bioconcentration of the heavy metals comparatively reflected the concentration in the sediments rather than those in the waters. In particular, the concentration of the heavy metals in the shells exhibited a good correlation (r>0.98) with those in the sediments. Heavy metals were more concentrated in the internal organs than shells and muscles. ConclusionSince the institution of Lake Yanaka in 1989, the water and sediments of Lake Yanaka were newly brought from the Watarase River. Although heavy metal concentrations in the sediment did not change, those in the water decreased. The function for precipitating heavy metals of WRB seems to work and Lake Yanaka works as a reservoir of over-flowed water and sediment, which include heavy metals, of WRB. This study reminded us it would take a long term to remediate the environment from heavy metal pollution.

Population transcriptomics reveals the effect of gene flow on the evolution of range limits

One of the most important questions in evolutionary biology is how the spatial distribution of species is limited. Asymmetric gene flow from core populations is suggested to increase the number of poorly adapted immigrants in the populations at the range edge. Genetic load due to migration, i.e., migration load, should prevent adaptation to the local habitat, leading to decreases in distribution range via local extinction or the limiting range expansion. However, few experimental studies have examined the effects of immigration on fitness and natural selection within recipient populations. To investigate the influence of migration load on the evolution of distribution range, we performed field and laboratory observations as well as population transcriptomics for the common river snail, Semisulcospira reiniana. This species meets the conditions that migration from source populations can prevent local adaptation in a sink population because they inhabit the broader range of environments, including middle/upper reaches of a river and estuaries within a single river and they may be more vulnerable to being swept away by water currents due to lowered spontaneous (upward) locomotion activity. We found that river steepness was related to the lower distribution limit of S. reiniana, with a narrower distribution range in the steeper river. Population transcriptomic analysis showed that gene flow was heavily asymmetric from the upstream populations to downstream ones in the steep river, suggesting a greater migration load in the steep river. The number of genes putatively involved in adaptation to the local habitat was lower in the steep river than in the gentle river. Gene expression profiles suggested that individuals achieve better local adaptation in the gentle river. Laboratory experiments suggested that evolutionary differences in salinity tolerance among local populations were only found in the gentle river. Our results consistent with the hypothesis that migration load owing to asymmetric gene flow disturbs local adaptation and restricts the distribution range of river snails.

The neglected operculum: a revision of the opercular characters in river snails (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae)

ABSTRACT The morphological identification of many groups of gastropods is mostly based on shell morphology and genital structures. The value of opercular characters as taxonomic characters has so far been barely studied and evaluated. Here, the opercular characters of river snails (Viviparidae) have been revised systematically for the first time. Based on a morphological study of the opercula of 38 species of 25 viviparid genera, 16 newly defined opercular characters are shown to be useful for genus and species identification. A detailed diagnosis and description of opercular characters for each genus/species is given. One new generic assignment of a viviparid species is proposed based on this study, namely Cipangopaludina nagaensis n. comb.

Vogesella perlucida-induced bacteremia in an advanced-age patient: first case report

BackgroundVogesella species are common aquatic, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, originally described in 1997. Vogesella perlucida was first isolated from spring water in 2008. Furthermore, bacterial pathogenicity of Vogesella perlucida has never been reported. Here, we report the first case of rare Vogesella perlucida-induced bacteremia in an advanced-age patient with many basic diseases and history of dexamethasone abuse.Case presentationA 71-year-old female was admitted with inflamed upper and lower limbs, rubefaction, pain and fever (about 40 °C). She had been injured in a fall at a vegetable market and then touched river snails with her injury hands. A few days later, soft tissue infection of the patient developed and worsened. Non-pigmented colonies were isolated from blood cultures of the patient. Initially, Vogesella perlucida was wrongly identified as Sphingomonas paucimobilis by Vitek-2 system with GN card. Besides, we failed to obtain an acceptable identification by the MALDI-TOF analysis. Finally, the isolated strain was identified as Vogesella perlucida by 16S rRNA gene sequences. In addition, the patient recovered well after a continuous treatment of levofloxacin for 12 days.ConclusionTraditional microbiological testing system may be inadequate in the diagnosis of rare pathogenic bacteria. Applications of molecular diagnostics techniques have great advantages in clinical microbiology laboratory. By using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we report the the first case of rare Vogesella perlucida-induced bacteremia.

Mitochondrial genome of Cipangopaludina japonica (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) with a tRNA gene rearrangement

The mitochondrial genome of a freshwater snail, Cipangopaludina japonica from Nagoya, Central Japan was nearly completely sequenced. This genome encodes 37 genes as found in most other metazoan species. However, there was a changed order of tRNAGlu and tRNAGly genes, a unique feature that was not found in mitochondrial genomes of closely related river snails. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that C. japonica is more closely related to C. ussuriensis from Amur River than to any other Cipangopaludina species sequenced to date.

Global Diversification Dynamics Since the Jurassic: Low Dispersal and Habitat-Dependent Evolution Explain Hotspots of Diversity and Shell Disparity in River Snails (Viviparidae).

The Viviparidae, commonly known as River Snails, is a dominant group of freshwater snails with a nearly worldwide distribution that reaches its highest taxonomic and morphological diversity in Southeast Asia. The rich fossil record is indicative of a probable Middle Jurassic origin on the Laurasian supercontinent where the group started to diversify during the Cretaceous. However, it remains uncertain when and how the biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia was formed. Here, we used a comprehensive genetic data set containing both mitochondrial and nuclear markers and comprising species representing 24 out of 28 genera from throughout the range of the family. To reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of viviparids on a global scale, we reconstructed a fossil-calibrated phylogeny. We further assessed the roles of cladogenetic and anagenetic events in range evolution. Finally, we reconstructed the evolution of shell features by estimating ancestral character states to assess whether the appearance of sculptured shell morphologies was driven by major habitat shifts. The molecular phylogeny supports the monophyly of the three subfamilies, the Bellamyinae, Lioplacinae, and Viviparinae, but challenges the currently accepted genus-level classification in several cases. The almost global distribution of River Snails has been influenced both by comparatively ancient vicariance and more recent founder events. In Southeast Asia, Miocene dispersal was a main factor in shaping the modern species distributions. A recurrent theme across different viviparid taxa is that many species living in lentic waters exhibit sculptured shells, whereas only one strongly sculptured species is known from lotic environments. We show that such shell sculpture is habitat-dependent and indeed evolved several times independently in lentic River Snails. Considerably high transition rates between shell types in lentic habitats probably caused the co-occurrence of morphologically distinct shell types in several lakes. In contrast, directional evolution toward smooth shells in lotic habitats, as identified in the present analyses, explains why sculptured shells are rarely found in these habitats. However, the specific factors that promoted changes in shell morphology require further work. [biogeographical analyses; fossil-calibrated phylogeny; fossil-constrained analyses; Southeast Asia; stochastic character mapping.].

РОЛЬ РАЗЛИЧИЙ ТРЕМАТОДНОЙ ИНВАЗИИ САМЦОВ И САМОК ЖИВОРОДОК (MOLLUSCA, GASTROPODA, VIVIPARIDAE) ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ПОЛЕСЬЯ В СОХРАНЕНИИ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ИХ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ

РОЛЬ РАЗЛИЧИЙ ТРЕМАТОДНОЙ ИНВАЗИИ САМЦОВ И САМОК ЖИВОРОДОК (MOLLUSCA, GASTROPODA, VIVIPARIDAE) ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ПОЛЕСЬЯ В СОХРАНЕНИИ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ИХ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ

Age and size characteristics of alien mollusks Viviparus viviparus L. in the coastal thanatocoenosis of Novosibirsk reservoir

Viviparus viviparus L. is the most numerous alien species of the Novosibirsk reservoir. In some parts of the reservoir V. viviparus creates settlements with a very high density. After the death of mollusks in the bottom sediments and on the banks of the reservoir, large areas of accumulation of empty shells are formed. Due to their strong structure, the shells are poorly decomposed and can serve as a generalized indicator of the state of the mollusk population over a long time. We analyzed the size and age characteristics of the V. viviparus shells in thanatocenoses of the Novosibirsk reservoir coast. Empty shells of river snails were collected on the shores of the middle (near the village of Chingis, Ordynskoye and in the Karakansky Bay) and the lower (near the village of Borovoye, Bystrovka, Leninsky and in the Berdsky Bay) parts of the Novosibirsk Reservoir in May, 24–26, 2018. Shells height and width were measured with an electronic caliper with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Age of mollusks was determined by the marks of a winter growth stop on the shell. It is shown that in the thanatocenoses of the middle part and in the bays of the reservoir, shells of young mollusks (the second and third years of life) prevailed. In the lower part of the reservoir, the coastal thanatocoenosis contained larger shells of adult mollusks (fourth and fifth years of life). In general, the most of V. viviparus individuals in the Novosibirsk reservoir die before they reach the age limit. It is suggested that the premature death of most river snails can be caused by significant seasonal fluctuations in the water level of the reservoir, during which the littoral is drained.

Lead accumulation in some snails used as food at Huong river, Hue city

In Hue City, several river snails are popularly processed into dishes. However, former studies have proved that this group of animals can accumulate heavy metals in their bodies at much higher levels than in the external environment, making them harmful to consumers&amp;rsquo; health. Results indicated that lead contents in four species including Belaya filosa, Sulcospira proteu, Pomacea canaliculata, and Pila conquered exploited in Huong river for use as food exceeded the permitted level issued by The Ministry of Health (QCVN 8&amp;shy;2 : 2011/BYT). The human health risk assessment for lead exposure showed high potential risks to consumers. The risk quotation (RQs) is higher than one suggested that it is unsafe to consume these snails.

Репродуктивний потенціал калюжниць (Mollusca, Viviparidae) Українського Полісся

Репродуктивний потенціал калюжниць (Mollusca, Viviparidae) Українського Полісся

Notes on Congregating Fireflies (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) of Binsulok River, Sabah

A brief survey on congregating fireflies of Binsulok River was conducted on September 9 and 16, 2017. Altogether nine sampling stations were selected among the display trees of Rhizophora apiculata. Water quality parameters were also recorded close to each sampling station. This is the first record where all five Pteroptyx species recorded in Sabah were found in a single area on one species of display tree. P. bearni was the predominant species sampled with 33 male individuals, followed by P. tener (5 males), P. valida (5 males), P. gelasina (2 males) and P. malaccae (1 male). In terms of water quality, only water pH (which was mostly acidic, mean pH 4.51 ± 0.03), and low dissolved oxygen (D.O., mean 3.36 ± 0.64 mg/L), can be considered as not suitable for aquatic life, which could contribute to the decreasing population of fireflies, as larvae of fireflies feed on river snails. An aerial survey of the area by a drone showed that there was some encroachment and land use change from its original mangrove forest. However, these results could not be quantifiable but this survey suggested that the land usage could contribute to the decline in firefly population.

Trophic transfer of citrate, PVP coated silver nanomaterials, and silver ions in a paddy microcosm.

We used replicated paddy microcosm systems to estimate the tropic transfer of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNP citrate), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated AgNP (AgNP PVP), and silver ions (AgNO3) for 14 days under two exposure regimes (a single high-dose exposure; 60 μg L-1 and a sequential low-dose exposure at 1 h, 4 days and 9 days; 20 μg L-1 × 3 = 60 μg L-1). Most Ag ions from AgNO3 had dispersed in the water and precipitated partly on the sediment, whereas the two Ag NPs rapidly coagulated and precipitated on the sediment. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of Ag from AgNPs and AgNO3 in Chinese muddy loaches and biofilms were higher than those of river snails in both exposure conditions. These BCFs were more prominent for 14 days exposure (7.30 for Chinese muddy loach; 4.48 for biofilm) in the low-dose group than in the single high-dose group. Their retention of AgNPs and Ag ions differed between the two exposure conditions, and uptake and elimination kinetics of Ag significantly differed between AgNP citrate and AgNP PVP in the sequential low-dose exposure. Stable isotopes analyses indicated that the trophic levels between Chinese muddy loaches and biofilms and between river snails and biofilms were 2.37 and 2.27, respectively. The biomagnification factors (BMFs) of AgNPs and AgNO3 between Chinese muddy loaches and biofilms were significantly higher than those between river snails and biofilms under both exposure settings. The BMFs of AgNP citrate and AgNO3 between Chinese muddy loaches and biofilms were greater than those of AgNP PVP for 14 days in the single high-dose group, whereas the BMFs of AgNP PVP were greater than those of AgNP citrate and AgNO3 in the sequential low-dose group. These microcosm data suggest that AgNPs have the potential to impact on ecological receptors and food chains.

Trophic transfer of nano-TiO2 in a paddy microcosm: A comparison of single-dose versus sequential multi-dose exposures

In the present study, replicated paddy microcosm systems were used to investigate the environmental fate and trophic transfer of titanium nanoparticles (NPs) over a period of 14 days. Most TiO2 NPs immediately settled down in the sediment, and high accumulations of nano TiO2 in the sandy loam sediment and biofilm were observed. The test organisms (quillworts, water dropworts, duckweeds, biofilms, river snails, and Chinese muddy loaches) and environmental media (freshwater, sandy loam sediment) were exposed to sequential low doses (2 mg/L at 1 h, 4 days, and 9 days) or a single high-dose (6 mg/L) of TiO2 NPs. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of nano-TiO2 in biofilms, quillworts, duckweeds, and Chinese muddy loaches were higher in the sequential multi-dose group than in the single-dose group. Chinese muddy loaches showed higher bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) over their prey than river snails. The difference in the carbon isotope ratios between Chinese muddy loaches and river snails was less than 2‰, and an approximately 4‰ difference in the stable nitrogen isotope ratio was observed in the two aquatic predators from their major prey (e.g., biofilms or particulate organic matter). The trophic levels between biofilms and river snails and between biofilms and Chinese muddy loaches were 2.8 and 2.4 levels, respectively. These results indicate that these two predators consumed biofilm and other alternative preys at a higher level than biofilm. Although the trophic transfer rates of TiO2 are generally low, relatively higher biomagnification factors (BMFs) were found in Chinese muddy loaches (0.04–0.05) than in river snails (0.01–0.02). These results suggest that TiO2 NPs show greater movement in the sediment than in the water and that TiO2 NPs can be retained through aquatic food chains more after a sequential low-dose exposure than after a single high-dose exposure.