River Park Research Articles

The Influence of Vegetation Environment on Thermal Experience in Hot Summer: A Case Study from Perspectives of Fitting Scale and Gender Disparity

Vegetation exerts a significant cooling effect, particularly during the hot summer; however, the spatial scale effects and gender difference among occupants’ subjective thermal comfort remain elusive. Developing a comprehensive model to elucidate the multidimensional relationship between green spaces and thermal experience holds paramount importance. Taking Longzi River Park in Zhengzhou city as a case study, this research examined the influence of vegetation on thermal experience by using structural equation modeling (SEM) from perspectives of fitting scale and gender disparities. It was found that (1) The vegetation environment not only influences thermal sensation, comfort and demand independently, but also influences the pathway between them. These influence paths constitute a complex causal network, functioning as a framework of “sensation → comfort → demand” and its influencing factors. (2) There exists a scaling effect in the pathway framework, which conforms to a threshold of 10 m for the inner radius and 30 m for the outer radius. The goodness of SEM model fit declines with the increase in either the inner radius or the outer radius, or both. (3) Differences in genders are exhibited for the pathway framework, with the vegetation exerting a stronger influence on female sensation and comfort, as well as male demand. The pathway from sensation to comfort to demand is more pronounced in male populations. The research findings contribute to the development of improved and sustainable vegetation distribution in urban parks.

STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN MIKROALGA DI SUNGAI MARGASATWA RAGUNAN SEKITAR KANDANG BUAYA

Microalgae are microscopic unicellular organisms that have varying sizes, shapes, and types, have photosynthetic pigments, are photoautotrophic, and are found in aquatic environments. Microalgae have certain limits of tolerance to water chemical physics factors. The presence of microalgae in water can be used as an indicator of the state of the water. This study aims to identify the diversity of microalgae as an indicator of the water quality present in the river around the Ragunan Margasatwa crocodile cage. Sampling was done in the Ragunan Margasatwa Park river near the crocodile cage. Samples of macroalgae are visually identified and include morphology, color, shape, and other characteristics. Based on the observations, it can be concluded that the river ecosystems around the crocodile cages are under low ecosystem pressure. The diversity index generally has a range of values between 1.5 and 4, and lower values reflect increasing ecosystem instability. The lowest microalgae density was found at station 1, which is 120 ind/ml. Individuals with the highest density at station 2, the species Aphanothece sp. with a density value of 293.3 ind/mL.

A Study on the Application of Miao Culture in Regional Landscape Design

Pingbian Muyang River Park is located in the core area of Dishui Miao City, Pingbian Miao Autonomous County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with a construction area of about 93000 m2. By rational planning and layout of space, reorganizing the original site relationships, and using the “Miao Culture Active Museum” as the theme of park design, we aim to create a unique Miao culture space, allowing people to experience the charm of ethnic culture and the uniqueness of regional landscapes, as if wandering between Miao culture museums in the park. Utilize elements such as water bridge culture and Miao culture in the Pingbian area to create local characteristic landscapes, and summarize the methods of using Miao culture to create regional landscapes. Integrating theory with practice, designing a regional landscape space that embodies the cultural charm of the Miao ethnic group, integrating leisure sightseeing, tourism experience, and health and entertainment. After its completion, the park received widespread attention and recognition from all sectors of society. In 2018, it was successfully declared a national AAAA scenic spot and provided reference and inspiration for landscape design in Yunnan’s ethnic areas.

River parks typology: A case study of river parks in Kalimantan

The aim of this research is to fill in the theoretical gaps regarding the typology of river parks, seen based on the shape and location of parks in relation to rivers, with a case study of parks on the island of Kalimantan. The typology of river parks will open new advanced research opportunities in the field of river park research. The method used is qualitative, with a field observation approach (primary) in twenty-seven parks on the river, field survey observations were carried out, and database (secondary) observations in fifteen parks on the river border were carried out through Google Street View “Big Data Base Analysis” (GSV). As a result, the typology of parks on rivers can be seen based on the shape and location of the park on the river, so that it is divided into three park typologies, namely the first typology of parks on rivers, the second typology of parks on riverbanks, and the third typology of parks bordering rivers. These three typologies are subdivided into eight form variants which are divided based on the potential point of view of the river, adaptation of the park design to the physical nature of the river, functional use of the banks and borders.

Eavesdropping on wastewater pollution: Detecting discharge events from river outfalls via fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing

Wastewater discharge from outfall pipes can significantly impact river water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Effective outfall monitoring is critical for controlling pollution and protecting public health. This study demonstrates a novel distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) approach for detecting wastewater discharge events from outfall pipes located along rivers. Controlled field experiments were conducted in an industrial park river to systematically evaluate DAS performance. DAS detects vibrational signals imparted to suspended fiber-optic cables by turbulent wastewater flows, predominantly within 10–30 Hz, enabling continuous monitoring along entire river lengths. Vibrational power analysis locates outfalls with meter-level accuracy, while time–frequency techniques discern discharge timing and characteristics. Cable type and outfall–fiber separation influence on detection capability was assessed. Thermoplastic-jacketed tight buffer cables optimized detection through enhanced vibrational coupling. Vibrational energy decreased exponentially with separation, highlighting benefits of proximal deployment for sensitivity. However, detection range scales with discharge flow rate. Frequency centroid proved a robust feature with potential for automated discharge identification. Overall, DAS enables high spatiotemporal resolution monitoring to pinpoint concealed outfalls minimally invasively. This positions DAS as a promising tool supporting improved water governance through early pollution warnings and rapid source localization via outfall vibrational signatures emanating across river networks.

Drowning incidents in urban rivers: An underestimated issue with future challenges in need of an interdisciplinary database to characterise its epidemiology

In recent decades, the recreational use of urban rivers has become popular, and public access to riverbanks has improved. However, in the context of global warming, the risk of drowning in urban rivers may increase. The objective of this study is to examine drownings in the Rhone and Saone rivers in Lyon (France) and to identify risk factors, hot spots and high-risk moments using an environmental database.A total of 386 fatal and non-fatal drownings occurred in Lyon on the Rhone and Saone rivers between 2015 and 2021. The analyses identify that, universally, most drowning victims are men (68 %) and young adults (37 %). More drownings occur in the summer period (45 %). There are also hot spots near the city centre and in urban river parks. Three types of drownings are characterised by using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) methods. These groups are distinguished by hydrological and meteorological conditions, as well as by the seasonality and circumstances of the incident. The first group (G1) corresponds to drownings that occur on cold winter days, with high water flows and turbidity. The second group (G2) corresponds to drownings that resulted from bridge jumping in a festive context or a challenge between friends. These drownings occur on autumn days with interesting hydrological conditions (low flow and clear water). The last group (G3) groups together drownings that occurred while a victim is swimming in an unsupervised area. These drownings occur during the summer on very hot days. Finally, a multiple logistic regression method showed that the average daily outdoor temperature was positively correlated with the occurrence of drowning in Lyon (p < 0.05) and that daily rainfall was negatively correlated with the occurrence of drowning (p < 0.05).

River Park Assessment: 2D Hydraulic Watercourse Modeling for Nature-based Solutions in Urban Area

Over time, fragmentation of semi-natural habitats in urban areas has become a pressing concern, disrupting ecological processes within cities. The focus on preserving open ecosystems has grown, highlighting the need to enhance resilience in urban riverside areas for effective ecosystem restoration. Comprehensive studies on river valleys, considering both hydrology and ecology, play a crucial role in urban river ecosystem development. Our article explores the potential of protective zones with urban vegetation and watercourses as Nature-based Solution within Krakow's ongoing riverine park system development. The study's cross-sections in the River Park area revealed dominant velocities ranging from 0.67 to 2.0 m s-1for SWQ (mean annual maximum flow) and below 0.67 m s-1for Q1% (1% annual exceedance probability flow). The hydrological analysis accurately captured the natural river bed channels' curvature, providing the basis for a two-dimensional mathematical model to visualize the hydraulic structure of protected sites. Integrating water and greenery management systems in urban areas offers significant potential for adapting to climate change, mitigating extreme weather events. Our research's novelty lies in applying 2D hydraulic modeling, demonstrating how River Parks can serve as climate change mitigation solutions in urban environments.

The Juazeiro River Park as an Alternative for Conservation and its Socio-Environmental Implications

Objetivo: Compreender a transformação provocada pela construção do Parque Fluvial de Juazeiro-BA, em uma Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) urbana do Rio São Francisco. Referencial teórico: As matas ciliares apresentam vários benefícios para a manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico, contudo elas vêm sendo degradadas, sobretudo as que estão localizadas em áreas urbanas. Dessa forma, os parques fluviais são considerados uma alternativa para promoção da recuperação das matas ciliares localizadas em áreas de APP urbanas. Metodologia: Esta pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa e foi realizada uma revisão da literatura. Para tanto, foram consultados, livros, artigos científicos e sites. Os artigos foram selecionados através da base de dados do Google Acadêmico e SciELO. Resultados e conclusões: Os dados apontam implicações decorrentes da implementação do parque fluvial da cidade como estratégia de recuperação da área de APP urbana. Além disso, são sugeridos direcionamentos para a manutenção da sua conservação. Implicações da pesquisa: A pesquisa contribuiu ao destacar os significados materiais e imateriais do Rio São Francisco na economia, abastecimento de água, agricultura, bem como para a cultura, lazer e identidade da cidade de Juazeiro-BA. Além do mais, é ressaltada a necessidade de ações para a sua conservação. Originalidade/valor: Os resultados desta pesquisa são inéditos e relevantes para a comunidade científica, trazendo dados que ajudam a ampliar a compreensão da APP urbana na qual o Parque Fluvial de Juazeiro-BA foi construído. Além disso, esta é a primeira pesquisa científica proveniente de uma dissertação acerca das implicações socioambientais da implementação do parque fluvial da cidade.

(Post)socialist Meontopolitics

This article deals with the analysis of what has been constructed as a double modernization of Belgrade, during the socialist (1945–1991), and postsocialist periods (1991–), as well as the environmental consequences these processes on the left and right side of the Sava River between the Branko’s ridge and the Gazela Bridge. The area is significant because of the spaces of socialist-, and postsocialist modernizations: the Sava River Park, and the Belgrade Waterfront, which sit directly across each other. In both cases, modernization has entailed meontopolitics – an introduction of non being into the existing relationality through territorial fragmentation, production of conflict zones and intensification of space use. Each period and its kind of modernization assumed destruction of local non-human environments as their condition of possibility leading to (post)socialist necroecologies, a historically produced environmental condition inimical to some human and non -human actors as the defining feature of the environmental condition of both socialist-, and contemporary Belgrade.

Park station design in the context of cultural tourism integration

AbstractThis project is the design of the tourism service station in the coastal park, which not only meets the basic functional requirements of the park service station but also reconfigures the station space with the regional cultural characteristics of Qingdao. The design process is mainly conceived in five aspects: locality, landscape, identity, symbolization, and diversification. It integrates the cultural characteristics of Qingdao coastal tourism with the park landscape to create a tourist rest space with diversified experiences. The purpose of this paper is to explore the interface between the stations' design and the various links of the cultural tourism industry chain. The project will be created as the “Window of Qingdao” in Baisha River Park.

Landscape engineering and aesthetics approaches to design a community garden: Social activity zones appraisal in the envisaged Drwinka River Park (Kraków, Poland)

As cities are developed in line with sustainable development, space needs to be efficiently utilized. A balance must be achieved between investment sites and naturally active areas in order to shape the urban environment. In the public city, green spaces represent an indisputable element and are essential. An urban greenery plan is an essential component of a city's economic development. In recent years, spatial planning has been gaining government attention, particularly green development. Responsible management of these spaces is essential. However, urban foliage management appears to be a challenge for local authorities. In a spatial development plan, new greenery may be created, destroyed green spaces should be renovated, or brownfields must be repurposed. The purpose of this paper is to present a coherent concept for reclaiming the estate in Krakow, focusing especially on landscaping the Riverside Park. The design will create a friendly space that can be used by residents for rest and meetings, as well as enhance aesthetics and quality of life. Parks and community gardens are listed as strategic components for equipping the city with public spaces for meetings and recreation as well as other activities.

The Social, Economic, and Ecological Drivers of Planning and Management of Urban River Parks

Urban rivers deliver a broad range of contributions of nature to human development. The exploitation of the riverine ecosystem services evolves with uncertainty. In addition to the current decreasing of ecosystem health and changing climate, the impact of societal development on the river system directly reduces the potential delivery of future ecosystem services. What are the drivers of the design of urban river parks and what upcoming challenges will need to be addressed? This paper presents the results of an ex-post-analysis and comparative analysis of planning orientations of two urban river parks, the Isar River in Munich (Germany) and the American River in Sacramento (U.S.). The contribution describes the evolution of the urban rivers based on planning strategy, identifies drivers of changes and discusses the upcoming challenges for urban river parks that need to be addressed in the short and long term. The contribution shows that urban river park designs occur in a larger context of human demographic, technological, and economic changes. The contribution does not intend to solve the very complex and urgent challenges the case study sites face but rather to highlight research needs to support adaptation strategies.

Effectiveness of infrared thermography for delamination detection in reinforced concrete bridge decks

This paper presents findings of delamination detection using infrared thermography (IRT) in five in-service bridges using an unmanned aerial vehicle system. The authors have used semantically segmented IRT images to evaluate IRT's effectiveness in detection of deck delamination for the first time. Using an adaptive image processing-based model, sub-surface delaminations were detected by optimizing all user-defined parameters in the model, including threshold values to convert the enhanced IRT images to a binary image. The optimization process has been done selecting iterating the user-defined parameters and their effect on the interaction of a set of sigmoid curves representing the model's performance metrics. The 2-clustered (Park river median and Park river south bound bridges) and 3-clustered (Park river north-bound, Forest river north-bound, Forest river south-bound) threshold values ranged from 0.365 to 0.380 and 0.459 to 0.486, respectively, and yielded to an average accuracy of 69% for delamination detection. The effect of different parameters on the value of the performance metrics were investigated and analyzed including the ambient wind speed and depth of delamination during data collection. The optimized delamination detection model was shown to be superior to a delamination detection using the conventional unsupervised K-nearest neighbor clustering technique.

GALERI SENI DAN BUDAYA DAYAK KALIMANTAN BARAT

Art and culture were born from human civilization. Humans must of course maintain and preserve the arts and culture inherited from their ancestors. A pattern of thought is needed so that art and culture are maintained and developed. In West Kalimantan, especially the Dayak tribe, they have various artistic and cultural potentials with the emergence of various agendas in the life of the Dayak group. This paper aims to create a recreational and educational forum that represents the agenda of Dayak art and culture. The method used in designing the West Kalimantan Dayak art and culture gallery in Kubu Raya Regency consists of various stages such as the idea stage to the stage of collecting data related to the required design needs. The result of the design of the West Kalimantan Dayak art and culture gallery in Kubu Raya Regency is a single building with the basic form of a long house and an area that represents the environment of the Dayak tribe through forest and river parks with the main function of the gallery and supporting facilities in it. The West Kalimantan Dayak art and culture gallery area displays the functions of promotion, education, recreation, and information that is able to support various arts and presents various distinctive reflections on Dayak architecture in West Kalimantan.

Scrutinise the variations of glaciers and their climatic attributions in the Sanjiangyuan National Park during 1969–2018

Since 2020, the first national park of China, the Sanjiangyuan National Park (Park) has been put into operation in China. This Park is one of the most vulnerable regions to the rapid climate change in the Tibetan Plateau. There have not been any investigations into the current status of the glacier resources in the Park so far. This study reported the first summary of the glaciers in the Park at present and their variations since the 1960s. The data used here come from the two Chinese Glacier Inventories finished during 1969–1970 and 2006–2010, respectively, and the remote-sensing images during 1985–1990, 1995–2000 and 2018. The total glacier area in the Park is 772 km2 to our best estimate, much less than 2342 km2 reported in the first Chinese Glacier Inventory published in 2009. The shrinkage rate of the glaciers in the Yangtze River Park (a sub-park) had slowed from −0.37% per year during the 1970s to −0.09% per year during 2002–2012 in area, while that in the Lancang River Park had sped up from −0.34% per year during 1968–2000 to −0.67% per year during 2000–2018. There are no glaciers in the Yellow River Park (a sub-park). The change in the glaciers was related to the regional relatively rapidly warming and insufficient mass supply from precipitation. The geographic features of the glaciers in the Yangtze and Lancang Parks also lead to their different change extents, most of which happened at 5500 m a.s.l. and below.

On the comparative use of social media data and survey data in prioritizing ecosystem services for cost-effective governance

The ecosystem services (ES) provided by urban parks are critically important for urban sustainability, but their performance evaluation needs to be further enhanced for cost-effective park governance. Importance-performance analysis (IPA) can prioritize ES performance, but most ongoing IPA studies are based on surveys with limited scalability. The recent upsurge of social media data (SMD) offers new data sources and research opportunities in varied realms. However, there is a prominent research gap on SMD’s capacity in ES prioritization compared to surveys considering data advantages and limitations. Based on Pearl River Park and Yunxi Ecological Park in Guangzhou, China, this study explores the similarities and differences in satisfaction and importance characteristics, and IPA results of perceived ES based on both SMD and survey data. This study found that SMD can fully prioritize ES relevant to public welfare but only partially to personal welfare. There are consistent IPA results for all ES relevant to public welfare through both data sources. IPA results of the ES relevant to personal welfare demonstrate varied conclusions through the two data sources: some (aesthetic service, physical and mental recovery, and religion) are similar, but the rest are different (recreational service, social interaction, and education). The consistency is mainly because some ES have similar experiences to most users, while the difference is affected primarily by different user groups. SMD directly reflects users' feedback to varied ES. While survey data can cover more extensive user groups, detailed classification is necessary for analysis. By distinguishing different IPA results for different ES from two data sources, this study offers methodological insights for ES assessment and other related urban studies. It also has methodological and practical significance for the realization of urban social-environmental justice and human well-being.

ADVANCES IN OPTICAL POLARIZATION REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE OBSERVATION: A CASE STUDY IN NANCHANG RIVER PARK

Abstract. Marine observation is a worldwide challenge, which implicates for a large number of social, economic and scientific problems. Satellite remote sensing provides incredible convenience for marine observation, and remote sensing techniques with different wavelength range have been developed for scientific use related to oceanography, among of which optical polarization remote sensing is a rapidly growing field in the recent decade. Although some attempts have been made about utilizing optical polarization technique for marine observation, the potential of optical polarization remote sensing is far from being fully released and the current skills of optical polarization image processing are too coarse to extract deep information from raw images. In our experiment at Nanchang river park, three application scenarios are selected to illustrate advances in optical polarization remote sensing for marine observation, specifically including sun-glint observation, phytoplankton monitoring and coastal topography mapping. A baseline for optical polarization image processing is established for marine observation and the advantages of optical polarization technique are assessed qualitatively and quantitatively, proving that: For marine observation, optical polarization remote sensing can reduce overexposure rate, enhance dynamic range, depict subsurface phytoplankton and map coastal topography.

Relative Effectiveness of Four Different Guards In Preventing Beaver Cutting of Urban Trees

Beavers are expanding into cities as they recolonize their historic range. While they increase the ecological functioning of urban green areas, human-beaver conflicts occur. Public support to deal with conflicts has shifted from population to forage control. Tree guards are becoming popular with management personnel in North America and Europe to reduce damage to valuable trees. The problem is that this management technique has not been studied. We inventoried the tree guard types in use in natural and manicured river parks in the City of Saskatoon, Canada, determined their adherence to an installation protocol by measuring guard dimensions, and assessed the relative effectiveness of guards in protecting trees from beaver cutting. The inventory revealed that four types of tree guards are in use, ranging from light gauge chicken wire to heavy gauge chain link fencing. Overall, 11% of the trees with guards that we inventoried were cut by beavers, but variation among guard types was observed. Less than 10% of trees with type i and ii guards were beaver cut whereas 17% of trees with types iii and iv guards were beaver cut. Fewer trees were cut when there was adherence to installation protocol, regardless of guard type. Cut trees with guard types i, iii and iv experienced both minor and major damage whereas cut trees with guard type ii experienced only minor damage. The study results have implications for developing effectiveness and implementation monitoring plans for tree guards as part of an overall beaver management plan.

Spatial Structure of an Urban Park System Based on Fractal Theory: A Case Study of Fuzhou, China

The rationality and efficiency of the spatial structure of an urban park system are critical in building a livable urban environment. Fractal theory is currently treated as the frontier theory for exploring the law of complex systems; however, it has rarely been applied to urban park systems. This study applied the aggregation, grid and correlation dimension models of fractal theory in Fuzhou, China. The spatial structure and driving factors of the urban park system were analyzed and an innovative model was proposed. The evidence shows that the spatial structure of the park system has fractal characteristics, although self-organization and optimization have not yet been fully formed, revealing a multi-core nesting pattern. Moreover, the core is cluster of four popular parks with weakening adsorption, and the emerging Baima River Park is located at the geometric center, which is likely to be further developed. The system structure is primarily driven by geographical conditions, planning policies, and transportation networks. Against this backdrop, an innovative model for the park system was proposed. The central park has heterogeneity and synergistic development, relying on the kinds of flow which can lead to the formation of a park city, a variation of a garden city. At the regional scale, relying on the geographical lines, the formation of a regional park zone could be realized. These findings provide new perspectives to reveal the spatial structure of urban park systems. The information derived can assist policy makers and planners in formulating more scientific plans, and may contribute to building a balanced and efficient urban park system.

The 30m-NDVI-Based Alpine Grassland Changes and Climate Impacts in the Three-River Headwaters Region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1990 to 2018

The response of long-term vegetation changes and climate change has been a hot topic in recent research. Previously, a Landsat-based fusion model was developed and used to produce a dataset of normalized vegetation index (NDVI) for the Three-River Headwater region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with a spatial resolution of 30 m and the time spanning the nearly 30 years from 1990 to 2018. In this study, the NDVI was applied to an analysis of the spatial and temporal changes in the alpine grassland and the impacts from climate change using the Theil-Sen Median method and linear regression. The results showed that: (1) The regional mean NDVI was 0.39 and showed a spatial pattern of decreasing from the southeast to the northwest in the recent three decades. Among the three parks, the Lancang River Park had the highest NDVI (0.43), followed by the Yellow River Park (0.38) and Yangtze River Park (0.23). (2) An upward trending was found in the NDVI time series at a rate of 0.0031 yr–1 (R2 =0.62, P < 0.01) over the whole period of 1990–2018. The increasing rate (0.00649 yr–1, R2 =0.71, P < 0.01) in the latter period of 2005–2018 was nearly 2.3 times of that (0.00284 yr–1, R2 =0.31, P < 0.01) in the previous period of 1990–2005. In the latest periods, the three parks experienced rates that were 2.3 to 63 times the corresponding values in the early period. (3) The NDVI is correlated more positively with temperature than precipitation. The impacts of climate change decreased along with the coverage fraction from the higher, median and then lower levels. The climate change can explain 34% of the variability in the NDVI time series of the areas with a higher fraction of grassland coverage, while it was 31% for the median fraction and 20% for the lower fraction. This study is the first to use the 30 m NDVI dataset spanning nearly 30 years to analyze the spatial and temporal variability and climate impacts in the alpine grasslands of the Three-River Headwater region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results provide a basis for assessments on the ecological management effects and ecological quality based on long-term baseline data with a higher spatial resolution.