Risk Of Health Disorders Research Articles

Correlation of Ship Sanitation with Cockroach Density on Motor Vessel Docked in Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya

Abstract: Based on data from Port Health Offi ce Class I Surabaya in 2012, 42 (1.66%) of 2.521 ship that were inspected was found vectors. Sanitation assessment data were found cockroach in July 2015, 9 (4.20%) of 214 ships, in August 15 (8.02%) of 187 ships, and in September 16 (8.88%) of 180 ships. Meanwhile Kepmenkes 431/2007 states that all water transportation have to be clean from vector and rodent. The objective of this study was to analyze correlation between ship sanitation and cockroach density. The design of this study was cross sectional. Samples was 30 ship that were docked at Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya in October 2015. Sampling method was using accidental sampling. Data were obtained by questionnaire and observation Data were analyzed with Spearman correlation test. The result showed that 40.00% had high risk of health disorder and 91.67% of 40.00% was found high cockroach density There was a signifi cant correlation between ships sanitation and cockroach density. Not only all bins were not equipped with lid and water resistant materials but also poor personal hygiene of food handlers. It can be concluded that there was a correlation between ship sanitation and cockroach density. It is suggested to improve and maintain ship sanitation by equipping all of bins with lid and water resistant material and by increasing the personal hygiene of food handlers.Keywords: vessel sanitation, cockroach density, motor vessel

EVALUATION OF THAI STYLE STRETCHING EXERCISE ON “RUESI DUD TON” ON PHYSICAL HEALTH AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEER

Despite the health benefit reputation of Thai stretching exercise &#34Ruesi dud ton&#34, no scientific evidence is available. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of Thai style stretching exercise on physical health and oxidative stress markers including Malondialdegyde (MDA) level and the activities of main scavenger enzymes including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px). We had determined the effect of 2-month Ruesi dud ton exercise on physical health of healthy volunteer using battery test comprising of zig zag running, hand grip strength, 1 min abdominal curl up, 30 sec. push up and sit and reach tests. In addition, the body composition, BMI, skinfold thickness and the alteration of oxidative stress markers including the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzymes and the level of MDA in serum were also evaluated every month throughout the experimental period and at 1 month after the cessation of exercise. Our data showed the enhanced capacity of zig zag running test in male practitioner more than female practitioner. We also found the elevation of scavenger enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px and the reduction of MDA in female practitioner while the elevation of GSH-Px activity was the only parameter observed in male practitioner. Therefore, our results suggested that Thai style stretching exercise or Ruesi dud ton could enhance agility in male practitioner and improved oxidative stress homeostasis in female practitioner. Thai style stretching exercise can be implemented to the training program of male athletes. Moreover, it can also be implemented to improve oxidative stress in female who exposed to various risks of health disorders related to oxidative stress. However, further researches are still essential.

Associations of subclinical hypocalcemia at calving with milk yield, and feeding, drinking, and standing behaviors around parturition in Holstein cows

The objectives of this study were to describe the associations of subclinical hypocalcemia with milk yield, and feeding, drinking, and resting behavior during the period around calving. Blood was sampled within 24h of calving and analyzed for serum total calcium. Fifteen Holstein dairy cows were classified as having subclinical hypocalcemia (serum calcium concentration ≤1.8mmol/L, without clinical milk fever) and were matched with 15 control cows (serum calcium concentration >1.8mmol/L) based on parity and presence of other diseases. Daily feeding and drinking behavior were monitored using an electronic feeding system (Insentec, BV, Marknesse, the Netherlands) and summarized by week relative to calving (wk −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, and +3). Standing behavior was monitored from 7 d before until 7 d after calving using dataloggers. Daily milk yields were obtained for all cows up to 280 d in milk (DIM). These data were summarized by week for the first 4 wk of lactation to assess short-term differences in milk yield, and were summarized into 4-wk periods to assess long-term (280 DIM) differences in milk yield between groups. Cows with subclinical hypocalcemia produced, on average, 5.7kg/d more milk during wk 2, 3, and 4 compared with control cows; however, only subclinically hypocalcemic cows in their third lactation sustained greater milk yields throughout 280 DIM. Despite greater milk yield during the weeks following calving, cows with subclinical hypocalcemia did not consume more water after calving and tended to have greater dry matter intake only during wk 2. However, these animals made fewer visits to the water bins during the first 2 wk after calving and tended to make fewer visits to the feed bins during wk 1 and 3, suggesting that they used these resources more efficiently. Dry matter intake was, on average, 1.7kg/d greater during wk −2 and −1 among cows subsequently diagnosed with subclinical hypocalcemia compared with control cows but neither group was lactating during this period. Cows with subclinical hypocalcemia stood for 2.6h longer during the 24-h period before parturition, which may suggest these animals experience increased discomfort at calving; these cows spent 2.7h less time standing during d +1. Although milk yield was greater among cows with subclinical hypocalcemia, this study controlled for the confounding effects of disease incidence; these results do not refute previous research that associates subclinical hypocalcemia with an increased risk for health disorders. The mechanisms by which subclinical hypocalcemia is associated with behavior and production require further investigation.

P2-427 Body mass analysis in primary school age children in Latvia

IntroductionThe prevalence of excessive and insufficient body mass in children is increasing worldwide according to epidemiologic researches. There is a risk of health disorder with the fluctuation of body mass.AimTo...

Utility of the Actiheart Accelerometer for Estimating Exercise Energy Expenditure in Female Adolescent Runners

There is a growing need to accurately assess exercise energy expenditure (EEE) in athletic populations that may be at risk for health disorders because of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The Actiheart combines heart rate and uniaxial accelerometry to estimate energy expenditure above rest. The authors' purpose was to determine the utility of the Actiheart for predicting EEE in female adolescent runners (N = 39, age 15.7 ± 1.1 yr). EEE was measured by indirect calorimetry and predicted by the Actiheart during three 8-min stages of treadmill running at individualized velocities corresponding to each runner's training, including recovery, tempo, and 5-km-race pace. Repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons across the 3 running stages indicated that the Actiheart was sensitive to changes in intensity (p < .01), but accelerometer output tended to plateau at race pace. Pairwise comparisons of the mean difference between Actiheart- and criterion-measured EEE yielded values of 0.0436, 0.0539, and 0.0753 kcal × kg-1 × min-1 during recovery, tempo, and race pace, respectively (p < .0001). Bland-Altman plots indicated that the Actiheart consistently underestimated EEE except in 1 runner's recovery bout. A linear mixed-model regression analysis with height as a covariate provided an improved EEE prediction model, with the overall standard error of the estimate for the 3 speeds reduced to 0.0101 kcal × kg-1 × min-1. Using the manufacturer's equation that combines heart rate and uniaxial motion, the Actiheart may have limited use in accurately assessing EEE, and therefore energy availability, in young, female competitive runners.

Effect of Feeding Yeast Culture on Performance, Health, and Immunocompetence of Dairy Calves

Objectives were to determine effects of feeding a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance, health, and immunocompetence of calves in the first 70 d of age. Holstein calves (n=512) at 2±1 d of age were randomly assigned to yeast culture (YC, 218 females and 37 males) or control (223 females and 34 males). Yeast culture was fed at 2% of the grain dry matter. All calves received colostrum during the first 24h, pasteurized milk thereafter until 60 d of age, and grain was fed ad libitum for the first 70 d of age. Calves were housed in individual hutches, and grain intake was measured 5 d/wk. Body weight was measured at 5, 30, and 68 d of age, and attitude and fecal consistency were scored daily. Incidence and duration of health disorders and treatments were recorded. Neutrophil phagocytic and killing activities and antibody response to immunization with ovalbumin were measured. Concentrations of glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate were measured in plasma. Grain intake did not differ between treatments and averaged 908g/d throughout the study. Body weight change, concentrations of glucose, and 3-hydroxybutyrate did not differ between YC and control. Minor effects on neutrophil function were observed, and YC tended to increase the number of phagocytized bacteria and killing of phagocytized bacteria but did not influence humoral immune response. Attitude scores were similar between treatments throughout the study. Almost all calves experienced mild diarrhea during the study, but feeding YC improved fecal scores, reduced days with watery feces, incidence of fever and diarrhea, and risk of health disorders. Because of the high incidence of diarrhea, mortality preweaning was also high, but YC improved survival of calves by decreasing mortality rate past 13 d of age. Income at the end of the study was improved by $48/calf with YC. Feeding yeast culture in grain improved health, minimized frequency of health treatments, and reduced risk of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves.

Natural genetic variation in lycopene epsilon cyclase tapped for maize biofortification.

Dietary vitamin A deficiency causes eye disease in 40 million children each year and places 140 to 250 million at risk for health disorders. Many children in sub-Saharan Africa subsist on maize-based diets. Maize displays considerable natural variation for carotenoid composition, including vitamin A precursors alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin. Through association analysis, linkage mapping, expression analysis, and mutagenesis, we show that variation at the lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE) locus alters flux down alpha-carotene versus beta-carotene branches of the carotenoid pathway. Four natural lcyE polymorphisms explained 58% of the variation in these two branches and a threefold difference in provitamin A compounds. Selection of favorable lcyE alleles with inexpensive molecular markers will now enable developing-country breeders to more effectively produce maize grain with higher provitamin A levels.

Clinical Disorders in Holstein Cows: Incidence and Associations among Lactational Risks Factors

Clinical Disorders in Holstein Cows: Incidence and Associations among Lactational Risks Factors