Risk Of Anemia Research Articles

Determinants of Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia among Pregnant Women in Gambia: A Multivariate Analysis using DHS Data

Background Anemia is a prevalent public health concern in The Gambia and other developing nations. While previous studies relied on binary logistic regression, the Multinomial Survey Logistic Regression Model was developed to address complexities in survey design, including sampling weights, stratification, and clustering. Multiple Imputation with Chained Equations (MICE) was employed to address missing data in variables such as anemia level, contraceptive use, and malaria drug intake during pregnancy. Aim/Objective This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors of anemia among pregnant women across eight local government areas in The Gambia. The research focuses on Kanifing, Kuntaur, Mansakonko, Kerewan, Janjanbureh, Basse, Brikama, and Banjul. Given the limited research on anemia among pregnant women in The Gambia, there is a need for further investigation into this topic. Methods MICE were utilized to address missing data due to their validity in handling uncertainty. This method generates multiple reasonable datasets for imputation and analyzes them accurately. A survey logistic regression model was employed to assess data fitness, considering the complex sample design. Anemia levels were measured among 11,865 pregnant women aged 15 to 49 using a systematic questionnaire. The multinomial survey logistic regression model was utilized to account for sampling weights, stratification, and clustering, relaxing the premise of observation independence violated by conventional logistic regression. Results The study involved 11,865 expectant mothers, revealing mild, moderate, and severe cases of anemia with a prevalence of 44.6%. Factors associated with anemia included place of residence, local government area, contraceptive use, age, literacy level, and current pregnancy status. Conclusion Socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors significantly impact anemia levels among reproductive women in The Gambia. Addressing factors such as place of residence, local government areas, contraceptive use, literacy level, and current pregnancy status is crucial in mitigating anemia risk. Government initiatives, such as improving access to sanitation facilities and offering free check-ups, could effectively address this public health concern.

Exploring Associations and Mediating Factors between Multiple Trace Metals with Anemia in US Adults: Insight from NHANES 2017-2020.

Anemia significantly contributes to the global disease burden, with its incidence potentially influenced by the trace metal content within the body. This study aims to examine the associations between trace metals and anemia risk, with a particular focus on investigating the potential mediating roles of iron status and inflammation in these associations. Five trace metals (Ni, Co, Mn, Se, and Mo) were examined in 1274 US adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020. The individual and combined effects of these metals on anemia were assessed using logistic regression, quantile g-computation (QGC), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). A sex-stratified analysis was conducted to discern any gender-specific susceptibilities. Additionally, mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential mediating roles of iron status and inflammation in the associations between these metals and anemia. Increased risks of anemia were positively associated with Co and Ni levels but negatively correlated with Se and Mn levels (all with p < 0.05). The trace metal mixture was negatively associated with anemia, with the highest weights of Co and Se in different directions in both the QGC and BKMR models. In the sex-specific analysis, we observed less pronounced protective effects from trace metals in females. Moreover, the mediating proportion of the iron status and inflammation in these relationships ranged from 10.29% to 58.18%. Our findings suggest that the trace element mixture was associated with decreased anemia risk, among which Se was a protective factor while Co was a risk factor, and females were more susceptible. The effects of these trace metals on anemia may be mediated by the iron status and inflammation.

Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6-23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural Ethiopia.

Low- and middle-income countries shoulder the greatest burden of stunting and anaemia in children. This calls for prompt and effective intervention measures, while the contributing factors are not fully understood. This study evaluates determinants spanning from individual-, household- and community levels including agroecology and antinutrients as unique sets of predictors. Primary data were collected from 660 rural households representing the midland (ML), highland, and upper highland (UHL) agroecological zones from northern Ethiopia. The study relates several predictors to stunting and anaemia in children aged 6-23 months. We found 49.1% and 49.7% of children were stunted and anaemic, respectively. Children living in the ML are approximately twice more likely to be stunted adjusted odds ratio (AOR: 1.869; 95% CI: 1.147-3.043) than in the UHL. The risk of stunting increases by 16.3% and 41.9% for every unit increase in phytate-to-zinc and phytate-to-iron molar ratios, respectively. A 10% increase in mean aggregated crop yield was observed to reduce the likelihood of stunting occurrence by 13.6%. Households lacking non-farm income-generating opportunities, travel longer time to access the marketplace and poor health service utilisation were associated with increased risk of stunting. Low diversity of child's diet, age of the child (18-23 months) and mothers at a younger age are significantly associated with stunting. Risk of anaemia in children is high amongst households with unimproved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, younger age (6-11 months) and mostly occurs amongst boys. Children in the ML had a 55% reduced risk of being anaemic (AOR: 0.446; 95% CI: 0.273-0.728) as compared to the UHL. Therefore, the influence of these factors should be considered to tailor strategies for reducing undernutrition in children of 6-23 months in rural Ethiopia. Interventions should go beyond the administrative boundaries into targeting agroecological variation.

Pre- and Postnatal Vitamin A Deficiency Impairs Motor Skills without a Consistent Effect on Trace Mineral Status in Young Mice

Pregnant women and children are vulnerable to vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which is often compounded by concurrent deficiencies in other micronutrients, particularly iron and zinc, in developing countries. The study investigated the effects of early-life VAD on motor and cognitive development and trace mineral status in a mouse model. C57BL/6J dams were fed either a vitamin A-adequate (VR) or -deficient (VD) diet across two consecutive gestations and lactations. Offspring from both gestations (G1 and G2) continued the same diets until 6 or 9 weeks of age. Behavioral assays were conducted to evaluate motor coordination, grip strength, spatial cognition, and anxiety. Hepatic trace minerals were analyzed. A VD diet depleted hepatic retinoids and reduced plasma retinol across all ages and gestations. Retracted rear legs and abnormal gait were the most common clinical manifestations observed in VD offspring from both gestations at 9 weeks. Poor performance on the Rotarod test further confirmed their motor dysfunction. VAD didn’t affect hemoglobin levels and had no consistent effect on hepatic trace mineral concentrations. These findings highlight the critical role of vitamin A in motor development. There was no clear evidence that VAD alters the risk of iron deficiency anemia or trace minerals.

Anaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in pregnant women in Ghana

Background/Aims Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency worsens the risk of anaemia and complicates gestation and birth if poorly managed. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with anaemia and this deficiency in pregnant women. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 pregnant women at the Cape Coast Metropolitan Hospital, Ghana. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between anaemia and various sociodemographic variables. Results The prevalence of anaemia was 41.2% at 13 weeks' and 66.7% at 36 weeks' gestation. Overall, 29.8% of participants were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient. Age (P=0.024)and marital status (P=0.009) were significantly associated with anaemia at 13 weeks. Gravidity (P=0.014) and employment status (P=0.001) were significantly associated with anaemia at 36 weeks. Conclusions There was a high prevalence of co-morbid anaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency at 13 and 36 weeks' gestation. Future studies should consider genetic and dietary factors that may contribute to gestational anaemia. Implications for practice Clinicians and midwives should be aware of the factors that can affect anaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, particularly in areas where deficiency is prevalent. Early detection could allow individualised treatment.

Micronutrient intake and status in young vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians, and omnivores.

Whether youth who follow plant-based diets in Nordic countries meet their dietary needs for micronutrients remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate micronutrient intake and status in Norwegian youth following vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian, flexitarian and omnivore diets. Cross-sectional design, with healthy 16-to-24-year-olds (n = 165). Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and four 24-hour dietary recalls. Dried blood spots (DBS) and spot-urine samples were collected for analysis of methyl malonic acid (MMA) (n = 65), haemoglobin (Hb) (n = 164) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (n = 163). Vegans reported highest habitual supplement usage of multivitamin (58%), B12 (90%) and macroalgae consumption (32%), while flexitarians reported highest habitual usage of omega-3 supplements (56%). For daily supplement usage, vegans reported highest use of multivitamins (42%), B12 (79%), iodine (37%) and iron (63%). Increased risk of inadequate intake (energy-adjusted) were found for vitamin D (60% within lacto-ovo-vegetarians), selenium (70% within lacto-ovo-vegetarians, 65% within omnivores), and iodine (63% within vegans). Median MMA levels suggest low risk of insufficient B12 status across all groups (MMA 0.04‒0.37µmol/l) and 2% had MMA levels indicating possible B12 deficiency and 8% had elevated levels. Median Hb levels indicated low risk of anemia across all groups (≥ 12.0 females, ≥ 13.0g/dl males), though 7% had Hb values indicating risk of mild anemia and 4% risk of moderate anemia. The median UIC indicates mild iodine deficiency in all groups (UIC < 100µg/l), except vegans, who were moderately iodine deficient (UIC < 50µg/l). Our study indicated that the participating youth had low risk of inadequate intake of most micronutrients, partly due to high supplement usage. However, for iodine, vitamin D, and selenium higher risk of inadequate intake was found. UIC corroborated the low iodine intake among vegans. Thus, we suggest iodine status of youth in Norway should be monitored, especially among young fertile women who omits dietary iodine sources, until a mandatory iodine fortification program is implemented. Furthermore, we suggest that food education on how to secure sufficient nutrients from food in general should be provided to the Norwegian youth population, especially how to secure adequate intake of vitamin D, selenium and iodine.

Enhancing referral practices: A bariatric department's education initiative to reduce unnecessary referrals to hematology oncology.

82 Background: Bariatric surgery patients face an elevated risk of iron deficiency anemia. Referrals from the Bariatric department to Hematology Oncology for work up of these anemias strain clinic resources and delay timely care for cancer patients. We initiated a targeted education program to reduce unnecessary referrals from the Bariatric department to Hematology Oncology by raising awareness among staff about appropriate referral criteria. Methods: We developed a curriculum highlighting the differences between symptoms of bariatric surgery complications and hematologic malignancies. Interactive training sessions were held with Bariatric department staff, supplemented by informational materials. Case studies and real-world examples reinforced understanding and decision-making. Staff were also educated on managing iron deficiency anemia internally. Referral rates were tracked before and after the intervention. Results: Baseline data were collected from July 2023 to November 2023, showing an average of 17 referrals per month (85 total over 5 months). The educational initiative included three sessions in December 2023 on anemia management and referral criteria. These sessions highlighted the distinction between symptoms of bariatric complications and hematologic malignancies, as well as education to the bariatric surgery providers on management of hematologic diagnoses resulting from bariatric surgery. Post-intervention data from January 2024 to May 2024 showed a substantial reduction in referrals for bariatric-related iron deficiency anemias to an average of 4.4 referrals per month (22 total over 5 months), indicating a 74% reduction. Improved internal management of iron deficiency anemia contributed to this outcome. The percentage of cancer patients receiving a consult within 7 days of referral contemporaneously improved from 85.7% to 88.1%, indicating improved access to oncology care. Conclusions: The educational intervention significantly reduced unnecessary referrals from the Bariatric department to Hematology Oncology, improving access for cancer patients. Empowering staff with the knowledge to make informed referral decisions and manage common hematologic issues internally improved patient care and clinic efficiency, reducing healthcare costs and patient burden in both departments.

Costs and benefits of routine labs in hospital patients: iatrogenic anaemia and undiagnosed acute kidney injury

ImportanceGuidelines recommend avoiding unnecessary laboratory tests to minimise risks of anaemia in hospitalised patients as well as reduce costs, but there are costs to skipping routine labs including missing acute...

Red cell size factor is a sensitive index in the early diagnosis of nondigestive tract cancer-related anemia: An observational study.

Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is a common comorbidity in cancer patients, and it can lead to a worse prognosis. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the clinical value of the red cell size factor (Rsf) in the early diagnosis of nondigestive tract CRA. A total of 231 patients with nondigestive tract solid cancer were included, and they were divided into anemic and nonanemic subjects according to the hemoglobin (Hb) levels. A BC-7500 blood analyzer was used to detect the indices of red blood cell and reticulocyte, and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean reticulocyte volume (MRV), reticulocyte hemoglobin (RHE) content, and reticulocyte production index were observed. Subsequently, the Rsf was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the identifying power of Rsf for anemia diagnosed by the combination of RHE and reticulocyte production index. The adjusted-multivariate analysis and quartiles were used to assess the relation of reduced Rsf level with the risk and incidence of anemia diagnosed by combining the MCV, MCH, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), respectively. Rsf levels showed no statistical differences between anemia and nonanemia subjects grouped by Hb (P > .05). Rsf has a high correlation with the RHE level (R > 0.900, P < .001), or MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCHC in anemia patients (r: 0.435-0.802, P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that Rsf had the highest overall area under curve of 0.886 (95% confidence interval: 0.845-0.927) in identifying anemia of cancer patients (P < .001). When the optimal cutoff values of Rsf were set at 97.05 fl in males and 94.95 fl in females, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.76, and 0.98 and 0.75, respectively. Being treated as a categorical variable, Rsf had a highest odds ratio value of 30.626 (12.552-74.726; P < .001) for the risk of anemia. The increment of Rsf quartiles was highly associated with the decreased incidence of overall anemia (P trend < 0.001). The study suggests that decreased Rsf level is a potentially powerful predictor of overt anemia in nondigestive tract cancer, and it can be used as a convenient, practical, cost-free, and sensitive index in early diagnosis of nondigestive tract CRA.

Terrestrial Animal Source Foods and Health Outcomes for Those with Special Nutrient Needs in the Life Course.

Background. Animal source foods are under scrutiny for their role in human health, yet some nutritionally vulnerable populations are largely absent from consideration. Methods. Applying a Population Intervention/Exposure Comparator Outcome (PICO/PECO) framework and prioritizing systematic review and meta-analyses, we reviewed the literature on terrestrial animal source foods (TASFs) and human health, by life course phase. Results. There were consistent findings for milk and dairy products on positive health outcomes during pregnancy and lactation, childhood, and among older adults. Eggs were found to promote early childhood growth, depending on context. Unprocessed meat consumption was associated with a reduced risk for anemia during pregnancy, improved cognition among school-age children, and muscle health in older adults. Milk and eggs represent a risk for food sensitivities/allergies, though prevalence is low, and individuals tend to outgrow the allergies. TASFs affect the human microbiome and associated metabolites with both positive and negative health repercussions, varying by type and quantity. Conclusions. There were substantial gaps in the evidence base for studies limiting our review, specifically for studies in populations outside high-income countries and for several TASF types (pig, poultry, less common livestock species, wild animals, and insects). Nonetheless, sufficient evidence supports an important role for TASFs in health during certain periods of the life course.

A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study Assessing the Incidence of Anemia in Patients Associated With Uterine Fibroids.

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus, typically during a woman's reproductive years. A substantial proportionof women with uterine fibroids exhibit symptoms, including menorrhagiathat considerably compromise theirquality of life. This study aims to characterizethe fibroid subtype most commonly associated with the incidence ofanemia. This retrospective multi-center cohort study investigated the incidence of anemia in premenopausal women who were diagnosed with uterine fibroids between January 2016 and December 2022. Fibroid position, size, location, and number were assessed by trans-abdominal/vaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy and correlated to the pre-treatment hemoglobin level. Three-quarters of patients (n=6) with submucosal fibroid presented with any form of anemia followed by 59.3% (n=115) of patients with intramural fibroid and only 36.8% (n=25) of patients with sub serousal fibroid. Interestingly, there was no difference between the groups with regard to the severity of anemia at presentation. Most red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin (Hb) indices were comparable between the groups, except for mean corpuscle volume (MCV) as it was significantly lower in patients with intramural fibroids. Moreover, our investigations showed that the submucosal fibroids tend to present in a higher number as well as the biggest in size. The multivariable logistic regression showed that subserosal fibroids are associated with the lowest risk of developing anemia. In conclusion, our results suggest that the occurrence of anemia should always be considered in women with submucosal fibroids. However, after adjusting for other contributing factors such as menorrhagia, submucosal fibroid did not show an increase in the risk of anemia.

Anemia, blood cell indices, genetic correlations, and brain structures: A comprehensive analysis of roles in Parkinson's disease risk

IntroductionAnemia may contribute significantly to the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD). Current research on the association between anemia and PD risk is inconclusive, and the relationships between anemia-related blood cell indices and PD incidence require further clarification. This study aims to investigate the relationships between anemia, blood cell indicators, and PD risk using a thorough prospective cohort study. MethodsWe used data from the UK Biobank, a prospective cohort study of 502,649 participants, and ultimately, 365,982 participants were included in the analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to adjust for confounding factors, aiming to thoroughly explore the associations between anemia and blood cell indices with the risk of incident PD. The interaction between anemia and Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for PD was also examined. Linear regression and mediation analyses assessed potential mechanisms driven by brain structures, including grey matter volume. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 14.24 years, 2513 participants were diagnosed with PD. Anemia considerably increased PD risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.98, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.81–2.18, P < 0.001) after adjustments. Those with high PRS for anemia had an 83 % higher PD incidence compared to low PRS participants. Sensitivity analyses confirmed result robustness. Linear regression showed that anemia correlated with grey matter volumes and most white matter tracts. Furthermore, mediation analyses identified that the volume of grey matter in Thalamus mediates the relationship between anemia and PD risk. ConclusionIn summary, we consider there to be a substantial correlation between anemia and increased PD risk.

Whole Blood Donor Iron Management Across Europe: Experiences and Challenges in Four Blood Establishments

Whole blood donors lose iron while donating and frequent blood donation is therefore known to induce a risk of iron deficiency and/or anemia. In this review we present, compare and discuss the pros and cons of 4 distinctive donor iron management strategies in England, Finland, the Netherlands, and Denmark. Donor iron management policies in the countries concerned are described for the year 2021, and data on donor and donation numbers, low hemoglobin (Hb) deferral rates and Hb levels are presented. In England Hb levels were only measured in donors failing a copper sulphate test, while in the other 3 countries Hb is measured at every donation. In Finland, donors considered at risk of iron deficiency receive iron supplements, while in the Netherlands, ferritin-guided donation intervals without iron supplementation are in place. In Denmark, iron supplementation is provided to donors with low ferritin levels. Low-Hb deferral rates and average Hb levels are quite similar across the included countries, with the exception of higher deferral rates in England. To conclude, despite significant diversity in donor iron management approaches, low Hb deferral rates and average Hb levels are similar among the included countries except for England, where higher deferral rates were observed that are likely attributed to the absence of iron supplementation or ferritin-guided deferral. Achieving an optimal, more tailored iron management strategy requires further research and a nuanced understanding of both donor demographics and physiological responses to optimize the effectiveness and safety of blood donation practices.

The increased tendency for anemia in traditional Chinese medicine deficient body constitution is associated with the gut microbiome.

Constitution is a valuable part of traditional Chinese medicine theory; it is defined as the internal foundation for the occurrence, development, transformation and outcome of diseases, and has its characteristic gut microbiota. Previous study showed that deficiency constitution was related to lower Hb counts. However, no research has examined how alterations in the gut microbiome induced by deficiency constitution may increase the tendency for anemia. We used a multiomics strategy to identify and quantify taxonomies and compounds found under deficient constitution individuals and further explore the possible pathological factors that affect red blood cell indices. ① People with deficient constitution showed lower hemoglobin (Hb), more Firmicutes, less Bacteroidetes, and higher α diversity. ② We identified Escherichia coli, Clostridium bolteae, Ruminococcus gnavus, Streptococcus parasanguinis and Flavonifractor plautii as potential biomarkers of deficient constitution. ③ Slackia piriformis, Clostridium_sp_L2_50 and Bacteroides plebeius were enriched in balanced-constitution individuals, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii was the key bacterial marker of balanced constitution. ④ Flavonifractor plautii may be a protective factor against the tendency for anemia among deficient individuals. ⑤ Ruminococcus gnavus may be the shared microbe base of deficiency constitution-related the tendency for anemia. ⑥ The microorganism abundance of the anaerobic phenotype was lower in deficient constitution group. ⑦ Alterations in the microbiome of deficient-constitution individuals were associated with worse health status and a greater risk of anemia, involving intestinal barrier function, metabolism and immune responses, regulated by short-chain fatty acids and bile acid production. The composition of the gut microbiome was altered in people with deficient constitution, which may explain their poor health status and tendency toward anemia.

The costs of implementing anaemia reduction interventions among women fish processors in Ghana

BackgroundAnaemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) remains persistently high in Ghana, affecting 41% in 2022. Women in low-income communities in Ghana engaged in fish processing activities are at increased risk of anaemia due to inadequate diets, exposure to infectious pathogens, and pollutants. The Invisible Fishers (IFs) project was implemented among women fish processors in their reproductive age in Central and Volta regions of Ghana to mitigate anaemia. Despite the efficacy, feasibility and scalability of the intervention, the cost of implementing the intervention is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the costs of implementing the IFs project in Ghana.MethodsWe used micro-costing approach to analyse the costs of implementing the IFs project. Data were collected as part of a pilot randomized control trial with three interventions: Behaviour Change Communication (BCC), Strengthening Market Engagement of fish processors plus Behaviour Change Communication (SME + BCC), and Fish Smoking Technology and Practices plus Behaviour Change Communication (FST + BCC). The interventions were delivered to 60 women fish processors in the Central region and 60 in Volta region. The cost of the intervention was estimated from the societal perspective. Economic costs were categorized as direct costs (i.e. personnel, transportation, meetings, training, and monitoring) and indirect cost (i.e. value of productive time lost due to women and community volunteers’ participation in the activities of the IFs project).ResultsThe FST + BCC had the highest average cost per beneficiary (US$11898.62), followed by the SME + BCC (US8962.93). The least expensive was the BCC (US$4651.93) over the intervention period of 18 months. Recurrent costs constituted the largest component of economic costs (98%). Key drivers of direct costs were personnel (58%), administrative expenses (14%), and transportation (7%).ConclusionThere is a high cost for implementing interventions included in the IFs project. Planning and scaling -up of the interventions across larger populations could bring about economies of scale to reduce the average cost of the interventions.

META ANALYSIS: EFFECT OF FOOD DIVERSITY, TEA OR COFFEE CONSUMPTION ON ANEMIA IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Background: The prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls in the world is 29.60%, and in Indonesia is 32%. A number of primary studies reveal various determinants that contribute to the occurrence of anemia in adolescent girls. Purpose: To analyze the results of primary studies related to consumption patterns (food diversity and tea/coffee consumption) and the occurrence of anemia in adolescent girls. Methods: The research design was a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal sources from three databases (Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Scopus) using Publish or Perish software with keywords using boolean operators and featured with PRISMA. Inclusion criteria were full text from 2013 to 2022, articles in Indonesian or English language, cross-sectional studies, and the population was adolescent girls, using multiple logistic regression analysis with adjusted odds ratio. The study obtained nine articles from 11,421 articles identified. Data analysis using Rev.Man 5.4. Results: The prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls was 30.83% (95% CI: 15.71-45.95). Food diversity (SMD=1.87; 95% CI=0.88-3.97; P-value=0.10) and tea or coffee consumption (SMD=2.46; 95% CI=1.15-5.27; P-value=0.02) influence the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. Conclusion: Low food diversity and tea or coffee consumption increase the risk of anemia in adolescent girls. Implementing balanced nutritional guidelines to prevent anemia is recommended.

Prevalence, Predictors, and Treatment Outcomes of Anemia in Vietnamese School-Age Children With Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Background A growing number of studies suggest that anemia caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is prevalent in developing countries. A combination of H. pylori eradication and iron supplementation may be effective intreating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) caused by H. pylori infection. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of anemia in Vietnamese school-age children infected with H. pylori Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to April 2024 involving 112 dyspeptic children from 5 to 16 years old who were admitted to Can Tho Children's Hospital, Vietnam. H. pylori infection was diagnosed with a positive histopathology combined with a rapid urease test. A bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent variables associated with anemia in H. pylori-infected children. Results The prevalence of anemia and IDA (iron deficiency anemia) amongH . pylori-infected children were 28.6% and 53.1%, respectively. The risk factor for anemia was age group from 11 to 16 years of age (OR: 3.24; CI 95%:1.21- 8.70). Iron supplementation (OR: 0.14; CI 95%:0.03 - 0.66) and periodic deworming (OR: 0.29; CI 95%: 0.10-0.89) were protective factors against anemia. After H. pyroli eradication and iron supplementation, all hematological parameters were increased among 32 anemic patients. Hemoglobin increased from 9.9 ±2.1 to 11.9±2.1 g/dL (p<0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased from 25.1 ± 4.1 to 28.0 ± 3.3 pg (P=0.003), and ferritin (IQR) increased from 16.7 (9.5-45.2) to 27.0 (15.1-47.0) µg/L (p<0.001). Conclusion Anemia in Vietnamese school-age children infected with H. pylori is prevalent. Taking iron supplements and periodic deworming reduces the risk of anemia. H. pylori eradication therapy plus oral iron supplementation will improve iron status in H. pylori-infected children.

Red Cell Distribution Width and its Association with Maternal Mortality in HIV-Infected Pregnancy

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), a measure of the variability in red blood cell size, has gained attention for its role in diagnosing and predicting outcomes in various medical conditions. In the context of HIV-infected pregnancies, RDW may serve as a significant marker for assessing maternal health and predicting complications. This review explores the association between RDW and maternal mortality in HIV-positive pregnant women, highlighting how fluctuations in RDW can indicate underlying issues such as anemia, inflammation, and the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Elevated RDW levels may correlate with increased risk of adverse outcomes, making it a potentially valuable tool in managing HIV-infected pregnancies. HIV infection complicates pregnancy by increasing the risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and anemia, all of which can contribute to maternal mortality. RDW, by reflecting red blood cell variability, offers insights into these complications and the overall impact of HIV on maternal health. ART, crucial for managing HIV, can also influence RDW levels, as some regimens may affect red blood cell production and contribute to anemia. Monitoring RDW in conjunction with ART and other clinical parameters can enhance the detection of complications and improve management strategies.

Copper Serum Levels in the Hemodialysis Patient Population.

Copper is an essential element in the diet of mammals, including humans. It plays an important role in the physiological regulation of various enzymes and is consequently involved in several biological processes such as angiogenesis, oxidative stress regulation, neuromodulation, and erythropoiesis. Copper is essential for facilitating the transfer of iron from cells to the bloodstream, which is necessary for proper absorption of dietary iron and the distribution of iron throughout the body. In particular, patients with end-stage renal failure who require renal replacement therapy are at increased risk for disorders of copper metabolism. Many studies on hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant patients have focused on serum copper levels. Some reported mild deficiency, while others reported elevated levels or even toxicity. In some cases, it has been reported that alterations in copper metabolism lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, malnutrition, anemia, or mielopathy. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of copper in patients undergoing hemodialysis and its potential clinical implications.

Inflammatory indexes and anemia in chronic kidney disease: correlation and survival analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

Background There is currently no research on the correlation between novel inflammatory indexes systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the risk of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, as well as survival analysis in CKD with anemia. Methods This investigation encompassed 4444 adult subjects out of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018. The study utilized multi-variable logistic regression to assess the relationship between SII, NLR, PLR, and anemia risk occurrence in CKD population. Survival differences in CKD patients with anemia, based on varying levels of SII, NLR, and PLR were evaluated employing Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Results The adjusted logistic regression model demonstrates that SII, NLR, and PLR are associated with the risk of anemia occurrence in CKD population. Kaplan–Meier’s analysis reveals significant differences in survival rates among CKD patients with anemia stratified by NLR levels. The adjusted Cox proportional hazards model shows that the higher NLR group has a 30% elevated risk of all-cause mortality contrasted with lower group (hazard ratio, HR: 1.30, confidence interval (CI) [1.01, 1.66], p value <.04). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) demonstrates no nonlinear relationship between NLR and all-cause mortality. Lastly, sub-cohort analysis indicates that in populations with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, NLR levels have a greater impact on all-cause mortality. Conclusions Controlling inflammation may reduce the occurrence of anemia in CKD populations, with NLR serving to be a potential prognostic indicator for survival results within CKD patients suffering from co-morbid anemia.