Suicide Risk Research Articles

Acceptance and commitment therapy reduces perceived ostracism in suicidal patients

IntroductionOstracism increases the risk of depression and suicidal behaviors. Mindfulness training, which is at the core of third-wave behavioral therapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), might reduce social distress and inhibit negative affect.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial included 32 patients with a history of suicide attempt in the past year who followed seven weekly sessions of ACT or progressive relaxation therapy (PRT). To assess and compare the effects of ACT and PRT on social distress, patients performed a validated paradigm of social exclusion (the Cyberball Game) followed by completion of the Need Threat Scale (NTS) at inclusion (baseline) and within two weeks after the intervention ended (posttherapy).ResultsThe included patients were mainly women (N = 28; 87.5%), and their mean age was 40 years (SD: 12 years). Twenty-six patients (81%) experienced current depression. The postintervention NTS score was greater (lower social distress) in the ACT group than in the PRT group (group × time interaction; β = 0.47, p < 0.05), even after controlling for depressive symptoms (β = 0.27, p < 0.05). The NTS score change (between baseline and posttherapy) was correlated with changes in dispositional mindfulness (r = 0.46, p = 0.03), cognitive fusion (r = − 0.61, p < 10–3) and acceptance (r = 0.57, p < 10–2).ConclusionACT decreased social pain independently of its effect on depression. Reduced social pain was correlated with improved therapeutic processes and decreased suicidal ideation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of ACT for managing ostracism and suicide risk.

Beneficial and harmful effects of duloxetine versus placebo, ‘active placebo’ or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials

ObjectivesTo assess the beneficial and harmful effects of duloxetine versus ‘active placebo’, placebo or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of...

Culturally-Relevant Predictors of Thwarted Belongingness Among College Students of Asian Descent

ABSTRACT Suicide is one of the most prevalent causes of death among college students in the United States, and the leading cause of death among Asian American college-aged adults. Given these concerning rates, further investigation is essential to understanding the current levels of suicide risk among this population, including culture-specific risk factors, to influence mental health interventions that support this population. This study aims to explore the impacts of Asian culture-specific factors on thwarted belongingness, a proximal risk factor of suicide desire, among college students of Asian descent guided by the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Participants (n = 218) completed a battery of validated measures to assess predictors of thwarted belongingness, which included shame, discrimination, ethnic identity, and perfectionism. Nearly half of participants met clinical cutoff criteria for suicide desire. Further, ethnic identity commitment, perfectionism discrepancy, and external shame were statistically significant predictors of thwarted belongingness among this population. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions that address these culture-specific factors on college campuses to reduce the risk of suicide among students of Asian descent. Additional implications for college-student serving mental health professionals and future research directions are discussed.

Individual differences in affect during suicidal and nonsuicidal states among military personnel and veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

This study examined individual differences in affect during nonsuicidal and suicidal states among 116 military personnel and veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Current affect and suicidal ideation were assessed four times per day for 14 consecutive days via ecological momentary assessment using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Short Form and Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) items. Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Short Form items were used to create four affect states based on the circumplex model of core affect: pleasant activation (e.g., excited), activated pleasure (e.g., proud), unpleasant activation (e.g., aroused), and activated displeasure (e.g., anxious). Mixed-effects regression modeling was used to assess variability in mean affect scores across active (SSI Item 4) and passive (SSI Item 5) suicidal states and variability in the correlation between affect and severity of suicidal ideation. Mean pleasant activation, F(2,7) = 4.8, p = .043, and activated pleasure, F(2, 5) = 22.0, p = .003, were significantly lower during active suicidal versus nonsuicidal states. Mean unpleasant activation, F(2, 7) = 19.9, p = .001, and activated displeasure, F(2, 9) = 42.3, p < .001, were higher during active suicidal versus nonsuicidal states. Activated pleasure was less variable, χ²(1) = 6.3, p = .012, but unpleasant activation, χ²(1) = 8.0, p = .005, and activated displeasure were more variable, χ²(2) = 15.7, p < .001, during active suicidal versus nonsuicidal states. Severity of suicidal ideation was significantly correlated with all four affect states; all correlations varied significantly across participants. Reported affect during suicidal states varies across military personnel and veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, suggesting suicidal states are heterogeneous. Differentiating affective arousal from affective valence can provide more nuanced understandings of suicide risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Delineating empirically plausible causal pathways to suicidality among people at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Suicidality is common among people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Delineating causal pathways to suicidality and identifying its determinants would inform tailored intervention efforts for these individuals. To this end, we analyzed data on CHR samples from the second and third North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS-2, n = 355; NAPLS-3, n = 266). Data on correlates of suicidality-including depression and attenuated psychosis symptoms, sleep, and childhood trauma-from two initial study timepoints were submitted to the greedy relaxations of the sparsest permutation algorithm. Intervention calculus was used to estimate the (lower bound) total empirically plausible causal effects of each variable on suicidality. Across both samples, greedy relaxations of the sparsest permutation suggested that symptoms of depression-particularly hopelessness, self-deprecation, and depressed mood-were likely direct causes of suicidality among people at CHR for psychosis. Across samples and measurement time points, intervention calculus indicated that depressed mood exerted the greatest influence over suicidality of all measured variables. This study provides data-driven, testable hypotheses about the causal pathways leading to suicidality among people at CHR for psychosis and suggests promising targets for interventions on suicidality tailored to these individuals. Future experimental research should test these hypotheses by, for example, comparing the suicide risk reduction afforded by interventions aimed at each aforementioned target. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

People with symptoms of depression and those at significant risk of suicide show differences in their personality profile and sense of meaning in life

IntroductionMedical students are exposed to various stressors. Among the many factors that determine the possibility of a mental crisis, there is also a personality profile and a sense of meaning in life.Materials and methodsSets of anonymous surveys were distributed among medical students of different years studying at the Medical University of Lodz. The set of surveys included a sociodemographic survey, Beck’s Depression Inventory version II (BDI-II), the NEO Five Factory Inventory (NEO-FFI), Reker’s Life Attitude Profile - Revised questionnaire (LAP-R), Osman’s Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-R).ResultsThe study cohort comprised of 276 students (mean age 21.7 years). According to the BDI-II, 79 participants (28.4%) were identified as having depressive symptoms. Additionally, 80 participants (28.9%) were assessed to be at significant risk of suicide according to the SBQ-R scale. Based on the results of these questionnaires, we identified four groups: 1. Participants with depressive symptoms (D). 2. Participants with suicide risk (SR), 3. Participants with both depressive symptoms with suicide risk (D and SR), 4. A control group. Students from D and D and SR groups, exhibited higher neuroticism scores compared to those with suicide risk alone (SR) and the control group. In terms of extroversion, the control and SR groups scored higher compared to the D with SR group. Participants with SR and those with D and SR had higher openness scores compared to the D and control groups. D and SR group obtained statistical lower score then control group in the terms of conscientiousness. In life control score, participants in D and D with SR group has significant lower score then SR and control group. The conditions: personal meaning index and life attitude balance in the control group achieved significantly higher values compared to all other groups.ConclusionPeople with depressive symptoms, suicide risk and both of these variables simultaneously differed in terms of personality profile and components influencing the meaning of life.

Intermittent theta-burst stimulation with adjunctive D-cycloserine rapidly resolves suicidal ideation and decreases implicit association with death/suicide.

Depressive disorders are the most common diagnosis among individuals who die by suicide, and intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive treatment for those with difficult-to-treat depression who are at higher risk for suicide. Previous data suggests that pairing iTBS with D-cycloserine, a partial N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, improves antidepressant outcomes. However, its impact on suicide risk is not known. We examine suicidal ideation and implicit suicide risk after iTBS+D-cycloserine in two clinical trials (open-label trial [n=12] and randomized placebo-controlled trial [RCT, n=50]) involving adults with major depressive disorder and the acute effects of D-cycloserine on implicit suicide risk in a crossover trial (n=18). Implicit suicide risk was assessed using the computerized death/suicide implicit association test (IAT), and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were assessed using the clinician-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Open-label iTBS+D-cycloserine was associated with a rapid reduction in suicidal ideation, and iTBS+D-cycloserine was superior to iTBS+placebo in reducing suicidal ideation. Similarly, open-label iTBS+D-cycloserine was associated with decreased implicit suicide risk as measured by the death/suicide IAT, and iTBS+D-cycloserine was associated with greater decreases in death/suicide IAT scores compared to iTBS+placebo. A single acute dose of D-cycloserine in the absence of iTBS had no effect on implicit suicide risk. Adjunctive D-cycloserine with iTBS is a promising strategy to reduce suicidal ideation and implicit suicide risk in depression.

Gambling in Connecticut adolescents: Prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, trauma exposure, suicidality, and other risk behaviors.

Adolescent gambling is a public health concern and has been linked to suicidality, various risk behaviors, and poor health outcomes. However, there is a limited understanding of specific risk and protective factors that may influence gambling behavior in Connecticut adolescents, especially in changing gambling environments. This study examines relationships between adolescents reporting gambling in the past-year and a range of health risk behaviors including vaping, traumatic experiences, academic performance, and receipt of social support. Data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey in Connecticut high school students stratified by gambling status were examined in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Among 1,807 adolescents, past-year gambling was reported by 453 individuals [25.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.7-28.1%]. Gambling prevalence was higher among older males and lower in adolescents of Asian origin. Gambling was further associated with suicidality and risk behaviors including substance use, smoking [traditional tobacco and electronic vapor use], risky use of digital technologies, unsafe sex, and aggressive behaviors. Gambling was also associated with traumatic experiences, depression/dysphoria, poor academic performance, and less familial social support. The results provide an up-to-date estimate of the current prevalence and correlates of gambling among Connecticut adolescents. The results provide recent estimates of the prevalence and correlates of gambling among Connecticut adolescents. The findings highlight the need for further investigation of specific factors like social support that help with designing and implementing tailored interventions.

Sleep deficiencies and suicidal ideation across the psychosis continuum

ObjectiveSleep deficiency, a broad term that encompasses sleep disorder symptoms and other aspects of disturbed sleep, is an established risk factor for suicide. Although several studies have examined the relationship between sleep, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among individuals with psychotic disorders, few studies have focused on the early stages of illness. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between sleep deficiencies, recent suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicidal behavior across the psychosis continuum.MethodA retrospective chart review was used to obtain relevant data for individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), and individuals with longstanding illness.ResultsResults indicate that sleep deficiencies are prevalent across all stages of illness, though individuals at CHR-P have significantly higher rates of sleep deficiency than individuals with FEP and longstanding psychosis. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between sleep deficiencies and suicidal ideation across the entire sample.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to clarify the specific nature of these sleep deficiencies and to elucidate the mechanisms by which sleep deficiencies might increase risk for suicide in this population.

The interpersonal theory of suicide risk in male US service members/veterans: the independent effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness

ABSTRACT Introduction: Suicide rates remain high among US military service member/veteran (SM/V) males with overall trends showing an upward trajectory. Several empirical studies and official US government reports show that interpersonal challenges can substantially increase suicide risk. One theory, the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPT), focuses thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, capability for suicide, and their interactions, as key contributors to suicide risk. Extant military studies are subscribed to specific subsamples and/or do not test the full theory. This has resulted in mixed findings or findings with limited generalizability. The current study addressed these limitations. Method: A convenience sample of 508 male SM/Vs completed self-report measures of lifetime suicide ideation, likelihood of making a future attempt, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, capability for suicide, and demographics. Suicide ideation and risk was regressed on IPT variables, relevant interactions, and covariates. Results: The variance accounted for in suicide ideation and likelihood of a future attempt was 32% and 62%, respectively. Higher perceived burdensomeness was associated with suicide ideation, and higher thwarted belongingness had a marginally significant association with suicide ideation. The presence of suicide ideation and higher thwarted belongingness were associated with the likelihood of making a future attempt. Capability for suicide was not associated with the likelihood of making a future attempt. Discussion: Perceived burdensomeness, suicide ideation, and thwarted belongingness appear to individually create risk for future suicide behaviour among US military service members and veterans. Additional work is needed to establish comprehensive theories of suicide risk in this population.

Risk of suicide in a sample of Egyptian high school adolescent students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundA lethal incident of self-harm with desire to die is called suicide. Every year, suicide claims the lives of more than 800,000 individuals globally. Teenagers and younger adults commit suicide on a regular basis. In late childhood and early adulthood, it is one of the primary triggers of death. Negative social and economic consequences and negative psychological consequences have been linked to it. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescents’ students attending high school in Cairo. Throughout the educational year (September 2021 to June 2022), a cross-sectional study was carried on 553 students. A detailed medical and sociodemographic information were obtained. The Suicide Possibility Scale (SPS) was used to assess the likelihood of suicide, while the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which consists of 28 items, was used to assess the likelihood of mental illness.ResultsScreening among 553 high school students, it was shown that 11.03 percent of high school students were likely to have suicidal ideas or attempted suicide (scores ≥ 25) based on the SPS (Arabic version); females were more probable to do so (12.9 percent) than males (8.2%). Results from the Arabic version of GHQ_28 survey showed that 17.54% of the assessed students had a moderate to high risk of having a mental illness issue (scores < 7). There was a significant positive correlation among the total GHQ-28 score and various SPS score components for students in their first, second, and third grades level. Age, non-suicidal self-injury, and positive personal history of suicidal ideas for the student in the whole study group were non-significantly correlated (P > 0.05) with larger Suicide Probability Scale scores. While positive personal history of suicidal attempts, positive psychiatric illnesses and positive family history of suicide showed a significant correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with larger Suicide Probability Scale scores.ConclusionsScreening among adolescent high school students found that 11.03% of them had a probable risk of suicide with higher risk in females than in males that increased with age. Risk of suicide among students was associated with history of attempted suicide and psychiatric illness. So, early detection and management of students with psychiatric illness could decrease risk of suicide among them.

Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide: Synopsis of the 2024 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines.

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) updated the 2019 joint clinical practice guideline (CPG) for assessing and managing patients who are at risk for suicide. This synopsis provides primary care physicians with a summary of the updated 2024 recommendations regarding evaluation and management of military members and veterans at risk for suicide. In 2023, the VA/DOD Evidence-Based Practice Work Group convened to develop a joint VA/DOD guideline, including clinical stakeholders, which conformed to the National Academy of Medicine's tenets for trustworthy CPGs. The Work Group drafted 12 key questions, reviewed systematically identified literature (1 April 2018 to 15 March 2023), evaluated the evidence, created algorithms, and advanced 24 recommendations in accordance with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system. Despite insufficient evidence to recommend for or against suicide risk screening programs as a means for reducing suicide attempts or deaths, the VA/DOD Work Group identified validated tools that could be used to identify populations at higher risk for suicide-related behaviors. Cognitive behavioral therapy was also recommended for reducing the risk for suicide attempts and decreasing suicidal ideation among those with a history of suicidal behavior or a history of self-directed violence. Periodic communications after previous suicide attempts were also recommended as a prevention strategy. Pharmacologic treatments, such as clozapine or ketamine infusion, also have a role in the management of suicide risk among those with schizophrenia or major depressive disorder, respectively.

Youth experiencing homelessness at risk for suicide: psychosocial risk factors and service use patterns

ObjectiveYoung adults experiencing homelessness often suffer from adverse mental health outcomes and suicide is a leading cause of death. The objective of this study is to examine service use and psychosocial risk factors for suicide, in relation to suicide risk assessment, to inform strategies for engaging youth in suicide prevention services.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of youth enrolled in a supportive housing randomized clinical trial. We categorized suicide risk into three groups (low-, moderate-, and high-risk) based on suicidal ideation and past-year suicide attempt. The service use patterns across these groups are described, as well as other psychosocial risk factors (psychiatric comorbidity, depressive symptoms, substance use, and sleep impairment).ResultsAmong 193 enrolled youth, 126 (65.3%), 32 (16.6%), and 35 (18.1%) were categorized as low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk for suicide, respectively. A high proportion of youth reported ever having been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder (57.5%) and cannabis was the most heavily used substance. However, only a minority of youth received medical care or mental health services in the past 3 months, 40% and 34%, respectively. Even fewer youth received mental/emotional health services in the past 3 months (15%), though use was highest among the high-risk group (34%).ConclusionUnderstanding the needs of youth experiencing homelessness who are at risk for suicide is critical to developing interventions to alleviate their risk for suicide. Given that the use of medical and mental health care is low among this population, more active outreach strategies may be warranted to deliver prevention interventions.

Suicidal Behaviour Prior to First Episode Psychosis: Wider and More Widespread Grey-Matter Alterations

Introduction The prodromal phase preceding the onset of First Episode Psychosis (FEP) is associated with an increased risk of Suicidal Behaviors (SBs). The aim of this study was to identify specific structural brain abnormalities linked to SBs that occur prior to the onset of FEP. Methods Voxel-based morphometry analyses were used to investigate differences in brain Grey Matter (GM) volume using the CAT12 toolbox within SPM12. Covariates, including gender, age, handedness, intracranial volume, depression severity, and global cognitive functioning, were controlled for as confounding factors. Results Significant reductions in GM were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, cuneus, anterior cerebellum (p-FWE corrected < 0.05, k > 50) as well as in the right amygdala (0.96 ± 0.06 vs. 1.01 ± 0.05; F = 4.78; p < 0.05) and left amygdala (0.97 ± 0.06 vs. 1.02 ± 0.05; F = 8.97; p = 0.01). Conclusions History of SB prior to the onset of the psychotic disorder was related to wider and more widespread brain GM alterations. The regions identified are involved in cognitive and emotional processes such as emotional regulation, social cognition, perseverative thinking, and pain tolerance. These findings suggest that structural brain abnormalities related to SB occurring before FEP onset may serve as early biomarkers for identifying individuals at increased risk of suicide.

Multilevel analysis of factors associated with suicide attempts: Evidence from 2022/2023 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey.

This issue represents a major global public health concern, accounting for approximately 703,000 deaths each year. Despite Mozambique having the 9th highest suicide rate in the world and the highest in Africa, there is no national data quantifying the burden of suicide attempts. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of suicide attempts and identify individual and community-level factors associated with them using mixed-effects logistic regression. This study is crucial for developing early interventions, which can help reduce the risk of suicide and enhance overall mental health outcomes for young people. The data used in this study were drawn from the 2022/2023 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS). A weighted sample of 10,909 individuals (7,716 males and 3,149 females) aged 15-29 was included. The fitted model was evaluated using AIC and BIC, with the model having the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) is another statistical measure used to assess the quality of a model, similar to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The results of the final model were presented as Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Variables were considered statistically significant if their p-value was less than 0.05 in the multivariable analysis. About 3.60% (95% CI: 3.33%-4.03%) of participants were seriously considered suicide attempt in the past 12 months of before the survey. Educational status, occupation, marital status, depression, anxiety, and geographic region were significant factors associated with suicidal attempt. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the intricate relationships between suicide attempts and their predictors. Additionally, the results highlight the need for targeted interventions and mental health promotion strategies that consider the identified individual and community-level factors to reduce suicide rates in Mozambique.

The Relationship Between Peer Conformity and Bullying Behavior in the Work Area of Soropia Community Health Center

Introduction: Bullying is a deliberate activity aimed at hurting and intimidating through unequal power dynamics, with the potential to cause trauma and instil fear. This phenomenon occurs in various contexts, such as schools, workplaces, or online, and encompasses physical, verbal, social, and psychological violence. Its impacts are highly detrimental, including psychological trauma, decreased academic performance, depression, anxiety, and even suicide risk for victims, as well as potential future behavioural problems for perpetrators. Environments that tolerate bullying can create unhealthy and fear-filled atmospheres. This study aims to examine the relationship between peer conformity and bullying behavior in the working area of the Soropia Community Health Center. Methods: This research used a quantitative study design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 52 respondents, with a sample of 46 respondents selected using consecutive sampling techniques. The instrument utilized was a questionnaire. Results: The Fisher Exact Test showed a significant relationship, with a ? value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05 and X² calculated = 40.310 &gt; X² table = 3.841. Therefore, H? was rejected, and H? was accepted, indicating a positive relationship between peer conformity and bullying behavior in the working area of the Soropia Community Health Center. Conclusion: Relevant stakeholders are encouraged to collaborate, including individuals, families, educational institutions, and the broader community, in efforts to prevent and address bullying, thereby creating a safe and supportive environment for all. The findings of this study are expected to provide useful information for adolescents to avoid bullying behavior and maintain harmony.

Perceived Entrapment, Goal Adjustment and Goal Ambivalence as Predictors for Suicide Ideation in High-Risk Prisoners

The integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model of suicide presents a pathway between perceived entrapment to the development of suicide ideation. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study used a sample of 106 male high-risk prisoners, to explore the predictive power of entrapment and goal factors linked to self-regulation (goal adjustment and ambivalence about personal goals) for suicide ideation. A logistic hierarchical regression showed that four factors: goal re-engagement, goal disengagement, goal ambivalence and internal entrapment, as a set, were able to predict any current suicide ideation over and above established risk factors (depression, social support, rumination and history of suicidal behaviour), [Formula: see text](8) = 45.90, p &lt; 0.001. As internal entrapment (odds ratio = 1.16) increased, this contributed significantly to the likelihood of current suicide ideation. This adds to findings that level of internal entrapment is an important factor in understanding the presence of suicide ideation and that this may also be applicable in prisoners. Interestingly, against the direction of hypotheses, higher willingness to engage with new goals (OR = 1.21) and lower historic suicide risk (OR = 0.87), also significantly contributed to the likelihood of current suicide ideation. Findings are discussed in relation to existing literature and with consideration of this specialist participant group.

Alcohol consumption associated with suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in substance users: A cross-sectional study of an addiction registry in western Iran.

Suicide is recognized as a major problem worldwide and is particularly prevalent among specific groups, including individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). The present study aimed to investigate alcohol consumption as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and attempts among those with substance use disorders (SUDs) in western Iran. This is a cross-sectional study, involving 1,112 individuals with SUDs who sought treatment at Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran, between the years 2019 and 2021. These participants were included in the study through a convenient sampling method as part of an interview-based assessment study. The participant's average age was 37.97 years, and 982 were male (94.7%). Overall, 285 (27.5%) individuals had a history of suicide attempts, 316 (30.5%) individuals reported suicidal ideation, and 463 (41.6%) were alcohol users. In individuals who consumed alcohol, the prevalence of suicidal ideation (172 (37.2%) individuals), and a history of suicide attempts (156 (33.8%) individuals) was significantly higher compared to non-alcohol users. There was a statistically significant relationship between alcohol consumption and a history of suicide attempts (p < 0.05). The probability of suicide attempted in people with a history of alcohol consumption was 1.5 times, and in patients with a history of simultaneous substance use, it was 1.4 times that of other patients (all Ps < 0.05). Our study results revealed that alcohol consumption among individuals with SUDs is associated with increased rates of suicidal ideation, attempts, and death. Therefore, clinicians should consider it as a separate suicide risk factor.

Assessment of suicide risk and nonsuicidal self-injury in college students

ABSTRACT Introduction Suicide is the third leading cause of death among individuals aged 15–29, with college students being particularly at risk. While suicidal ideation, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and psychological distress are well-known risk factors for suicide, emotional reactivity and academic satisfaction are less understood. Understanding the interaction between these factors is essential for enhancing suicide prevention. Objective Identify the strongest predictors of suicide risk among college students and evaluate the mediating roles of psychological distress and academic satisfaction in the association between emotional reactivity and suicide risk. Method Two hundred and ninety-four college students (85.4% female) aged 17–29 years were recruited through institutional email, social media, and a university crediting system. Participants completed self-report questionnaires. Results Almost 17% of students were at suicide risk. Depressive symptoms (β =.575) and lifetime engagement in NSSI (β = .175) emerged as the strongest predictors. Psychological distress and academic satisfaction emerged as significant mediators of the relationship between emotional reactivity and suicide risk – these mediation models explained 44.7% and 34.4% variability in suicide risk, respectively. Conclusions Understanding risk and protective factors can improve suicide prevention among college students. Academic satisfaction may be a promising target for future research.

Detecting Suicide Risk Among Pediatric Patients: Screening, Clinical Pathways, and Care

Youth suicide remains a leading cause of death in the United States and is especially pronounced in populations that have been historically underserved. Multipronged public health strategies aimed at addressing suicide may be particularly effective in pediatric medical settings, as most youth who die by suicide have visited a health care provider prior to their death. The finding that most youth suicide decedents have no mental illness diagnosis further underscores the importance of screening. This review highlights universal screening as a strategy to improve detection and management of at-risk youth. We present current research on evidence-based screening tools, clinical pathways to support the feasibility and fidelity of screening, brief interventions for managing positive screens, issues regarding screening and health equity, considerations for diverse populations, current innovations, and future directions for research and clinical practice. Evidence supports universal suicide risk screening through feasible clinical pathways that leverage pediatric health care providers as partners in suicide prevention.