Risk Reduction Management Research Articles

Prediabetes diagnosis is associated with the progression of coronary artery calcification: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.

To investigate the associations between prediabetes defined by different diagnostic criteria and coronary artery calcification (CAC) and its progression over time. This cross-sectional study included 146 436 Korean adults without diabetes who underwent CAC estimation computed tomography (CT) during health examinations from 2011 to 2019. We used multinomial logistic regression models. The longitudinal study comprised 41 100 participants with at least one follow-up cardiac CT and annual CAC progression rates and ratios were estimated. Prediabetes was categorized into three groups: isolated glucose prediabetes (fasting blood glucose [FBG] 100-125 mg/dl, HbA1c < 5.7%), isolated HbA1c prediabetes (FBG < 100 mg/dl, HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%) and prediabetes meeting both FBG and HbA1c criteria (FBG 100-125 mg/dl, HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%). After adjusting for covariates, the prevalence ratios (95% CI) for CAC scores of more than 100 comparing isolated glucose prediabetes, isolated HbA1c prediabetes and prediabetes fulfilling both criteria with those of normoglycaemia were 1.12 (0.99-1.26), 1.24 (1.11-1.39) and 1.31 (1.18-1.45), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted ratio (CIs) of annual CAC progression rates comparing the corresponding groups with the normoglycaemia group were 1.031 (1.023-1.039), 1.025 (1.019-1.032) and 1.054 (1.047-1.062), respectively. CAC risk and CAC progression were consistently highest in individuals meeting both glucose and HbA1c criteria, while all three prediabetes types showed a significantly increased risk of CAC progression. Atherosclerosis risk reduction management is necessary for prediabetes, especially in patients meeting both criteria.

Ujian dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempa Bumi Berdasarkan Pengalaman Masyarakat Muslim di Lahad Datu, Sabah (An Affliction in Coping with Earthquake Disasters as Experienced by Muslim community in Lahad Datu, Sabah)

Natural disasters are an unavoidable nature, and this phenomenon has been proven to occur either from a religious or scientific perspective. From the Islamic point of view, natural disasters considered as test of faithfulness. This study endevours to conceptualise the meaning of trial and its relation to the understanding of the Muslim community in Lahad Datu. The study discusses action taken by them in facing this natural disaster. This study employed quantitative method through distributing questionnaires around the district of Lahad Datu. The descriptive analysis was done to analyse the relationship between the demographic background of Muslim respondents with their level of understanding and knowledge of earthquake as a test of God. The results showed that majority of respondents, 80 percent, had experienced an earthquake. The average knowledge of the respondents about the history of the earthquake in Lahad Datu is at a minimum level and it can be said that the knowledge about the earthquake is based on the current or latest knowledge that they have experienced themselves. Nevertheless, respondents had a basic knowledge of earthquake as shown on the physical actions they took after an earthquake such as being aware of increasing the level of family safety and participating in disaster awareness programs. The results also show the respondents’ belief that the earthquake is a test of God can be true because their actions and practices after the earthquake are more towards positive practices that are not contrary to Islamic teachings. The study concludes that a holistic approach through the integration of science (geology) and religion (Islam) should be highlighted as a method for improving disaster risk reduction management in Malaysia, especially victims involving the Muslim community.

Residents Satisfaction on Disaster Risk Reduction Management Unit

Disaster risk means the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets to which could occur to a system, society, or community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically with relation to risk, exposure, and susceptibility (UNISDR, 2019). In times of calamities, MDRRMU plays a crucial role in assisting residents. This study is being undertaken to determine the residents' satisfaction with the MDRRMU in Estancia, Iloilo. As a result, the purpose of this research was to see how satisfied residents were with the performance of Estancia MDRRMU. This study used the descriptive method of research and a researcher modified questionnaire was used to gather data. Conducted in the municipality of Estancia, located in the northern part of Iloilo province, 501 randomly selected residents of the municipality were the respondents of the study. Result shows that residents were satisfied with the performance of MDRRMU. To improve residents' satisfaction, the MDRRMU should be proactive in educating people in Estancia about disaster management and strengthening its MDRRM Council with clear and enumerated functions, responsibilities, and coordination.

Residents Satisfaction on Disaster Risk Reduction Management Unit

Residents Satisfaction on Disaster Risk Reduction Management Unit

Disaster Preparedness Practices of Low and Middle-Income Households in the Coastal Communities in Negros Occidental, Philippines

Disaster preparedness has played a vital role in mitigating disaster risks. A well-planned disaster risk reduction program is effective in minimizing hazards and casualties. The study determined the extent of disaster preparedness practices of households in the coastal communities of a congressional district in the Philippines, particularly on typhoons, in terms of disaster preparedness literacy, participation in community disaster preparedness, and disaster preparedness on supplies and kit contents. A descriptive-comparative research design was used to administer a researcher-made survey instrument to 341 coastal household members. Statistical techniques such as Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, Mean, and Standard Deviation were used in the study. The findings revealed a great extent of disaster preparedness practices with significant differences when respondents were grouped according to household income and educational attainment of the household members. However, there were no significant differences when grouped according to household size, type of housing unit, and type of housing structure. Household income is very minimal in purchasing food/kit supplies was identified as the most significant challenge experienced by the households. The study recommends an enhanced Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management (BDRRM) Plan to strengthen the programs, projects, and activities to increase the adaptive capacity and involvement of households toward disaster preparedness.

Survey Results of Speech-Language Pathologists Working With Cognitive-Communication Disorders: Improving Practices for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Dementia From Alzheimer's Disease.

As the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise, there is a need for interventions that focus on risk reduction and early disease management. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can contribute to risk reduction efforts and deliver cognitive interventions; however, the nature and frequency of current clinical practice in those areas is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory survey of the cognitive-communication practices and needs of SLPs for adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage dementia from AD, to inform future research and clinical training efforts. SLPs completed an online survey that assessed five areas of practice specific to cognitive-communication and MCI and early-stage dementia: (a) education and training, (b) MCI subtype knowledge and consideration, (c) goals and treatment practices, (d) assessment of everyday living skills, and (e) general clinical practices and needs. One hundred fifty-seven SLPs completed the survey and represented a range of practice experience. Results revealed a discrepancy between the number of SLPs who provide services to adults with MCI or early-stage dementia and those who have received formal training to do so, suggesting a reliance on clinical practice experience. Participants primarily reported using interview and informal methods to assess daily activities and often described using compensatory-based treatments. These findings contribute to the limited knowledge about SLPs' cognitive-communication practices to help improve early-disease management for AD, a rapidly growing population in need of SLPs' services. More research is needed to support SLPs in being maximally effective when working with clients early in the AD continuum. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19787728.

Knowledge Management System: A Tool for Disaster Risk Reduction Management of Local Municipalities

Knowledge Management System: A Tool for Disaster Risk Reduction Management of Local Municipalities

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Times of Calamities

The nation’s concern of strengthen the country’s disaster reduction system. It seeks the reduction and better management of disaster risk. This research aimed to determine the level of readiness and responsiveness of Municipality of Balaoan on the implementation of different programs and projects on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management along the areas on prevention, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation. The researcher used descriptive-developmental design with 250 respondents. Developmental design was based on the constraints gauged use in the preparation of functional program and research made survey containing items along readiness, preparedness and responsiveness of the respondents. Mean and Frequency counts were used as the simple statistical tools. The researcher found that 36 Barangays in Balaoan with regards to the implementation of their programs and projects in terms of prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation was described as much ready. The total grand mean for the categories was 3.69 described as much ready. A well – managed program on disaster risk reduction shall be organized by the DRRMO. This is necessary to improve the disaster risk reduction management program of the Barangay and make sure that their constituent attains the full benefits of the programs and projects that they implement towards the disaster resiliency of their barangay. More intensified training program should be designed, formulated and implemented to upgrade the skill and competence of DRRM Barangay coordinators in managing disaster risk reduction in the Barangay; the evaluated program can be use by future researchers as benchmark if they plan to replicate the study in their respective areas of specialization.

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Applied for Modeling in Torrens Community Disaster Resilience Score Card for Flood-Prone Schools in the Schools Division of Misamis Oriental, Northern Mindanao – the Philippines

Accurate assessment of the level and extent of disaster resilience of flood-prone schools and their communities is a complicated task. This is given the various means to measure disaster resilience. This is further complicated by the fact that disaster resilience is context-specific. Therefore, applying one of these measures for disaster resilience modeling proves to be a practical approach, as this model has the advantage of having context-specific viability in predicting disaster resilience. One of the statistical methods that can be used for testing a model in disaster resilience is Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Therefore, this work aims to test a model for disaster resilience. For this, 26 schools in the Schools Division of Misamis Oriental were identified as flood-prone areas based on the geo-hazard maps of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. With the use of the Torrens Community Disaster Resilience Score Card, the schools and their communities were rated by their respective School Administrator/Principal; School Disaster Risk Reduction Management Coordinator; Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Officer; President of the General Parents-Teachers Association; President of the Student School Government; and the Barangay Chairperson. The ratings served as the data. Multiple Linear Regression was applied to generate a new model with four explanatory variables, i.e. community-connectedness, risk and vulnerability, planning and procedures, and available resources; and the response variable is Disaster Resilience. The MLR model obtained an Adjusted R Square of 0.965, which means that the four explanatory variables explained 96.5% of the variability of Disaster Resilience. The Goodness of Fit of the model had shown a right-tailed, F=175.9, p-value=7.77156e-16, thus, rejecting the null hypothesis that the model is not a good fit. All four variables are significant predictors of Disaster Resilience, hence, attesting to the adequacy of the model. Thus indicative that in the context of these flood-prone school and their communities, the model justifies that the application of the said scorecard is of great importance to these schools and their communities as well as those people responsible for disaster risk and reduction management regular monitoring and assessment for disaster resilience.

RETRACTED: Innovative Practices for the Promotion of Local/Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Sudur Paschim Province, Nepal

The description of the Retraction: This article has been retracted. The Original article has previously been published elsewhere without disclosure to the editor, permission to republish, or justification (ie, redundant publication).We apologise for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused readers.Refers to :RETRACTED: Innovative Practices for the Promotion of Local/Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Sudur Paschim Province, NepalKabi Prasad Pokhrel, Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada, Narayan Prasad Paudyal, Keshav Raj Dhakal, Chhabi Lal Chidi, Narayan Prasad Timilsena, Dhana Krishna MahatJournal of Geographical Research, Volume 4, Issue 3, July 2021DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i3.3223

Disaster risk reduction and climate policy implementation challenges in Canada and Australia

ABSTRACT Disaster risk reduction is central to managing the risks of climate change at global, national, and sub-national levels. The operationalization of disaster risk reduction, however, has been met with challenges that have restricted successful policy implementation. Drawing from document analyses and Delphi studies with government practitioners, this article examines the policy context for disaster risk reduction in Canada and Australia and investigates the state of flood and drought planning and preparedness. Results are organized around two central themes: risk (ownership and sensitivity) and engagement (stakeholder involvement and capacity-building). The findings show that public policies on disaster risk reduction in Canada and Australia reflect international discourse that advocates for a whole-of-society, risk-sensitive, and risk-informed approach. However, implementing this approach in household planning and preparedness, cross-sector planning and policy integration, terminology, and socio-cultural representation, has been hampered by several factors. Government practitioners in both countries argued that while disaster risk reduction and climate risk management continue to evolve in multi-level governance, policy implementation is constrained by the legacies of past governance arrangements that have enabled disaster risk creation and accumulation. The results presented herein suggest a need for institutional reform that better reflects the holistic and systemic relationships between disaster risk, climate change, and other policy problems. We argue that disaster risk reduction and climate risk management policies require bridging governance arrangements between these and related policy domains to foster effective multi-level implementation. Key policy insights Implementing disaster risk reduction has been inconsistent, exacerbating exposure to climate change and increasing socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster impacts. Managing climate and disaster risk requires a holistic approach that targets vulnerable groups, tackles underlying drivers of risk, and builds capacities to support disaster risk reduction. Although disaster risk reduction and climate risk management policies continue to evolve, implementation is hindered by legacy governance arrangements that favour economic growth over sustainable, climate-sensitive disaster risk management. Transformation through the integration of disaster risk reduction and human development offers potential pathways to reduce vulnerabilities via a holistic disaster risk and climate policy approach.

Chronic Perineal Sinus After Proctectomy for Crohn's Disease: Risk Reduction Strategies and Management.

Chronic Perineal Sinus After Proctectomy for Crohn's Disease: Risk Reduction Strategies and Management.

Expert Commentary on Chronic Perineal Sinus After Proctectomy for Crohn's Disease: Risk Reduction Strategies and Management.

Expert Commentary on Chronic Perineal Sinus After Proctectomy for Crohn's Disease: Risk Reduction Strategies and Management.

Emergency Preparedness and Risk Reduction Management of Selected Rescuers: A Phenomenological Research

This paper provides information on the approaches and strategies used by the rescuers in the teaching process in conducting emergency preparedness. It will enhance teacher skills in teaching the preparations that a rescuer must consider if one ventures into this profession. This paper utilized a qualitative research design, specifically the phenomenological research. The study used an interview guide to extract vital information through its seven (7) co-participants. The co-participants had been responders for more than three (3) years. Based on the interview, the researchers gained insights based on the statements and narratives of its co-participants. It opened the minds of the researchers to the basic preparations that must be considered. The researchers formulated three (3) major themes: 1. My preparation as an emergency responder; 2. Strategic ways in teaching emergency preparedness, and 3. Best ways to adhere to the curriculum. Each major theme is composed of two (2) subthemes. The researchers formulated the Emergency Aid Framework's proposed framework with these three major themes and subthemes. This framework will help build resiliency among future Bachelor of Physical Education teachers in teaching emergency preparedness.

Resilience, fire and the UK Codes and Standards. Where are they and where could they go?

The term resilience is being more widely adopted in fire safety engineering, however, its comprehensive description is not clearly explained or correctly applied in practice. This study, therefore, defines the categories, dimensions, characteristics, capacities, objectives and missions possessed by resilience to provide a holistic understanding of the term. This is followed by an analysis and classification of the UK Standards and Codes addressing resilience considering their administrative and engineering features of resilience, and their resilience dimensions with definitions of fire resilience measures and approaches. A practical example of a fire resilience framework is applied in educational buildings considering internal resilience for a safe facility, risk reduction and disaster management, and external resilience involving redundancy of resources and community support. Finally, a fire resilience design framework is created in which structural and fire safety engineering are considered clarifying the steps to follow in a comprehensive design process based on a flow chart. This paper will contribute to the creation of a unified terminology and understanding of the concept linked to resilience to be adopted in various disciplines.

Effects of Risk Perception on Disaster Preparedness Toward Typhoons: An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

This study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior to understand how risk perception affected disaster preparedness behavior. An intercept survey (N = 286) was conducted at a typhoon-prone district of Hong Kong, China in 2019, then the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that risk perception and intention of preparedness were predictors of disaster preparedness behavior. Risk perception significantly affected intention of preparedness and the effect was partially mediated by subjective norm. Risk perception also significantly affected attitude and perceived behavioral control, but attitude and perceived behavioral control were not significantly correlated with intention of preparedness. Not only may this study supplement the existing literature of disaster preparedness toward typhoons, but also it provides insights for the planning and management of natural hazards and disaster risk reduction in Hong Kong.

Mehanizam civilne zaštite Evropske unije i pozicioniranje Republike Srbije u okvirima evropske civilne zaštite

The main goal of this paper is to present the structure, functioning and organization of the Union Civil Protection Mechanism, considering various aspects of international cooperation in the field of emergency management provided by the European civil protection system, and analysis of parallel processes, challenges and possible directions of development arising from the participation of the Republic of Serbia in this program of the European Union intended to strengthen cooperation in the field of emergency management. Starting from the understanding that international cooperation is an important segment of the disaster risk reduction and emergency management system, which encourages and supports the process of developing national technical capacities at the same time strengthening human resources, a quantitative and qualitative approach is used to consider the existing level of cooperation, and to hypothetically analyze how the higher intensity of cooperation could maximize the effects arising from the participation of the Republic of Serbia in the Union Civil Protection Mechanism. The expected result refers to summarizing open issues, but also open opportunities provided by the Mechanism, with insight into existing processes and activities independently implemented and as a national contact point in accordance with its competencies at the inter-institutional level coordinated by the Sector for Emergency Management of the Ministry of the Interior.

Pravne osnove učešća policije u vanrednim situacijama

Police officers who belong to the General Police Directorate of Republic of Serbia, in addition to the numerous powers and tasks they perform, based on the Law on Police, have the obligation to participate in protection and rescue operations. Besides the aforementioned law, the police are recognized as a part of the protection and rescue forces by the Law on Risk Reduction and Emergency Management. The role of the police in emergency situations is very important, and the scope of work of the police officers is expanding over time and becoming more and more diverse, and thus more complex. The police engages in the execution of tasks aimed at the security protection of citizens' property and lives, such as rescue and evacuation from endangered areas, providing first aid, delivery of food, medicine, etc.

Pravni tretman kućnih ljubimaca i životinja koje pomažu osobama sa invaliditetom u vanrednim situacijama

During the catastrophic floods that struck the Republic of Serbia in May 2014, a large number of animals suffered and perished in the floods. The 2009 Emergency Situations Act, which was in force at the time, envisaged a solid legal mechanism for the protection of animals in such situations, which evidently did not function in practice. The most notable issues in the application of this legislative act that surfaced during the May 2014 floods are: the absence of any activities by the competent ministries aimed at preparing and organizing appropriate training courses and seminars; failure to publish any brochures concerning the conduct of animal owners or activities of associations involved in the protection of animals in the event of natural disasters; inadequate engagement of entities which were legally obliged to protect animals during the floods; non-existence of regional rescue teams within the Emergency Sector, specially trained to rescue animals at the time of natural disasters; non-existence of expert-operative teams for the evacuation of animals within the emergency headquarters; non-existence of resident civil protection units specialized in the rescue of animals; non-regulation of special animal rescue procedures from endangered areas in the emergency situation protection and rescue plans; refusal of rescue crews to save both pets and their owners; and the non-existence of shelters where both pets and their owners would stay during a natural disaster. The application of other legislative acts regulating the subject matter of animal protection and welfare, such as the Veterinary Medicine Act and the Animal Welfare Act of the Republic of Serbia, seems to have been equally ineffective during the May 2014 floods. For instance, a large number of owned dogs and cats could not have been found in the flooded areas because they were not registered, ID-marked or properly tagged. In the meantime, the Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Management Act was adopted in 2018. In this paper, the author primarily focuses on the legal solutions envisaged in this legislative act, in order to establish whether and to what extent the Serbian legislator has made an effort to address the aforesaid problems and demonstrated good will to legally regulate this subject matter.

Uticaj krivičnog prava na smanjenje rizika od katastrofa

The author discusses the importance of criminal justice protection in the Republic of Serbia in reducing the risk of disasters. The main assumption is that criminal law also has an impact on the valid application of disaster risk reduction rules, apropos, their prevention. The analysis begins with a theoretical determination of the character of the criminal response (subsidiarity, general and special prevention), then clarifying the meaning of certain terms that constitute a risk reduction system, that are part of the country's national security system (disasters, accidents, emergencies, calamities, etc). We will analyze crimes such as Aggravated larceny committed during a fire, flood, earthquake or other calamity, failure to take part in eliminating a general hazard, and for this area characteristic of crimes against the environment and general safety of people and property. Prescribing these crimes (in addition to the provisions of the Law on disaster risk reduction and emergency management), expands the possibilities of protection against injury or endangerment of goods "affected by disasters". These incriminations further "strengthen" citizens' obligations as subjects of a disaster risk reduction system. Given the importance of security culture in this area, we will examine the adequacy of existing criminal regulations and consider the possible need to change existing or introduce new incriminations. A review will also be given on the reasons for delegating jurisdiction over these occurrences.