Risk Prevention System Research Articles

Game Behavior Analysis of Social Proportion on Low Carbon Energy Technology Innovation Risk

With the prominence of energy crisis and environmental pollution problem, low carbon energy technology innovation is becoming the key of global economy sustainable development. But, for the particularity of technology, the low carbon energy technology innovation has enormous risk. Therefore proportion of low carbon energy technology innovation risk through social channels slowly becomes the crux to promoting the development of low carbon energy technology innovation. As the core subjects in risk proportion of technological innovation, enterprises and social risk-sharing organizations all start to select and adjust their strategy in exploration and trial and error and to seek equilibrium point of interest, thus form a dynamic game process. In this paper, the premise of bounded rationality assumptions of evolutionary game theory has been used as an analytical tool to construct evolutionary game model of social proportion of technological innovation risk, and thus to the stability analysis for both the main strategy of evolution. Results of the evolutionary game analysis show that the participation of a third promoting force play a decisive role in the operation and development of social proportion system of technological innovation risk, thus this paper raised conceptions and recommendations for the government that they should take part in the risk prevention system of low carbon energy technology innovation as a conductor and coordinator.

The state of risk prevention in a sample of Australian hospitals, medical centres and allied health services

This paper reports on an investigation into five risk prevention factors (technology, people, organisational structure, culture and top management psychology) to inform organisational preparedness planning and to update managers on the state of health care services. Data were collected by means of a 10-question, cross-sectional survey of key decision-making executives in eight different types of 75 health care organisations. Many organisations were found to have deficient risk prevention practices and allied health organisations were considerably worse than health organisations. Forty per cent of hospitals and chiropractic practices had out-dated or poor technology. Results on organisational culture and structure found that many executives associate these factors with risk prevention, but none of them appreciate the relationship between these factors and crisis causation. Gaps and areas for improvement are identified and a change in top management attitude is recommended to address resource allocation and implement appropriate risk prevention systems and mechanisms. Reactive managers need to increase their awareness of risks in order to become capable of preventing them. Proactive managers are those who invest in risk prevention.

The use of pesticides in French viticulture: a badly controlled technology transfer!

The use of pesticides is one of the techniques employed in modern agriculture and in particular in intensive agriculture. The risks for the environment and for worker health have been debated in western countries for about ten years. Recent developments in epidemiology, toxicology and ergotoxicology have clearly revealed that pesticides could harm the health of farmers (cancers, neurological diseases and reproductive disorders). Failures and shortcomings in the risk prevention systems have also come to light. This paper aims to address the risks associated to the use of pesticides in French vineyards. The chosen approach draws from an anthropological approach as well as from developments in ergotoxicology applied to the French vineyard work. We shall discuss the use of pesticides from the point of view of the transfer of technology. Our recent research has shown that this technology transfer was not completely controlled by the different stakeholders.

Societal Impact of Spaceflight (review)

Reviewed by: Societal Impact of Spaceflight Andrew Baird Societal Impact of Spaceflight. Edited by Steven J. Dick and Roger D. Launius. Washington: NASA, 2007. ISBN 978-0-16-080190-7. Photographs. Illustrations. Tables. Figures. Notes. Index. Pp. xv, 680. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office at bookstore.gpo.gov. The purely technological aspects and political ramifications of the Space Age receive extensive coverage in the literature of aerospace history. The influence of spaceflight on culture, ideology, and economics receives less attention but is perhaps the more important topic. Without a clear understanding of the effects of technology on society, we run the risk of simply celebrating the technical achievement and forgetting the unintended consequences that inevitably follow these events. Societal Impact of Spaceflight is the result of a conference, sponsored by the NASA History Division and the National Air and Space Museum's Division of Space History in September 2006. Essays from a number of leading scholars in aerospace studies cover a wide range of topics on this societal impact. Together they form an extensive study of spaceflight's influence, or lack of influence, on humans across the planet. The central theme of this anthology centers on a mandate contained in the legislation that created NASA. It charged the agency not only with conducting research in aeronautics and spaceflight but also with assessing the impact of aerospace activities and technology on society. While NASA has often met this charge superficially through the years, the 2006 conference, and the resulting book, have provided a deeper look at the myriad ways in which the activities of space programs seem to influence culture and society. Not surprisingly, there are many positive benefits that have accrued over the years but the activities of the Space Age have also not met the expectations of many observers. With such an extensive work, it is impossible to provide a summary of every topic covered. The book contains thirty-three essays by different authors organized into seven sections. As with the conference, each section groups similar essays by context. In attempting to put the societal effects of spaceflight into perspective, the work also highlights the difficulty in making such assessments. The first chapter demonstrates that while measurement of these effects may be quite subjective, the use of methods such as comparative analysis or contextual comparison may mitigate some of the weaknesses of interpretation. Thus the book begins with a useful perspective for gauging the accuracy of such judgments. This theme carries forward into the second section, which seeks to determine the turning points in space history. [End Page 1018] The various essays examine the oft-mentioned turning points such as the first human in space, the Apollo 11 landing, the space shuttle decision, the beginning of U.S. and Russian cooperation with the end of the Cold War, and the emergence of the Chinese space program. However, most of the chapters reflect the difficulty of assigning a turning point label to any event or series of events. For example, the examination of the impact of the Apollo program on the American mindset reveals that while it may be the first step towards future exploration of the solar system and beyond, for most Americans its relevance has faded with the memory. Other sections examine the commercial and economic effects of space programs and the impact of satellites in areas such as communications, navigation, environmental research, and military reconnaissance. Among the many outgrowths of space programs are some surprising benefits. The NASA risk prevention system used to safeguard astronaut food is currently in use by many U.S. food producers and processors under regulations adopted by the Food and Drug Administration. The final sections cover many of the social, cultural, and ideological consequences of the Space Age. Social effects on the U.S. space program also receive notice due to the influence of the Civil Rights Movement and the quest for women's rights in the 1960s and 1970s. One chapter, covering the influence of spaceflight on education, reaches the conclusion that little evidence beyond the anecdotal exists to make the case for major transformations in the American education system. Another demonstrates the waning popular...

Study on the Small and Middle-Sized Enterprises Credit Guarantee Legal System

In this article, we put forward the small and middle-sized enterprises (SMEs) credit guarantee is the effective measure to solve the financing difficulty for SMEs. Through the analysis of the actuality of Chinese SMEs credit guarantee legal system, we try to find the shortages such as the deficiency of the SMEs special guarantee legislation, the unreasonable capital financing structure, the risk prevention and control system without legal references, and the imperfect credit legal system. According to present shortages, we put forward corresponding advices, i.e. constituting basic law of the SMEs credit guarantee and perfecting the credit laws system.