Risk Of Sleep Apnea Research Articles

Portable polygraphic device (Somnocheck micro CARDIO®) provides accurate diagnostic information in psychiatric patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnoea: an observational cohort study

BackgroundSymptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) overlap significantly with those of psychiatric disorders, making accurate diagnosis of OSA challenging within psychiatric settings. Diagnosing OSA in psychiatric patients is crucial because untreated OSA can exacerbate psychiatric symptoms, reduce treatment efficacy, and impair overall quality of life. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a readily accessible procedure for psychiatric patients in a real-world clinical setting by comparing the Somnocheck micro CARDIO® (SCm) portable cardiorespiratory polygraphy device with the gold standard polysomnography (PSG).MethodsThis observational cohort study included consecutive psychiatric patients at intermediate to high risk for OSA based on screening with the STOP-Bang questionnaire, admitted to a single tertiary care centre between June 1, 2016 and December 31, 2022. The Apnoea-Hypopnoea-Index (AHI), Apnoea-Index (AI), Oxygen-Desaturation-Index (ODI), and minimum oxygen saturation were measured sequentially by SCm and PSG.ResultsA total of 57 patients were analysed (median age 62.0 [Interquartile Range (IQR), 51.5–72.5] years; 34 [59.6%] men). Regarding AHI, no significant differences (AHI measured by PSG, median, 16.6 [IQR, 6.2–26.7] vs. AHI measured by SCm, median, 14.9 [IQR, 10.0-22.8]; p = 0.812; r = 0.71) were found between SCm and PSG. AI, ODI and minimum oxygen saturation differed significantly between SCm and PSG. Using optimised cut-off values (any OSA: AHISCm ≥ 9.25), SCm showed high sensitivity (0.894) and high specificity (0.800) for the diagnosis of OSA, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.877.ConclusionsThis study found that the SCm portable device was accurate in identifying psychiatric patients with OSA. AHI measurement by SCm provided reliable diagnostic performance in comparison with the gold standard polysomnography. These findings support the integration of polygraphic measurements into the routine sleep assessment of psychiatric patients. Early and accurate diagnosis of OSA in this population can significantly improve the management of both sleep disorders and psychiatric conditions, potentially enhancing overall treatment outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Screening for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea by using heart rate variability features based on random forest algorithm.

More than 80% of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are still not diagnosed timely. The prediction model based on random forest (RF) algorithm was established by using heart rate variability (HRV), clinical and demographic features so as to screen for the patients with high risk of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea. The sleep monitoring data of 798 patients were randomly divided into training set (n = 558) and test set (n = 240) in 7:3 proportion. Grid search was applied to determine the best parameters of the RF model. 10-fold cross validation was utilized to evaluate the predictive performance of the RF model, which was then compared to the performance of the Logistic regression model. Among the 798 patients, 638 were males and 160 were females, with the average age of 43.51 years old and the mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.92kg/m2. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve for RF model and Logistic regression model were 94.68% vs. 73.94%; 73.08% vs. 86.54%; 90.00% vs. 76.67%; 0.94 vs. 0.83 and 0.83 vs. 0.80 respectively. The RF prediction model can effectively distinguish patients with moderate to severe OSA, which is expected to carry out in a large-scale population in order to screening for high-risk patients, and helps to evaluate the effect of OSA treatment continuously.

Obstructive sleep apnea risk and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAlthough obstructive sleep apnea affects people all across the world, there is limited information about the conditions in developing countries, notably in Africa. This study was conducted to address the aforementioned gaps by assessing the prevalence and determinants of obstructive sleep apnea risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa.MethodsTo strengthen the credibility and transparency of the study the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA—P 2015) guideline were utilized for the review. Two independent reviewers searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and African Journal Online. The researchers used Microsoft Excel for initial data import and STATA software for statistical analysis. Cochran’s Q test was used to assess the presence of significant statistical heterogeneity I² statistic also used to quantify the degree of heterogeneity.ResultsElectronic searches produced a total of 1072 papers. The study estimates that the pooled prevalence of OSA risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa is 41.13% (95% CI: 17.95–54.30, I² = 89.4%). There was significant heterogeneity among the selected studies (Q test P < 0.001) and I² (I² = 89.4%). Hypertension (AOR = 4.07, 95%CI: 2.84, 5.81), being male (AOR = 3.06, 95%CI: 0.97, 9.62), body mass index of ≥ 30 kg/m² (AOR = 3.05, 95%CI: 0.86, 10.83) and neck circumference of 40 cm (AOR = 8.55, 95%CI: 4.83, 15.12) were factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThe study found a high prevalence of high-risk obstructive sleep apnea risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Male gender, body mass index of ≥ 30 kg/m² (obesity), neck circumference of > 40 cm and comorbid hypertension were significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea risk among the study participants. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating obstructive sleep apnea screening and evaluation procedures into routine follow-up care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Anestesias de pacientes de alto risco durante a abordagem cirúrgica: Estratégias adaptadas para pacientes com comorbidades

Introduction: The anesthetic management of high-risk patients, especially those with significant comorbidities, represents an important clinical challenge. This study reviews the anesthetic strategies adapted for these patients, focusing on interventions that can minimize perioperative complications and improve surgical outcomes. Methods: Studies published between 2010 and 2024 were analyzed, using databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and the Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology. The review included randomised controlled trials that compared different anaesthetic techniques and their implications for high-risk patients. Studies without a control group were excluded from the analysis. Results: The results indicated that patients at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea have a higher incidence of adverse respiratory events, which highlights the importance of specific anesthetic strategies for this population. Pressure-controlled volume-assured ventilation (PCV-VG) was superior to volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position, providing better ventilatory parameters and oxygenation. Costoclavicular block has been identified as an effective and safe technique for upper limb anesthesia in obese patients, reducing the need for general anesthesia. In cardiac surgeries, glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) administration has been shown to be beneficial, reducing adverse cardiac events and improving hemodynamic stability. Finally, spinal anesthesia has been shown to be preferable to general anesthesia in lumbar spine surgeries for high-risk patients, promoting greater intraoperative stability. Conclusion: It is concluded that the personalization of anesthetic strategies is essential to optimize the management of high-risk patients, taking into account individual characteristics and comorbidities. Careful choice of anesthetic techniques can minimize complications, improve postoperative outcomes, and ensure a safer recovery. The integration of new evidence and the adoption of multidisciplinary approaches are essential to improve perioperative care and promote better outcomes in complex and vulnerable patients.

Multiple sclerosis treatment underutilization predicts high risk for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population, which suggests MS may predispose patients to OSA. However, the relationships between MS treatment, disease activity, disease severity, fatigue, and OSA are unknown. ObjectivesTo evaluate the connections between OSA risk, MS fatigue, and MS severity, controlling for well-established risk factors for OSA in the general population. MethodsWe administered OSA and fatigue-related questionnaires to patients with MS and collected relevant demographic and clinical data. Then, we utilized multivariate logistic regression to examine relationships between OSA risk and MS disease severity. ResultsWe identified an inverse correlation between medication possession ratio (MPR) and high OSA risk. Statistical models also demonstrated a positive correlation between fatigue and nonwhite race with high OSA risk, controlling for male sex, younger age, and body mass index (BMI). ConclusionWe identified disease-modifying therapy (DMT) underutilization, fatigue, and nonwhite race as predictors of high OSA risk in patients with MS. These findings support aggressive treatment of MS to avoid risk of comorbid OSA and MS-induced fatigue.

Screening Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Single Tertiary Center Experience

Objective: Current guidelines suggest screening patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal method for OSA risk assessment. We aimed to identify those with diabetes who are at high risk for OSA and investigate the concordance among questionnaires utilized in assessing high OSA risk. Method: STOP, STOP-BANG, and Berlin questionnaires for the assessment of the risk of OSA and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for an investigation of daytime sleepiness were utilized. Results: We included 108 patients, with a median HbA1c of 7.5%, a BMI of 30.7 kg/m², and waist and neck circumferences measuring 104.3 cm and 38.9 cm, respectively. On ESS, 10.2% of patients had excessive daytime sleepiness. According to Berlin (38.9%), the number of patients at high risk of OSA was found to be lower than that of in STOP (53.7%) and STOP-BANG (68.5%) questionnaires. For patients with a BMI

Sex differences in sleep and sleep-disordered breathing.

There is increasing evidence for relevant sex differences in pathophysiology, symptom presentation and outcomes in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, research on sex differences and sex-specific phenotypes in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is still in its infancy and data on sex differences in other SDB is still very scarce. While OSA is more common in men than in premenopausal women, the prevalence of OSA doubles postmenopausally and becomes comparable to that of men. Women have a lower collapsibility of the upper airway and a lower arousal threshold. In addition, the rapid eye movement (REM)-apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) is typically higher in women than in men, but the non-REM-AHI and thus the total AHI is often lower. Women are often symptomatic at lower AHI and present more frequently with symptoms of sleep fragmentation and poor sleep quality. Both certain forms of OSA (e.g. REM-OSA) and certain phenotypes (e.g. COMISA) are more common in women. Men have a higher risk of high loop gain central sleep apnoea. For a better understanding of sex-typical phenotypes with the aim of a more targeted treatment approach of SDB, adequately powered studies on sex differences in SDB should be conducted.

Early detection and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in infants with Down syndrome: a prospective, non-randomised, controlled, interventional study

Infants with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and behaviour problems. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of early OSA treatment in infants with DS on neurocognitive development and behaviour. In this prospective, interventional, non-randomised study, 40 infants with DS underwent polysomnography (PSG) every 6 months in room air between 6 and 36 months of age (Screened Group) and were compared to a control group of 40 infants with DS receiving standard of care and a single, systematic PSG in room air at 36 months of age (Standard Care Group). When present, OSA was treated. The primary endpoint was the total score of the Griffiths Scales of Child Development, Third Edition (Griffiths III) and its subscores at 36 months. Secondary endpoints included a battery of neurocognitive and behaviour questionnaires, and PSG outcomes. On the Griffiths III, the total score was significantly higher in the Screened Group compared to the Standard Care Group (difference: 4.1; 95%CI: 1.3; 7.6; p=0.009). Results in Griffiths III subscores and secondary endpoints were in support of better neurocognitive outcomes in the Screened Group compared with the Standard Care Group. At 36 months, median (Q1; Q3) apnoea-hypopnea index was higher in the Standard Care Group (4.0 [1.5; 9.0] events/hour) compared to the Screened Group (1.0 [1.0; 3.0] events/hour, p=0.006). Moderate and severe OSA were more frequent in the Standard Care Group as compared to the Screened Group (18.9% versus 3.7% for moderate OSA and 27.0% versus 7.4% for severe OSA). Early diagnosis and treatment of OSA in infants with DS may contribute to a significantly better neurocognitive outcome and behaviour at the age of 36 months. The study was funded by the Jérôme Lejeune Foundation.

Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes.

The aim of this secondary analysis was to compare the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) versus calorie restriction (CR) and controls on sleep in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adults with T2D (n = 75) were randomized to 1 of 3 interventions for 6 months: 8 h TRE (eating only between 12 and 8 pm daily); CR (25% energy restriction daily); or control. Our results show that TRE has no effect on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity, or risk of obstructive sleep apnea, relative to CR and controls, in patients with T2D over 6 months.

Testing of the Czech questionnaire for identifying children at risk of obstructive sleep apnea

This study aimed to create a Czech questionnaire for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) risk screening, a first of its kind in the Czech Republic, where options for child polysomnography are limited. Compiling items from established English questionnaires and supplementing them with additional items, we designed the first version of the Czech questionnaire and tested it in a pilot study with parents of 30 children. After pilot feedback, a revised version with dichotomous and 5-item Likert scale questions was tested on 71 children’s parents. All children (7–12 years old) underwent a home sleep apnea test to record their apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). The second (40-item) version showed high reliability (93%), with 17 items identified as the most significant. Findings from the final 17-item SEN CZ questionnaire correlated positively with AHI (p < 0.001), demonstrating 84% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and 93% reliability. Three factors, namely breathing problems, inattention, and hyperactivity (characterized by multiple items), were identified to form a higher-order factor of POSA risk, which was further supported by the correlations of their total scores with AHI (p < 0.001). The resulting SEN CZ questionnaire can serve as a tool for POSA risk screening in the Czech Republic without the need to involve medical professionals.

Comparison between the Risk of Developing Sleep Disorders with Lung Mechanics and Thoracic Ultrasound Signals in Adults with Obesity

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to compare the risk of developing sleep disorders with abnormalities in lung mechanics, abnormal ultrasound signals, and anthropometric parameters in adults with obesity. Materials and Methods A total of 50 individuals were assessed for the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using the Mallampati classification, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed Apnea, High Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Age, Neck Circumference, and Gender (STOP-Bang) questionnaire, and the Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS). Patients also underwent respiratory oscillometry, spirometry, and thoracic ultrasound. Results The subgroup with abnormal respiratory oscillometry was more likely to have an ESS score indicating a high risk of developing OSA (87.5%) than the subgroup with normal respiratory oscillometry (42.9%) (p = 0.024). On thoracic ultrasound, the frequency of patients with a Mallampati classification of high risk of developing OSA was greater in the subgroup with &gt; 2 B-lines (80%) than in the subgroup with ≤ 2 B-lines (25.7%) (p = 0.0003). The subgroup with subpleural consolidations was more likely to have an OSA-indicative ESS score (100%) than the subgroup without subpleural consolidations (41.9%) (p = 0.004). According to the multivariate analysis, &gt; 2 B lines and body mass index were found to be independent variables for predicting the Mallampati classification, while subpleural consolidation was the only independent variable for predicting the ESS score. Conclusion In adults with obesity, the greater the risk of developing OSA was, the worse the resistive and reactive parameters measured by respiratory oscillometry. Abnormal respiratory oscillometry and abnormal thoracic ultrasound are factors associated with a high risk of developing OSA.

Association between adherence to life’s simple 7 metrics and risk of obstructive sleep apnea among adults in the United States

BackgroundWe aimed to explore the impact of adherence to Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) metrics on risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the impact of inflammation on the association, in adults in the United States.MethodsData from 13,825 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 20 years recruited in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2005–2008, 2015–2018 was analyzed. The LS7 score was calculated based on the AHA definition of LS7 metrics. The diagnosis of OSA was based on self-reported symptoms of sleep disturbance using a standard questionnaire. The Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) Index score was also calculated to assess the risk of OSA. Log-binominal regression and negative binomial regression were performed to estimate the associations between LS7 and OSA and MAP index, with odds ratios (ORs) and prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. Mediation analysis was performed to estimate the mediating effects of inflammatory indicators on the associations.ResultsA total of 4473 participants (32.4%) had OSA, and the mean MAP index was 0.39. In fully adjusted log-binominal regression models, with total score < 6 as the reference, the ORs (95% CIs) for risk of OSA were 0.90 (0.73, 1.10), 0.76 (0.65, 0.89), 0.78 (0.64, 0.95), and 0.45 (0.38, 0.54) for total score = 6, total score = 7, total score = 8, and total score > 8, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). When LS7 score was analyzed as a continuous variable, each 1-point increase in LS7 score was associated with a 15% decrease in OSA risk (P < 0.001). In negative binominal regression models, the adjusted PRs (95% CIs) for the MAP index were 0.93 (0.90, 0.97), 0.87 (0.84, 0.91), 0.80 (0.77, 0.84), and 0.55 (0.53, 0.57) for total score = 6, total score = 7, total score = 8, and total score > 8, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). For each 1-point increase in LS7 score, the risk of OSA decreased by 13% (P < 0.001). Consistent results were observed in subgroup analysis. Mediation analysis indicated that inflammatory factors, including blood cell count, neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein, positively mediated the association of LS7 with OSA, with a mediation proportion of 0.022 (P = 0.04), 0.02 (P = 0.04), and 0.02 (P = 0.02), respectively.ConclusionsIn a nationally representative sample of US adults, adherence to LS7 metrics was independently associated with reduced OSA risk. Inflammation plays a mediating role in the association between LS7 and OSA.

Long-term mortality risk in obstructive sleep apnea: the critical role of oxygen desaturation index.

Mortality predictors in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients yet to be comprehensively understood, especially within large cohorts undergoing long-term follow-up. We aimed to determine the independent predictors of mortality in OSA patients. In our retrospective cohort study, 3,541 patients were included and survival data was obtained from electronic medical records. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, comorbidities, laboratory tests, and polysomnography parameters were analyzed for the survived and deceased patient groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of all-cause mortality in patients followed for at least 5 years. Among all patients, 2,551 (72%) patients were male, with a mean age of 49.7 years. 231 (6.5%) patients had died. Deceased patients were significantly older and had higher waist-to-hip ratio and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003). OSA (nonpositional and not-rapid eye movement-related), periodic limb movements in sleep and Comorbidities of Sleep Apnea Score ≥ 1 were found to be associated with increased mortality (p < 0.001). Systemic immune-inflammation index was also significantly higher in the deceased group (p < 0.001). Higher oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were associated with increased mortality (p < 0.001). Due to the high correlation between ODI and AHI, two separate multivariate Cox regression models were created. While AHI lost its significance in the multivariate analysis, ODI remained significantly higher in the deceased patient group (HR = 1.007, 1.001-1.013, p = 0.01). ODI, as the only polysomnography parameter, emerged as an independent predictor of mortality in OSA patients.

Exploring the Relationship between Inhaled Corticosteroid Usage, Asthma Severity, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A Systematic Literature Review.

(1) Background: Sleep-disordered breathing and asthma are often interrelated. Children and adults with asthma are more susceptible to sleep apnea. Inhaled corticosteroids effectively reduce inflammation and prevent structural changes in the airways. Objective: to explore the existing literature to determine whether inhaled corticosteroids play a role in sleep-disordered breathing in patients with asthma. (2) Methods: We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for English-language articles published up to 12 May 2024. We utilized the ROBINS-E tool to assess the risk of bias. (4) Conclusions: 136 articles were discerned upon conducting the literature search. A total of 13 articles underwent exhaustive full-text scrutiny, resulting in 6 being considered non-relevant. The remaining seven articles, assessed for eligibility, were incorporated into the final analysis. Five studies were identified in adults and two in children. In adult patients, inhaled corticosteroids, especially at high doses, appear to increase the risk of sleep apnea in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the properties of inhaled corticosteroids, such as particle size, may impact the risk of developing sleep apnea. In children, the severity of asthma is a key factor affecting the prevalence of sleep apnea, whereas inhaled corticosteroids appear to be a less significant risk factor compared to adults. All of the studies reviewed were classified as having a high risk of bias or some concerns regarding bias. Each study revealed at least one type of bias that raised notable concerns. This research highlights a complex interaction between the use of inhaled corticosteroids, the severity of asthma, and the onset of sleep apnea. Additional research is necessary to investigate these relationships further.

Effects of suspension pharyngeal flap on speech in Filipino individuals with velopharyngeal insufficiency.

This study investigated the effects of suspension pharyngeal flap surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) due to cleft palate. Ten Filipino individuals (mean age = 20.63 years, range = 8.4 to 34.9 years) with a cleft palate who underwent suspension pharyngeal flap surgery for VPI were included in this study. Perceptual and instrumental speech assessments were conducted at two different time points: before surgery (data point 1) and after surgery (data point 2, range = 4 to 26 weeks post-operatively). Speech intelligibility in different contexts and satisfaction with speech were assessed by the participants themselves using a self-report questionnaire. Additionally, the risk for obstructive sleep apnea was assessed using the The Berlin Questionnaire. Velopharyngeal gap size significantly decreased after the surgery. Additionally, significant improvements in speech understandability and acceptability were observed following the suspension pharyngeal flap procedure. Besides, a significant reduction in hypernasality, nasal emission, and the occurrence of passive articulation errors was seen. No difference in the occurrence of active articulation errors was observed when comparing data pre- and post-surgery. The ten individuals reported to be significantly more intelligible in different contexts after surgery. Improved speech was observed in individuals who received the suspension pharyngeal flap procedure. This procedure also positively influences an individual's intelligibility in different contexts in daily life. In individuals with persisting active articulation errors, post-surgery speech therapy will still be necessary.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Platelet Aggregation, and Cardiovascular Risk.

Although related, the precise mechanisms linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are unclear. Platelets are mediators of CVD risk and thrombosis and prior studies suggested associations of OSA and platelet activity. The aim of this study is to assess the link between OSA, platelet activity, and CVD-related risk factors. We studied the association of OSA-measures and platelet aggregation in participants dually enrolled in the SHHS (Sleep Heart and Health Study) and FHS (Framingham Heart Study). We applied linear regression models with adjustment for demographic and clinical covariates and explored interactions with OSA and CVD-related factors, including age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, OSA diagnosis (apnea-hypopnea index 4%≥5), and aspirin use. Our final sample was of 482 participants (60 years [14.00], 50.4% female). No associations were observed between apnea-hypopnea index 4% and platelet aggregation in the main sample. Stratified analysis revealed an association in aspirin users (n=65) for our primary exposure (apnea-hypopnea index 4%, β=0.523; P<0.001; n=65), and secondary exposures: hypoxic burden (β=0.358; P<0.001), minimum saturation (β=-0.519; P=0.026), and oxygen desaturation index 3% (β=74.672; P=0.002). No associations were detected in nonaspirin users (n=417). No associations were detected between OSA and platelet aggregation in a community sample. Our finding that OSA associates with increased platelet aggregation in the aspirin group, most of whom use it for primary prevention of CVD, suggests that platelet aggregation may mediate the adverse impact of OSA on vascular health in individuals with existing CVD risk, supporting further investigation.

Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in an Inner-City Minority Population: A Pre and Postoperative Comparison Between Patients With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background Obese patients are at an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Bariatric surgery or weight loss surgery is an important therapeutic measure in obese patients for the management of weight and comorbidities. Data are scarce in inner-city Hispanic and Black patients who undergo bariatric surgery, which eventually leads to health disparity in this minority population. Differences between patients with and without OSA have not been assessed in this population. This study aims to answer these questions. Methodology The study was conducted in a high-volume hospital in the Bronx, New York. Before bariatric surgery, patients underwent a preoperative evaluation that included a variety of blood tests, a sleep study, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and echocardiography. They also underwent basic anthropometric measurements, such as weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), before surgery and 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Additional calculations were made using these anthropometric measures, namely, total weight loss, excess weight loss, and delta BMI. Results Most patients were Hispanic (85.2%), with a mean age of 41.9 ± 10.8 years. We found that of the 108 patients included in the study, 69.4% (70/108) had OSA.Preoperative BMI in the study was 43.9 ± 13 kg/m2. Postoperatively, the mean decrease in BMI was 12.3 ± 14.5 kg/m2. Total weight loss and excess weight loss were 30.2 ± 14.3 and 52.6 ± 16.6, respectively. Conclusions In this study, no significant difference was noted in patients with or without OSA in either the laboratory or anthropometric parameters.

Obstructive sleep apnea risk among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban primary care setting of Mangalore, India.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an under-evaluated and under-treated problem, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, in this study, we aim to determine the risk of OSA among adults with T2DM residing in an urban area of Mangalore and to elucidate the determinants of OSA among the study participants. A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 months among adult patients (≥ 18 years) with T2DM seeking health care at a primary care setting located in an urban area of Mangalore. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured proforma. STOP-BANG questionnaire was used to assess the risk of OSA among the study participants. The measurements, such as height, weight, and neck circumference, were conducted using standard techniques. The mean age of the study participants was 58.12 ± 11.60 years. The majority, (58.30%), were males, and 45.0% reported a family history of T2DM. A total of 108 (60.0%) experienced loud snoring while asleep, while 149 (82.80%) experienced tiredness during daytime. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.64 ± 4.9 kg/m2, while a neck circumference of >40 cms was found in 28.90%. A total of 69 (38.30%) had a high risk of OSA with a STOP-BANG score ranging from 5 to 8, while 71 (39.40%) had a score ranging from 3 to 4 (intermediate risk). The statistically significant associations were found between age >50 years, male gender, and diabetes for ≥ 7 years and high risk of OSA (P < 0.001). More than a third of the study participants had a high risk of OSA. Age > 50 years, male gender, and diabetes for ≥7 years were the factors associated with OSA.

Impact of High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Health-Related Quality of Life: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2019-2021.

Background/Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) impairs quality of life (QoL). However, its disease burden in the general population remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between OSA and health-related QoL in the general Korean population. Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional datasets of adults (≥40 years) in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021. QoL was assessed using the 3-level EuroQoL 5-dimension component (EQ-5D-3L). The high risk of OSA was determined using the STOP-Bang questionnaire (score ≥ 3). Demographic and clinical factors were included in linear regression analyses to identify the factors associated with EQ-5D-3L. Results: Of the 8966 total participants, 6792 (75.8%) and 2174 (24.2%) were classified as having a low risk and high risk of OSA, respectively. The high risk OSA group showed significantly lower QoL scores when compared with the low risk OSA group (0.939 ± 0.003 vs. 0.951 ± 0.002, p < 0.001). However, the mean difference was within the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of EQ-5D-3L. Only females exceeded the MCID for the EQ-5D-3L. Elderly females with a high risk of OSA showed the lowest QoL. The regression coefficient of high risk OSA in the multivariate model was -0.018 (95% CI: -0.025--0.01, p < 0.001). Patient demographics and comorbidities also showed significant associations with the EQ-5D-3L. Their regression coefficient was higher than that of high risk OSA. Conclusions: The impact of high risk OSA on QoL manifested differently according to age and sex. The impact of comorbidities on QoL was greater than that of high risk OSA, highlighting the important role of comorbidities and the need for their adjustment in the assessment of QoL.

Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Abnormalities in School-Aged Children and Adolescents.

The objective of this study is to explore the associations between obesity, body composition, and the self-reported risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to examine whether the risk of OSA is related to metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Utilizing data from the 2022 to 2023 Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort baseline survey, 5000 school-aged participants were analyzed. OSA risk was assessed via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, with anthropometric and body composition measurements taken. Metabolic markers included blood pressure, lipid levels, blood glucose, and uric acid. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear models. Results showed that 88.6% were low-risk and 11.4% were high-risk for OSA. Overweight (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.22-1.92), obesity (aOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.57-2.40), and abdominal obesity (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.31-1.93) significantly increased OSA risk. High fat mass was a critical factor, while muscle mass was not, especially in those who were overweight and obese. Associations of OSA risk with metabolic abnormalities were non-significant after adjusting for BMI. Our research highlights the significant associations of obesity and body composition with OSA risk, with child BMI influencing the relationship between OSA and metabolic abnormalities. Future research should explore causative relationships and the enduring impacts of OSA on metabolic health in children.