Overall Risk Of Death Research Articles

Survival After Development of Contralateral Breast Cancer in Korean Patients With Breast Cancer

Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most frequently diagnosed primary cancer in patients with breast cancer. Although many studies have reported survival after the development of CBC, results have been inconsistent. To investigate whether the development of CBC is associated with survival among patients with breast cancer. This cohort study was conducted at the Asan Medical Center, Korea, among patients who were diagnosed with primary unilateral, nonmetastatic, stage 0 to III breast cancer between 1999 and 2013 and followed up through 2018. The median (IQR) follow-up was 107 (75-143) months. Patients were categorized into CBC and no-CBC groups by whether they developed CBC during the follow-up period. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to March 2023. Development of CBC. Survival rates of CBC and no-CBC groups were compared using a time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model in the entire study population and in subgroup analyses by interval of CBC development and subtype of the primary breast cancer. Among 16 251 patients with breast cancer (all Asian, specifically Korean; mean [SD] age, 48.61 [10.06] years), 418 patients developed CBC. There was no significant difference in overall survival between CBC and no-CBC groups (hazard ratio, 1.166; 95% CI, 0.820-1.657). Patients who developed CBC within 1.5 years after the surgery of the primary breast cancer had a higher risk for overall death during the study period (hazard ratio, 2.014; 95% CI, 1.044-3.886), and those who developed CBC after 1.5 years showed no significant difference in survival compared with the no-CBC group. Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2, formerly HER2)-negative breast cancer had a higher risk for overall death in the CBC group (hazard ratio, 1.882; 95% CI, 1.143-3.098) compared with the no-CBC group. This study found that development of CBC in patients with breast cancer was not associated with survival but that early development of CBC after diagnosis of the primary breast cancer or development of CBC in patients with HR-positive/ERBB2-negative breast cancer was associated with survival. These results may provide valuable information for patients seeking advice on opting for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.

Causes of death after testicular cancer diagnosis: a US population-based analysis

BackgroundAfter the introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, the survival time of testicular cancer (TC) patients has improved dramatically. However, the overall risk of death in patients with TC remains significantly higher than in the general population. The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the causes of death after TC diagnosis.MethodIn total, 44,975 men with TC in the United States diagnosed and registered by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2000 to 2018 were studied. In this study, standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated for each cause of death in TC individuals and further analyzed in strata according to age and race.ResultOf the included participants, 3,573 (7.94%) died during the follow-up period. The greatest proportion of deaths (38.20%) occurred within 1 to 5 years after diagnosis. Most deaths occurred from TC itself and other cancers. For non-malignant conditions, the most common causes of death within 1 years after diagnosis were accidents and adverse effects (53, 4.75%) followed by diseases of heart (45, 4.04%). However, > 1 years after diagnosis, the most common noncancer causes of death were heart diseases. Results of stratified analysis show that non-Hispanic White TC participants have a lower SMR (0.68, 95% CI, 33.39–38.67) from Cerebrovascular Diseases than the general U.S. population.ConclusionsAlthough TC remains the most common cause of death after TC diagnosis, other non-TC causes of death represent a significant number of deaths among TC men. These findings help TC survivors understand the various health risks that may occur at different follow-up periods.

Oncological outcomes of standard versus prolonged time to surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer in the multicentre, randomised, controlled NeoRes II trial

The optimal time to surgery (TTS) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for oesophageal cancer is unknown and has traditionally been 4-6 weeks in clinical practice. Observational studies have suggested better outcomes, especially in terms of histological response, after prolonged delay of up to 3 months after nCRT. The NeoRes II trial is the first randomised trial to compare standard to prolonged TTS after nCRT for oesophageal cancer. Patients with resectable, locally advanced oesophageal cancer were randomly assigned to standard delay of surgery of 4-6 weeks or prolonged delay of 10-12 weeks after nCRT. The primary endpoint was complete histological response of the primary tumour in patients with adenocarcinoma (AC). Secondary endpoints included histological tumour response, resection margins, overall and progression-free survival in all patients and stratified by histologic type. Between February 2015 and March 2019, 249 patients from 10 participating centres in Sweden, Norway and Germany were randomised: 125 to standard and 124 to prolonged TTS. There was no significant difference in complete histological response between AC patients allocated to standard (21%) compared to prolonged (26%) TTS (P= 0.429). Tumour regression, resection margins and number of resected lymph nodes, total and metastatic, did not differ between the allocated interventions. The first quartile overall survival in patients allocated to standard TTS was 26.5 months compared to 14.2 months after prolonged TTS (P= 0.003) and the overall risk of death during follow-up was 35% higher after prolonged delay (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 0.94-1.95, P= 0.107). Prolonged TTS did not improve histological complete response or other pathological endpoints, while there was a strong trend towards worse survival, suggesting caution in routinely delaying surgery for >6 weeks after nCRT.

Association between glycated haemoglobin and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective cohort study in UK biobank.

To investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidents in the general population, and the association between HbA1c levels and mortality in patients with COPD. We investigated the association of HbA1c levels with COPD risk in the general population in the UK Biobank, using data from 420 065 participants. Survival analysis was conducted for 18 854 patients with COPD. We used restricted cubic spline analysis to assess the dose-response relationship between HbA1c levels and COPD risk and survival. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 11 556 COPD cases were recorded. HbA1c had a non-linear relationship with COPD risk (p for non-linearity < .05). Compared with the quintile 2 (32.2-<34.3 mmol/mol), those with HbA1c levels above 38.7 mmol/mol (quintile 5) had a 22% (HR, 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15-1.30) higher risk of COPD. Compared with the HbA1c decile 2 (30.5-<32.2 mmol/mol), the HRs (95% CI) of COPD risk were 1.16 (1.03-1.30) and 1.36 (1.24-1.50) in the lowest HbA1c decile (<30.5 mmol/mol) and highest decile (≥41.0 mmol/mol), respectively. The increased COPD risk associated with HbA1c was more pronounced in younger, current smokers, passive smokers, and participants with a higher Townsend deprivation index (all p for interaction < .05). Among patients with COPD, 4569 COPD cases died (488 because of COPD) during a median follow-up of 5.4 years. Regarding COPD survival, HbA1c had a non-linear relationship with all-cause death (p for non-linearity < .05). Those with HbA1c quintile 5 (≥38.7 mmol/mol) had a 23% (HR, 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10-1.37) higher risk of all-cause death compared with the quintile 2 (32.2-<34.3 mmol/mol). Compared with the HbA1c decile 4 (33.3-<34.3 mmol/mol), those in the lowest HbA1c decile (<30.5 mmol/mol) and highest HbA1c decile (≥41.0 mmol/mol) had 22% (HR, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01-1.47) and 28% (HR, 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11-1.48) higher risk for overall death. However, no significant association was observed between HbA1c levels and the risk of COPD-specific death. Our findings indicated that lower and higher HbA1c levels were associated with a higher risk of COPD. In COPD cases, lower and higher HbA1c levels were associated with a higher COPD all-cause death risk.

Effect of dietary patterns on the prognosis of breast cancer patients

Breast cancer (BC) is a serious threat to women's health. Higher BC risk is allegedly related to personal lifestyle like diet. However, it is still unclear how dietary quality affect BC survivors. This meta-analyse aimed to figure out it. The highest and lowest categories of healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns were compared by using the random-effects meta-analyses, which combined relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that were multivariable-adjusted. 11 eligible articles, including two RCTs, three case-control studies, and six cohort studies, were found and included in this paper after they met the inclusion criteria. According to the pooled analyses, when compared to the lowest group, women with the highest quality healthy diet (highest quintile/quartile/tertile) had 24% lower risk of overall death(random effects (RR = 0.76; 95%CI = 0.67-0.86), 16% lower risk of BC specific death (random effects (RR = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.75-0.94), 28% lower risk of No-BC death (random effects (RR = 0.72; 95%CI = 0.63-0.83),and 4% higher risk of recurrence (random effects (RR = 1.04; 95%CI = 0.97-1.12). According to our meta-analysis, consuming a high-quality healthy diet was linked to a lower risk of all-cause death. The results could have significant effects on encouraging the use of daily dietary treatment regimen to benefit breast cancer patients. To achieve better long-term survival and better quality of life for BC patients, definitively establishing effective interventions will necessarily require further researches.

Reassessing surgical guidelines for papillary thyroid cancer impact on survival: Expanding indications for lobectomy

BackgroundComparisons of lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer have not addressed significant threats to valid inference from observational data. The purpose of this study was to compare survival after lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer while addressing bias from unmeasured confounding. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 84,300 patients treated with lobectomy or total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2017. The primary outcome was overall survival evaluated by flexible parametric survival models and inverse probability weighting on the propensity score. Bias from unobserved confounding was assessed using two-way deterministic sensitivity analysis and 2-stage least squares regression. ResultsThe median age of treated patients was 48 years (interquartile range, 37–59), 78% were women, and 76% were white. We found no statistically significant differences in overall survival or 5- and 10-year survival between patients treated with lobectomy or total thyroidectomy. Additionally, we found no statistically significant difference in survival by subgroups, including tumor size (<4 cm or ≥4 cm), age (<65 or ≥65), or estimated risk of mortality. Sensitivity analyses suggested that an unmeasured confounder would need to have an extremely large effect to change the primary finding. ConclusionThis is the first study to compare lobectomy and total thyroidectomy outcomes while adjusting for and quantifying the potential effects of unmeasured confounding variables on observational data. The findings suggest that total thyroidectomy is unlikely to offer a survival advantage over lobectomy regardless of tumor size, patient age, or overall risk of death.

Effect of statins on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: An illusion revealed by exposure density sampling.

Statins have been reported to reduce overall death and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in liver transplantation (LT) recipients. However, previous retrospective studies have significant flaws in immortal time bias. Using data from 658 patients who received LT for HCC, we matched 140 statin users with statin nonusers in a 1:2 ratio at the time of the first statin administration after LT using the exposure density sampling (EDS). The propensity score, calculated using baseline variables (including explant pathology), was used for EDS to equilibrate both groups. HCC recurrence and overall death were compared after adjusting for information at the time of sampling. Among statin users, the median time to statin start was 219 (IQR 98-570) days, and intensity of statins was mainly moderate (87.1%). Statin users and nonusers sampled using EDS showed well-balanced baseline characteristics, including detailed tumour pathology, and similar HCC recurrence with cumulative incidences of 11.3% and 11.8% at 5 years, respectively (p = .861). In multivariate Cox models (HR 1.04, p = .918) and subgroup analyses, statins did not affect HCC recurrence. Conversely, statin users showed a significantly lower risk of overall death than nonusers (HR 0.28, p < .001). There was no difference in the type and intensity of statin usage between statin users who experienced HCC recurrence and those who did not. Upon controlling immortal time bias by EDS, statins did not affect HCC recurrence but reduced mortality after LT. Statin usage is encouraged for survival benefits but not for preventing HCC recurrence in LT recipients.

Total Arterial Revascularization in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Total arterial revascularization (TAR) has gradually become accepted and recognized, but its effect and safety in diabetic patients are not clear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the safety and efficacy of TAR and additionally evaluated the clinical outcomes of arterial revascularization using different arterial deployments in patients with diabetes. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to July 2022 for studies that studied the effect of arterial revascularization in diabetic patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) were searched. The primary outcome was long-term ( 12 months of follow-up) death by any cause. The secondary efficacy endpoints were long-term ( 12 months) cardiovascular death, early sternal wound infection (SWI) and death ( 30 days or in hospital). Risk ratios (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to describe short-term results and long-term survival outcomes. Two different ways were used to analyze the effect of TAR and the impact of diabetes on the clinical outcomes of TAR. Thirty-five studies were included in the study, covering 178,274 diabetic patients. Compared to conventional surgery with saphenous veins, TAR was not associated with increased early mortality (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.48-1.23) and risk of SWI (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.46-1.28). The overall Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on reconstructed patient data indicated a significant association between TAR and reduced late mortality (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.48-0.67) and the curves based on the propensity-score matched (PSM) analyses suggested a similar result (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.85). TAR could also effectively decrease the risk of cardiovascular death (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24-0.75). Through comparing the effect of TAR in patients with and without diabetes, we found that the presence of diabetes did not elevate the risk of early adverse events (death: RR 1.50, 95% CI 0.64-3.49; SWI: RR 2.52, 95% CI 0.91-7.00). Although diabetes increased long-term mortality (HR 1.06; 95% CI 1.35-2.03), the cardiovascular death rate was similar in patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.49-2.45). Regarding the selection of arterial conduits, grafting via the bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) decreased the risk of overall death (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52-0.85) and cardiovascular death (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.87) without resulting in a significantly elevated rate of early death (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.82-1.11). However, the evidence from PSM studies indicated no difference between the long-term mortality of the BIMA group and that of the single internal mammary arteries (SIMA) groups (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.52-1.11), and the risk of SWI was significantly increased by BIMA in diabetes (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.42-1.91). The sub-analysis indicated the consistent benefit of the radial artery (RA) application in diabetic patients (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.63-0.79) compared to saphenous vein graft. In two propensity-score-matched studies, the evidence showed that the survival outcomes of the BIMA group were similar to that of the SIMA plus RA group but that grafting via the RA reduced the risk of sternal wound infection. Compared with conventional surgery using SVG, TAR was associated with an enhanced survival benefit in diabetes and this long-term gain did not increase the risk of early mortality or SWI. Given the increased infection risk and controversial long-term survival gains of grafting via the BIMA in diabetes, its wide use for grafting in this cohort should be seriously considered. Compared to using the right internal mammary artery (RIMA), RA might be a similarly effective but safer option for patients with diabetes.

Palbociclib (P) plus tamoxifen (TAM) ± goserelin in women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC): Primary results of NCCH1607/PATHWAY, an Asian international double-blind randomized phase 3 trial.

LBA1068 Background: In Asian countries, BC incidence rates are rising, with a higher proportion of pre/perimenopausal (pre/peri-M) patients (pts). Data on treatment options for pre/peri-M pts are limited. Adding P to endocrine therapy (ET), such as aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant, has improved progression-free survival (PFS) in phase 3 studies. However, the efficacy and safety of P in combination with TAM are still unclear in pts with HR+/HER2− ABC regardless of M status. This combination was investigated in PATHWAY (NCT03423199): a double-blind randomized phase 3 trial conducted in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Singapore. The study was conducted as a Clinical Research Collaboration with the National Cancer Center Hospital being the regulatory sponsor and Pfizer providing drug and financial support. Methods: Women with HR+/HER2− ABC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either P (125 mg once daily, days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle) or placebo in combination with TAM (20 mg once daily, continuously) as 1st or 2nd line treatment for ABC. Pre/peri-M women received concurrent ovarian function suppression with goserelin. Pts were stratified by 1st vs 2nd line ET and M status. The primary endpoint was PFS as assessed by investigators. Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), objective response, safety, and patient-reported outcomes. Results: A total of 184 pts were assigned to P + TAM (91 pts) and placebo + TAM (93 pts). At data cutoff date (Sep 15, 2022), 138 PFS events had occurred. Median follow-up was 40.9 months for censored pts. Median PFS was 24.4 months (95% CI: 13.1, 32.4) with P + TAM and 11.1 months (95% CI: 7.4, 14.6) with placebo + TAM (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.602 [95% CI: 0.428, 0.848], 1-sided p-value from stratified log rank test: 0.002). The HRs for PFS of the subgroups by stratification factors were as follows: for pts with 1st line ET (HR: 0.521 [95% CI: 0.332, 0.817]) or with 2nd line ET (HR: 0.707 [95% CI: 0.421, 1.189]), and for pre/peri-M pts (HR: 0.378 [95% CI: 0.192, 0.742]) or post-M pts (HR: 0.677 [95% CI: 0.456, 1.005]). While OS data were still immature, the primary analysis showed a 27% reduction in overall risk of death (median OS: not reached in both arms, HR: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.442, 1.207]). 93.4% of pts with P + TAM vs. 20.4% of pts with placebo + TAM had grade (G) ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The most frequently observed G ≥3 TEAE was neutropenia (89.0% in P + TAM arm and 1.1% in placebo + TAM arm). There were no G5 TEAEs in either arm. Conclusions: The study achieved its primary endpoint, demonstrating a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS for P + TAM compared with placebo + TAM for pts with HR+/HER2− ABC. Early OS data with P+TAM is encouraging. TEAEs were generally consistent with the known safety profile of P and ET. Clinical trial information: NCT03423199 .

Vitamin D status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a prospective UK Biobank study

BackgroundLow vitamin D status has been linked to an increased risk for various inflammatory diseases. Conflicting results have been reported regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to...

The prognostic value of degree of pre- and post-treatment anemia in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancers.

e16012 Background: Anemia is common in cancer patients and cancer-related anemia has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes in various malignancies. The degree of anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy, as a prognostic factor in gastroesophageal cancers (GE), is not well understood. There have been studies looking at clinical prognostic scores and their efficacy of predicting outcomes, of which the Gustave Roussy Immune (GRIm-Score) has been seen to be most predictive of early death in GE cancers. This study aims to compare hemoglobin (g/L) values before treatment and at multiple longitudinal timepoints during treatment as a prognostic marker of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). It also aims to identify whether various laboratory measures in the GRIm-Score, which includes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and body mass index (BMI) may hold prognostic value. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 171 patients with advanced GE cancer receiving first-line palliative-intent systemic therapy at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto, Canada from 2011 to 2021 was performed. Laboratory data were longitudinally collected across four time points: pre-chemotherapy, at first restaging scan, at disease progression and at final blood draw at last known follow up. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between change in hemoglobin from baseline, adjusted for LDH, NLR and BMI. Results: Mean hemoglobin value decreased with chemotherapy initiation at the first staging time point compared to pre-chemotherapy values by 10.82 g/L (-10.82, CI: -13.57, -8.07, p &lt; 0.001). On univariate analysis, patients with a hemoglobin increase of 10 g/L at their final blood draw compared to pre-chemotherapy decreased their overall risk of death by 8.50% (HR 0.915, CI: 0.843-0.993, p = 0.033) as well as their PFS by 6.90% (HR 0.931, CI: 0.873-0.994, p = 0.031). On multivariable analysis, adjusting for relevant clinical factors including LDH, NLR and BMI, an increase in hemoglobin increase of 10 g/L from baseline to final was associated with better OS (HR 0.893, CI: 0.817-0.977, p = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, an increase in LDH at progression bloodwork compared to baseline levels was associated with poorer OS (HR 1.002, CI: 1.001-1.003, p = 0.026) and an increase in NLR at final blood draw compared to baseline was associated with poorer OS (HR 1.02, CI: 1.012-1.028, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with metastatic GE cancers can develop treatment-associated anemia and this prognosticates a poorer overall survival. Prognostic models incorporating change in hemoglobin, LDH and NLR ratios should be considered in future clinical evaluation of metastatic GE cancers.

Associationsof diabetes, prediabetes and diabetes duration with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective UK Biobank study.

To investigate the associations of diabetes, prediabetes and diabetes duration with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk and survival in the UK Biobank. We conducted a prospective analysis among 452 680 participants without COPD at baseline using UK Biobank data. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox regression models. The dose-response relationship was explored using restricted cubic splines. A separate survival analysis was conducted for 12 595 patients with incident COPD. Over a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 12 595 cases of COPD were documented. Compared with the reference group, those with prediabetes and diabetes were associated with an 18% (HR 1.18 [95% CI: 1.13-1.24]) and 35% (HR 1.35 [95% CI: 1.24-1.47]) higher risk of COPD, respectively. Diabetes duration was associated with COPD risk, with multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of 1.23 (1.05-1.44), 1.20 (1.04-1.39) and 1.18 (1.01-1.37) for diabetes duration of 7 years or longer, 3 to less than 7 years, and 1 to less than 3 years versus less than 1 year, respectively. Dose-response analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between diabetes duration and COPD risk. Regarding COPD survival, COPD patients with prediabetes and diabetes had a 9% (HR 1.09 [95% CI: 1.00-1.19]) and 21% (HR 1.21 [95% CI: 1.05-1.41]) higher risk of overall death, respectively. Compared with the cases with a diabetes duration of less than 1 year, those with a diabetes duration of 7 years or longer were associated with a 46% higher risk of overall death (HR 1.46 [95% CI: 1.11-1.92]). Our findings indicate that diabetes, prediabetes and a longer diabetes duration are associated with a higher risk of and worse survival for COPD. Future studies are warranted to determine the optimal way of diabetes control that might reduce COPD risk.

The Effect of Monovalent Influenza Vaccine on the Risk of Hospitalization and All-Cause Mortality According to the Results of Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In recent years, various studies have been conducted to investigate the role of the influenza vaccine in reducing the risk of hospitalization and mortality; however, the results of these studies are clearly contradictory. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the effect of monovalent flu vaccines on the risk of hospitalization and all-cause mortality. This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) studies published in databases (Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar) from 1980 to Dec 2022. All analyzes were performed by Stata15 statistical software and the significance level in this study was considered 0.05. In the initial search, 375 articles were retrieved which, considering the study criteria, finally 8 RCT were included in the meta-analysis of the effects of monovalent Flu vaccine on the risk of hospitalization, and 10 RCT on the risk of all-cause mortality. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the overall Odds Ratio (OR) of hospitalization is equal to 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56-0.90; P <0.001) and the overall OR of all-cause mortality is equal to 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68-0.98; P=0.033). There was no publication bias in the study of the effect of monovalent flu vaccine on the risk of hospitalization and all-cause mortality. Getting the flu vaccine can reduce the risk of hospitalization by 29% and the risk of overall death by 18%. Therefore, it may be promising to receive this vaccine as a preventive intervention for deaths and hospitalizations.

Dietary Diversity and Inflammatory Diet Associated with All-Cause Mortality and Incidence and Mortality of Type 2 Diabetes: Two Prospective Cohort Studies.

A higher dietary diversity score (DDS) and a lower energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) may be associated with lower risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and mortality. This cohort study aimed to investigate the associations of DDS and E-DII with all-cause mortality, incidence of T2D, and mortality of T2D, as well as the joint effects of these two dietary factors. A total of 181,360 participants without all types of diabetes at baseline from the UK Biobank and 42,139 participants from the US NHANES were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations of DDS and E-DII with outcomes. In the UK Biobank data, 8338 deaths, 3416 incident T2D cases, and 353 T2D deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 12.5 years. In the US NHANES data, 6803 all-cause deaths and 248 T2D-specific deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 9.6 years. We observed that higher DDS and lower E-DII were significantly associated with lower risks of total mortality and incident T2D. Compared with low DDS, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of high DDS were 0.69 (0.64, 0.74) for all-cause mortality, 0.79 (0.70, 0.88) for incident T2D in the UK Biobank, and 0.69 (0.61, 0.78) for all-cause mortality in the US NHANES. Compared with participants in tertile 3 of E-DII, those in tertile 1 had a lower risk of overall death [HR 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.91) in UK Biobank; 0.83 (0.77, 0.88) in US NHANES] and incident T2D [0.86 (0.79, 0.94)] in UK Biobank. No evidence was observed of the interactive effects of DDS and E-DII on either all-cause mortality or the incidence and mortality of T2D. There was no significant association found between any exposure and T2D mortality in this study. In conclusion, our results revealed that higher DDS and lower E-DII were associated with both total mortality and incident T2D in UK and US adults.

Risk of Death Associated With Reversion From Prediabetes to Normoglycemia and the Role of Modifiable Risk Factors

Individuals with prediabetes have a higher risk of death than healthy individuals. However, previous findings have suggested that individuals with reversion from prediabetes to normoglycemia may not have a lower risk of death compared with individuals with persistent prediabetes. To investigate the associations between changes in prediabetes status and risk of death and to elucidate the roles of modifiable risk factors in these associations. This population-based prospective cohort study used data from 45 782 participants with prediabetes from the Taiwan MJ Cohort Study who were recruited between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2007. Participants were followed up from the second clinical visit to December 31, 2011, with a median (IQR) follow-up of 8 (5-12) years. Participants were categorized into 3 groups according to changes in their prediabetes status within a 3-year period after initial enrollment: reversion to normoglycemia, persistent prediabetes, and progression to diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the associations between changes in prediabetes status at baseline (ie, the second clinical visit) and risk of death. Data analysis was performed between September 18, 2021, and October 24, 2022. All-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality, and cancer-related mortality. Of 45 782 participants with prediabetes (62.9% male; 100% Asian; mean [SD] age, 44.6 [12.8] years), 1786 (3.9%) developed diabetes and 17 021 (37.2%) reverted to normoglycemia. Progression from prediabetes to diabetes within a 3-year period was associated with higher risks of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.25-1.79) and CVD-related death (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12-2.33) compared with persistent prediabetes, while reversion to normoglycemia was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause death (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.88-1.10), cancer-related death (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.77-1.08), or CVD-related death (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.75-1.25). Among individuals who were physically active, reversion to normoglycemia was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.87) compared with those with persistent prediabetes who were physically inactive. Among individuals with obesity, risk of death varied between those who experienced reversion to normoglycemia (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82-1.49) and those who had persistent prediabetes (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.10-1.62). In this cohort study, although reversion from prediabetes to normoglycemia within a 3-year period did not mitigate the overall risk of death compared with persistent prediabetes, risk of death associated with reversion to normoglycemia varied based on whether individuals were physically active or had obesity. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle modification among those with prediabetes status.

Abstract P3-05-30: Survival after Development of Contralateral Breast Cancer

Abstract Purpose There are many studies reporting survival after development of contralateral breast cancer(CBC) but with inconsistent results. Also, many studies were based on European or North American population and few on Asian population. However, Korean breast cancer patients have different characteristics such as age distribution. Therefore, purpose of this study is to investigate whether development of CBC has influence on survival in Korean breast cancer population. Methods In this retrospective study, we included patients who were diagnosed with a first primary unilateral non-metastatic breast cancer at Asan Medical Center, Korea, between 1999-2013 followed through 2018. In this population, patients who delveloped CBC during the follow-up period were divided into the CBC cohort, and who did not into the non-CBC cohort. Survival of CBC cohort and non-CBC cohort was compared in the whole study population and in subgroup analysis by interval of CBC development, and breast cancer subtype. Results Over median follow-up of 107 months, 418 patients developed CBC out of 16,251 patients. Development of CBC did not influence overall survival or breast cancer-specific survival. In subgroup analysis by interval of CBC development, patients who developed CBC within one year after diagnosis of the first breast cancer had higher risk for overall death in CBC cohort (hazard ratio 2.58; 95% CI 1.28-5.18), and patients who developed CBC after one year showed no significant difference in survival compared with non-CBC cohort. In subgroup analysis by the subtype, patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative subtype for the first breast cancer showed higher risk for overall death in CBC cohort (hazard ratio 1.88; 95% CI 1.14-3.10) whereas patients with triple negative subtype for the first breast cancer showed lower risk for overall survival in CBC cohort (hazard ratio 0.42; 95% CI 0.19-0.95). Conclusion Development of CBC in Korean breast cancer patients did not have significant impact on survival. However, development of CBC early after diagnosis of first breast or having certain subtype of breast cancer may have affect on survival. Such information can be important information when counseling patients who are considering contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Citation Format: Hakyoung Kim, Hee Jeong Kim, Yoon Tae In, Seonok Kim, Sae Byul Lee, Jisun Kim, Il-Yong Chung, Beom Seok Ko, Jong Won Lee, Byung Ho Son, Sei Hyun Ahn. Survival after Development of Contralateral Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-30.

Cervical cancer after the Manchester procedure: a nationwide cohort study.

The Manchester procedure is a successful operation to treat uterine prolapse. However, the influence on cervical cancer remains unknown. We hypothesized a lower risk of cervical cancer after the Manchester procedure. We included all Danish women undergoing the Manchester procedure during 1977-2018 (N = 23,935). Women undergoing anterior colporrhaphy (N = 51,008) were included as references due to comparable health-seeking behaviors. The study cohort is as previously described. We assessed the risk of cervical cancer mortality after the Manchester procedure versus anterior colporrhaphy using cumulated incidence plots and Cox hazard regressions. We applied Fisher's exact test to compare the distribution of histological subtypes after the operations. Generally, few women were diagnosed with cervical cancer (0.1% after Manchester procedure and 0.2% after anterior colporrhaphy). After the Manchester procedure, the risk of cervical cancer was reduced (HR 0.60 [95% CI 0.39-0.94]). Furthermore, we found a slightly reduced risk of overall death (HR 0.96 [95% 0.94-0.99]), but no association regarding death due to cervical cancer (HR 0.66 [95% 0.34-1.25]). The distribution of histological subtypes was not changed. Women undergoing the Manchester procedure are at lower risk of being diagnosed with cervical cancer, while the risk of cancer specific mortality is unchanged compared to women undergoing anterior colporrhaphy. Based on this study, we cannot recommend that women exit ordinary screening programs for human papillomavirus/cervical dysplasia after a Manchester procedure.

Lower Expression of CFTR Is Associated with Higher Mortality in a Meta-Analysis of Individuals with Colorectal Cancer.

Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by biallelic germline mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), have higher risk and earlier onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). A subset of CRC patients in the non-CF population expresses low levels of tumoral CFTR mRNA which may also cause decreased CFTR activity. To determine the consequences of reduced CFTR expression in this population, we investigated association of tumoral CFTR expression with overall and disease-specific mortality in CRC patients. CFTR mRNA expression, clinical factors and survival data from 1177 CRC patients reported in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus studies GSE39582 and GSE17538 were included. Log-transformed and z-normalized [mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1] CFTR expression values were modeled as quartiles or dichotomized at the median. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall and disease-specific mortality in individual studies and meta-analyses. Analyses of each of the three individual datasets showed a robust association of decreased CFTR expression with increased mortality. In meta-analyses adjusted for stage at diagnosis, age and sex, CFTR expression was inversely associated with risk of overall death [pooled HR (95% CI): 0.70 (0.57-0.86)] and disease-specific death [pooled HR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.47-0.99)]. Associations did not differ by stage at diagnosis, age, or sex. Meta-analysis of overall death stratified by microsatellite instable (MSI) versus microsatellite stable (MSS) status indicated potential interaction between MSI/MSS status and CFTR expression, (p-interaction: 0.06). The findings from these three datasets support the hypothesis that low CFTR expression is associated with increased CRC mortality.

Workers in Australian prebake aluminium smelters: update on risk of mortality and cancer incidence in the Healthwise cohort

ObjectivesTo investigate mortality and the rates of incident cancer among a cohort of aluminium industry workers.MethodsAmong 4507 male employees who worked in either of two Australian prebake smelters for at...

Off-Pump Bilateral Skeletonized Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting in Octogenarians.

We compared postoperative outcomes in octogenarians who underwent off-pump isolated coronary artery bypass grafting for multivessel disease using either skeletonized bilateral or single internal thoracic artery (ITA). Among 1,532 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between 2002 and 2021, 173 octogenarians were analyzed retrospectively. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, we found no statistically significant difference regarding patients' preoperative characteristics. No patient experienced deep sternal wound infection. More patients in the single than bilateral ITA group died within 30 days after surgery (5.0% vs. 0%, respectively; P=0.003). The mean follow-up duration was 4.2 years. At 5 years, the freedom from overall death following bilateral versus single ITA grafting was 78.2% and 53.7%, respectively (log-rank test, P=0.003), and freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was 67.9% and 44.8% respectively (log-rank test, P=0.002). In multivariable Cox models, bilateral ITA grafting was significantly associated with a lower risk of overall death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.555; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.342-0.903; P=0.018) and MACCE (HR 0.586; 95% CI 0.376-0.913; P=0.018). Compared with single ITA grafting, off-pump skeletonized bilateral ITA grafting is associated with lower rates of overall death and MACCE in octogenarians undergoing CABG and does not increase the risk of deep sternal wound infection.